Book by Brian Tokar; Communalism Press, 2010, 137 pp.
The premise of the book is that the climate crisis perhaps "can indeed help us envision a transition toward a more harmonious, more humane and ecological way of life." Tokar rejects the apocalyptic tendencies reflected in some left thinking and instead seeks to radically reclaim "hope" as an essential and sustaining component for building a movement capable of fending off cataclysm and interposing a new vision at the same time. This is not a false hope of the sort plied by "green capitalists." Tokar thoroughly debunks many of the standard alternatives bandied about by the power elite—from nuclear power and biofuels (a net climate change contributor) to carbon markets and offsets (which perpetuate the inequalities that brought us to the brink in the first place). At the same time, options such as wind and solar are explored in terms of their viability as part of a future that likewise includes reductions in energy use and increased efficiency.
On the nuclear question in particular, Tokar is most eloquent. The anti-nuclear movement of the 1970s and 1980s is cited as a primary precursor of today's global justice and climate justice movements. Its successful intervention has prevented even a single new nuclear plant from being brought online in the U.S. since Three Mile Island. Tokar exposes the centralizing, toxifying, and bankrupting qualities of nuclear power and points out that it is a failure both in terms of its inputs (destructive uranium mining that impacts indigenous communities and the environment) and outputs (deadly wastes that cannot be sequestered or disposed of in any feasible manner). He further observes that nuclear power feeds directly into the interests of "a police state due to the massive security apparatus necessary to protect" its volatile workings.
Against this, Toward Climate Justice proposes a vision of a radically decentralized, solar powered, democratically governed, and locally controlled future. Applying the tenets of "social ecology" (Tokar directs the Institute for Social Ecology in Vermont), a "reharmonization" of social and ecological issues is proposed on long-range thinking, the rejection of all forms of domination, and political activity aimed at producing a rich ecological consciousness. One of the salient points demonstrating this inherent social-ecological nexus is that "those who contribute the least to the problem of global warming will continue to face the most severe consequences," a point echoed by others who have explored in-depth the disparate burdens of climate change faced by communities of color and impoverishment.
Tokar further investigates the emergence of a vibrant, multifaceted climate justice movement that seeks to address the underlying roots of global warming, which necessitates calling into question the workings of the entire capitalist model as well as the socio-political edifice that serves it. Notions of "greening" capitalism and democratizing the "permanent war economy" are rejected as extending "a way of life that can only continue to devour the earth and its peoples." Still, Tokar is no anti-civilization nihilist. Rather, he grasps the deeper reality that "our very survival now depends on our ability to renounce the global status quo and create a more humane and ecologically balanced way of life." In order to accomplish this, we must "evolve a broad, counterhegemonic social movement that refuses to compromise its values and settle for partial measures," lest we find that our narrow window of opportunity is forever closed.
Undoubtedly, there are those who will criticize Tokar's uncompromising perspective—for example a number of potentially like-minded climate justice advocates who have embraced nuclear power as part of the potential solution, including James Lovelock and Stewart Brand and especially James Hansen, a pioneer in climate science and an early voice warning of the dire consequences of human-caused global warming. Those with a more scientific bent in particular will point out that Toward Climate Justice is longer on rhetorical descriptions than it is on hard science and indeed the work would benefit from the inclusion of more sober analyses that demonstrate how and in what manner certain climatic and ecological thresholds are being crossed in a mutually-reinforcing and almost certainly irreversible manner.
Still, readers with a movement-oriented perspective will find much to be informed about and inspired by in Tokar's important and persuasive book. The reality is that for much of the public, science remains a mystery, and many misconceptions abound as to even relatively simple climate-related matters such as photosynthesis and the seasons. What we most urgently need are pragmatically-grounded calls of the sort that Tokar is issuing, namely ones that integrate the best qualities of environmentalism, philosophy, social science, and creativity. It is in this integrative vein that Toward Climate Justice spectacularly succeeds, as a holistic and accessible reminder of the stakes that we face and the indomitable spirit that is rising up to meet the challenge.
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Randall Amster teaches Peace Studies and is the Graduate Chair in Humanities at Prescott College. His most recent books include Lost in Space: The Criminalization, Globalization, and Urban Ecology of Homelessness (LFB Scholarly, 2008) and the co-edited volume Building Cultures of Peace: Transdisciplinary Voices of Hope and Action (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009). Amster is the founder and editor of the online publication New Clear Vision. Since 2008, he has served as executive director of the Peace & Justice Studies Association.
