While rich country leaders pushed what critics called false capitalist fixes to the climate crisis during Monday’s sessions of the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, Scotland, Bolivia’s socialist president warned that true solutions to the planetary emergency require moving beyond capitalism to an “alternative model” that centers living “together in harmony with Mother Earth.”

“The solution to the climate crisis is not going to be achieved with more green capitalism and more global carbon markets.”

“We view with frustration the enduring global framework that hasn’t finished defining a global solution to the climate crisis, which has become the principal problem we must face in defense of humanity and the life of Mother Earth,” Bolivian President Luis Arce said during his address to the U.N. conference—also called COP26—on Monday. “We perceive that developed countries are simply buying time without any sense of responsibility for humanity.”

Echoing concerns voiced by Indigenous activists, Arce said that “developed countries are promoting a new world recolonization process that we can call the ‘new carbon colonialism,’ because they are trying to impose their own rules of the game in the climate negotiations to continue feeding the new green capitalist system, while pushing developing nations to accept these rules of the game without any other options.”

“The solution to the climate crisis is not going to be achieved with more green capitalism and more global carbon markets,” stressed Arce, who is also an economist. “The solution is to change the model of civilization and move towards an alternative model to capitalism, the concept of living well together in harmony with Mother Earth.”

The president said that if the nations of the Global North truly want to be leaders in tackling the climate emergency, they must reduce emissions within the framework of the Paris climate agreement, promote an equitable distribution of “atmospheric space,” and provide financial and other resources for developing nations.

“If the current generations do not solve the climate crisis, this will be a very heavy burden and impossible to solve for the generations to come,” he warned.

A 2009 Oxfam report predicted Bolivia would suffer acute food and water insecurity, disappearing glaciers, more frequent and severe natural disasters, increased mosquito-borne diseases, and more forest fires as a result of human-driven climate change. Last December, the group issued a follow-up report which confirmed many of the earlier predictions, including a water crisis driven by glacier melt, dengue fever outbreaks, and historic forest fires.