Ngosuku ngemva kokuphothula ekolishi, ngagxumela emotweni nomuntu engangihlala naye kanye nomunye umngane salibangisa eningizimu eMississippi. Sasinomoya omuhle ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, kodwa sasisemotweni exube izinhlanga futhi sezwa ingozi emgwaqeni. Ngonyaka odlule, kwadutshulwa kwabulawa abantu abasha abathathu ababenendawo efanayo ngesizathu esifanayo ngesizini efanayo. Leyo bekuyinhlekelele embi kakhulu esiyigubhayo manje njengehlobo Lenkululeko.
I-Freedom Summer, 1964, kwakuyiphrojekthi yamalungelo omphakathi eyingqophamlando yokuletha intando yeningi yezinhlanga eziningi ezweni elidume kabi ngobandlululo lwalo kanye nokwenqaba ngobudlova amalungelo okuvota kwabaNsundu. Ihlelwe yi-Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), kanye neCongress of Racial Equality (CORE), futhi iholwa yisishoshovu samalungelo omphakathi odumile u-Bob Moses, iFreedom Summer ilethe amakhulu abantu abasha abaNsundu nabamhlophe ezindaweni eziningi zasemakhaya ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Mississippi. Umgomo oyinhloko kwakuwukubhalisa izinkulungwane zabantu Abansundu ukuthi bavote futhi kuqedwe i-Confederate fascism - uhlelo lobandlululo noma ubudlova obusekelwe kuhlanga olwavimbela intando yeningi ngaphambi kweMpi Yombango futhi lwavuswa kuhulumeni kaJim Crow ngemva Kokwakhiwa Kabusha.
IFreedom Summer yazama ukubhalisa abavoti abaMnyama ababalelwa ku-17,000 1,600, kodwa bayi-1964 kuphela abamukelwe ababhalisi abamhlophe. Osopolitiki baseMississippi kanye nezikhulu zokhetho, kanye neKu Klux Klan, bamelene nodlame. Izisebenzi ezimbili zomphakathi ezimhlophe, uMichael Schwerner no-Andrew Goodman, zafika eMississippi phakathi no-June, 4, kusasele unyaka ngaphambi kokuba ngifike nabangane bami. USchwerner noGoodman bahlangana noJames Chaney, isishoshovu sendawo esiNsundu esasisebenza nabo, kodwa laba bobathathu banyamalala ngesikhathi bephenya ukushiswa kwesonto. Batholakala bebulewe emasontweni ambalwa kamuva, ekhunjulwa ngo-August 1964, XNUMX, uMartin Luther King Jr., owayeze eMississippi futhi wachaza ukufa “njengokuhlasela ubuzalwane besintu okufundiswa yizo zonke izinkolo ezinkulu zesintu.”
Ungaphuthelwa isigqi
Thola izindaba zakamuva kanye nokuhlaziywa okushukumisa ingqondo Ngaphandle.
I-Freedom Summer yasiza ukukhipha umzamo omkhulu wokuletha intando yeningi eMississippi. Amalungelo okuvota athathwa njengengxenye yoguquko lwezemfundo, ezomnotho kanye nezepolitiki. Izishoshovu zamalungelo okuvota zisize ekusunguleni izikole zenkululeko ezingama-41 zabantu abasha abaNsundu abangaphezu kwezi-3,000, basiza ekuhlinzekeni ngamakhono okufunda nokubhala, umlando kanye nokuhlela azovumela ukuthi umzabalazo uqhubeke.
Kungathatha ihlobo lami leNkululeko ngowe-1965 ukusondela esigabeni sokuqala esisha sentando yeningi yezinhlanga ezahlukene. Ngalelo hlobo, ngahlala nomkhaya wabaNsundu izinyanga ezimbalwa futhi ngaqhubeka nomsebenzi wamalungelo okuvota nokufundisa owaqala ngo-1964. Njengezisebenzi zika-1964, sabhekana nobudlova obungapheli, saboshwa amaphoyisa ngosuku lokuqala kwalandelwa amadoda ahlomile ake aphatha. ukuthi angene emotweni yethu azame ukusiklinya. Naphezu kwalolu dlame, saphumelela ukubhalisa izinkulungwane zabavoti abasha abaNsundu, futhi ngo-1965 sase sizuze ukusekelwa okwanele kuzwelonke kangangokuthi uMongameli uLyndon B. Johnson wasayina uMthetho Wamalungelo Abantu ngaphambi kokuphela kwehlobo. Bekuyisenzo samalungelo okuvota esibanzi kakhulu esaphasiswa kusukela Ekwakhiweni Kabusha, esinqabela “ukufinyezwa” noma “ukwenqatshelwa” kwamalungelo okuvota kunoma yiliphi iqembu lobuhlanga noma elincane kuwo wonke amazwe.
Ngangingakaze ngicabange ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka engama-60, sizolidinga kakhulu elinye ihlobo leNkululeko, kulokhu ukuze sakhe intando yeningi yezinhlanga eziningi hhayi eNingizimu kuphela kodwa nesizwe sonke. Nakulokhu, sibhekene nokuphika ukhetho, ubuzwe bobuKristu abamhlophe kanye ne-American fascism evuselelwe. Sidinga ihlobo leNkululeko ngokushesha kakhulu kuneminyaka engama-60 edlule, ngoba manje sibhekene nokhetho olungase lube olokugcina lwethu - futhi oluzothatha iminyaka yama-Freedom Summers amasha ukuthi awine futhi athole intando yeningi yeqiniso.
Ngenhlanhla, izinhlangano zamalungelo omphakathi, ukubhaliswa kokuvota kanye nemikhankaso yabavotile, othisha kanye nezishoshovu zobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle bayasithatha lesi sikhathi. Njengoba sisondela okhethweni lukamongameli olusabisa ngokubuyisa uJim Crow, inkumbulo yeFreedom Summer isiza ukukhuthaza ukwanda okusha kwamalungelo okuvota ezinhlanga eziningi kanye “nezinhlangano zentando yeningi.” Namuhla, izinhlangano ezimbili ezahlukene kanye nemikhankaso ka-2024 egqugquzelwe yiFreedom Summer zisebenzisa izifundo zayo.
I-Black Voters Matter (BVM) ihlanganisa inkolelo ye-Freedom Summer emandleni angenziwa phakathi kwabantu baseMelika abangenamalungelo. Njenge-SNCC, i-Black Voters Matter iyinhlangano yamalungelo okuvota "inhlangano yentando yeningi" egxile e-Deep South. Izishoshovu ezimbili eziNsundu, u-LaTosha Brown kanye no-Cliff Albright, basungula i-BVM ngo-2016 ngemva kweminyaka yokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlela umphakathi, amalungelo omphakathi kanye nokukhipha umkhankaso wokusekela intando yeningi ngamavoti.
Umjaho wentsha kaBrown ka-1998 wokungenela izikhundla e-Alabama wayeqondiswe osherifu bendawo abacwasa ngokwebala, abaphuca amavoti akhe amaningi futhi “wakhohlwa” ukuwabala, okumshiya “ezizwa engenamandla kakhulu” okhethweni olunamaqili, futhi ngokushesha waqala ukubona “ukuthi kwakuvamile kangakanani ... ukweba lolu khetho … futhi akekho owabekwa icala,” ngokusho kombiko I-Harvard Gazette. Wayezokushintsha konke lokho.
I-BVM manje isidale i-Movement Voting Project (MVP) ukuze ikhiphe abavoti abangu-2024 ezifundazweni eziyisishiyagalolunye ezibalulekile, izifunda ezingama-40 ezincintisana kakhulu zeNdlu kanye nemijaho ebalulekile yokuvotela phansi ehilela ukulawula izishayamthetho zezwe. Okusikhumbuza kakhulu nge-Freedom Summer ifilosofi eshisekayo emazingeni aphansi kanye nethemba. Iningi lemiphakathi yanamuhla ebonakala ingenamandla yaseNingizimu Afrika yasemaphandleni “inensalela yenhlangano yamalungelo abantu” esiza ukukhuthaza ubushoshovu bamanje, uBrown. wabhala ngoba I-New York Times. Waphawula ukuthi abalingani bendawo be-BVM endaweni yasemaphandleni ejulile ngokuvamile kungabesifazane abaNsundu abawazi kahle umphakathi wabo futhi abanobudlelwano nolwazi lokugqugquzela omakhelwane babo ukuthi babe izishoshovu zokuvota.
UBrown ukhuluma nge-SNCC emsebenzini wakhe - egcizelela kuye Times ucezu ongeke “ungene kulo ngepharashuthi” kodwa kufanele uhlanganyele nabantu bendawo ukuze wenze umehluko. Yilokhu okwenziwa yiFreedom Summer; Ngahlala nomndeni wabaNsundu ihlobo lonke futhi ngathola ukwazi umbuthano wabo. Njengomhleli wamalungelo omphakathi kanye nomphakathi, uBrown uthanda ngokusobala imodeli ye-Freedom Summer, futhi uyaqonda ukuthi indlela yokuhlanganisa abavoti ukujoyina nokwazi isiko labo.
UBrown uphinde avuse iFreedom Summer ngenkolelo yakhe “yokwazisa abantu ukuthi bayathandwa nokuthi babalulekile,” kubika i I-Harvard Gazette. “Asizi kumalungu omphakathi wethu sengathi amavoti nje okumele ahlanganiswe noma abalwe njengobhontshisi. Singena njengabangani, ngokugona nothando.” Ngomoya we-Freedom Summer futhi ecaphuna ngokuqondile u-Martin Luther King, uthi: “Sihlala sitshela abantu ukuthi 'Amandla angcono kakhulu wuthando lokufeza izimfuno zobulungiswa.'
IDemocracy Summer ingenye inhlangano yamanje yabavoti kanye nentando yeningi egqugquzelwa yiFreedom Summer. Yasungulwa nguMaryland Congressman Jamie Raskin, ummeli womthethosisekelo owaziwa ngobuholi bakhe kuCongress ngokumelene nomzamo kaTrump wokuketula umbuso ngoJanuwari 6. U-Raskin uhlanganise umkhankaso wamalungelo okuvota wezinhlanga eziningi ogxile entsheni engikhumbuza izishoshovu engikanye nazo eminyakeni engama-60 edlule. Bagcwele intshiseko yokudala intando yeningi yangempela e-US ekhululwe ngokwezigaba nezigaba, futhi bagqugquzela umzabalazo wawo wonke ukunqoba uTrump ngo-2024.
Akumangazi ukuthi uRaskin wasungula le nhlangano yentando yeningi. Ubaba wakhe kwakungu-Marcus Raskin, isishoshovu esivelele sokuthula nentando yeningi, owasika amazinyo akhe kwezombusazwe ngeminyaka yawo-1960 yamalungelo omphakathi kanye nezinhlangano ezilwa nempi.
Omunye wothisha bokuqala eDemocracy Summer kwakunguBob Moses. U-Raskin wayazi ukuthi wayenzani lapho ekhetha uMose, owayeseyinganekwane ye-Freedom Summer. UMoses usize i-SNCC ukwakha izikole eziningi zenkululeko eziphethwe yiFreedom Summer. Ngaphambi kokuthi ashone ngo-2017, washiyela iDemocracy Summer ikharikhulamu yakhe ebuyekeziwe yamalungelo abavoti kanye nentando yeningi esizukulwaneni esisha.
URaskin ugqamisa ukuthi lo mkhankaso ugxile kuntando yeningi yezomnotho kanye nentando yeningi yezepolitiki. Akagcinanga ngokuletha othisha njengamaqhawe alwela amalungelo abantu John Lewis futhi UMarc Elias, ummeli wanamuhla ovelele wamalungelo okuvota, kodwa nabaholi bezabasebenzi abavela ku-AFL-CIO kanye I-Labour Heritage Foundation, abafundisa ngenhlangano yezabasebenzi njengesisekelo sokwakha intando yeningi. Lolu wuhlelo lwezifundo olugxile kuzo zombili izithiyo zobuhlanga kanye nezithiyo zesigaba sonxiwankulu embusweni wentando yeningi, umqondo oshukumisayo we-SNCC futhi owafundiswa uMartin Luther King, owabulawa ngesikhathi emasha nabasebenzi bakadoti ababetelekile eMemphis ngo-1968.
Ngemuva kokusungula iDemocracy Summer njengengxenye yomkhankaso wakhe we-2006 weSenate State yaseMaryland, ngo-2018, u-Raskin wanquma ukuthi njengoba uTrump kanye ne-MAGA bephakamisa "isikole sakhe sentando yeningi" esisha kufanele senzeke njalo ehlobo ukusiza ukwakha "ukusekela intando yeningi ngokugcwele, amalungelo okuvota” uhlelo lwezifundo. Ehlobo lika-2021 no-2022, ngemva kukaJanuwari 6, iDemocracy Summer yanda ukuze ibambisane nezinhlangano zentando yeningi ezingaphezu kwe-100 nezinhlangano zokuvota, futhi yaqasha abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme nasekolishi abangaphezu kwe-1,000 esikoleni sentando yeningi sasehlobo. Abafundi bathole imfundo ngentando yeningi yomthethosisekelo ehambisana nomsebenzi wokukhankasela ukubhaliswa kwabavoti, amabhange ocingo, ukungqongqoza kweminyango kanye nobushoshovu bezepolitiki. Abafundi baba abagqugquzeli bomphakathi, beqaphela ukuthi bangakwazi ukuvota kuphela uma bedingida izindaba ezibalulekile emphakathini wabo, kusukela kwezabasebenzi kuya ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kuye kwabesifazane kanye nokulwa nokucwasa. Leli yikhasi elikhishwe khona kanye kumanuwali wokuhlela we-Freedom Summer.
Ihlobo leDemokhrasi lika-2024 liqala ngoJuni 24 futhi liqhubeke ngokusemthethweni kuze kube ngu-Agasti 9, kuhloswe ngalo “ukubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi ubani ozolawula iCongress kanye ne-White House. Amavolontiya enza okungenani amahora amane amasemina nezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi eziku-inthanethi, futhi amanye amahora ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15 ngeviki esebenza mathupha emikhankasweni yokuvota yengqungquthela yendawo yeDemokhrasi kanye nomkhankaso wobumongameli. Njengophothule ehlobo leNkululeko, ngiyakwazi ukuhlobana nomuntu oneziqu zeDemocracy Summer obufakazi bakhe buvela kusizindalwazi sohlelo: “Ihlobo lentando yeningi ngempela bekuyisipiliyoni sami esiguqule impilo yami yonke okwamanje. Manje ngiyethemba futhi ngiyafisa ukuqhubeka nepolitiki.”
I-BVM neDemocracy Summer ziyimikhankaso emibili nje kweminingi yentando yeningi ekhuphukayo ukuze kuvinjelwe i-Trumpism kanye ne-neo-fascism yaseMelika ekuwineni ngo-2024 nangale kwalokho. Phakathi kwezishoshovu ezimenywe ukuzokhuluma eDemocracy Summer kukhona uMfundisi William Barber, umsunguli womkhankaso wesimanje wabantu abampofu owaqalwa nguMartin Luther King. Ngomoya weFreedom Summer, uBarber uphendule kusenesikhathi emkhankasweni wesibili kaTrump we-White House, ehlela ngo-2022 imashi enkulu engenalo udlame yabasebenzi abahola kancane eWashington nasezindaweni zokuvota, "eqondise amalambu abomvu ezindawo zokuvota ezivaliwe futhi evimbela futhi. zonke izinhlobo zokucindezelwa kwabavoti,” njenge kubika by Amaphupho ajwayelekile. Imashi Yomkhankaso Wabantu Abampofu eya okhethweni ivuswe ngezinga elikhulu nakakhulu ngo-2024, ukuze “ivuse umdondoshiya olele” wabasebenzi abahola kancane futhi banqume umphumela wokhetho oluzayo. Ngokugxila ezindabeni ezihlangene zonxiwankulu, ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ubumpofu kanye nokucwasa ngokwebala, lo mkhankaso omusha we-Freedom Summer usekelwe embonweni kaBarber wokuthi “indlela eya ekunqobeni okhethweni kuleli zwe idlula ezigidini eziyi-140 zabantu abampofu nabahola kancane,” njenge kucashunwe by Amaphupho ajwayelekile.
Le ajenda esekela intando yeningi ijoyinwa yi-AFL-CIO kanye ne-United Auto Workers (UAW), abahlela umkhankaso wabo wamalungelo okuvota ohlobo lwe-Freedom Summer kusukela manje kuze kube usuku lokhetho nangale kwalokho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqembu amakhulu asekela intando yeningi kanye namaqembu okuvota, njengeProgressive Turnout Project kanye ne-MoveOn, avuselela imikhankaso emikhulu kakhulu yabavoti emlandweni wabo kuleli hlobo, efinyelela amashumi ezigidi zabavoti kupolitiki kazwelonke ephuthumayo ye-Freedom Summer ezweni lonke. isikali. Bajoyinwa ngamakhulu emikhankaso yokuvota yesifunda neyendawo kanye neyentando yeningi.
E-Mississippi, kwakushisa kakhulu lapho ngihlela kangangokuthi ngabona imishini ye-Coke kumavulandi abantu abaningi, lapho ngaphuthuma khona ukuze ngiqede ukoma kwami. Isimo sezulu saseMississippi kanye nezepolitiki zazishisa kakhulu. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nepolitiki ye-MAGA ilethe umhlaba ofanayo oshisiwe kanye nendawo yezombangazwe; i-Freedom Summers yekhulu lama-21 entsha izobe ishisa ngazo zombili imizwa.
Abantu abasha bazobhekana nokushisa - amazinga okushisa akhuphukayo kanye nezipoki zama-fascist ezipakisha ukushisa - impilo yabo yonke, futhi badinga ukuhlangana ngobuningi emkhankasweni ka-2024 ngaphambi kokuba kwephuze kakhulu. Manje sengifundisa laba bafundi, kodwa ngiyabathanda njengoba ngangibathanda lapho ngingomunye wabo. Futhi nginethemba lokuthi bazophuma ngobuningi babo futhi bathole incazelo efanayo ekulweleni intando yeningi, uthando nokuphila njengoba ngakwenza ngehlobo lokuqala leNkululeko.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
Nikela