In 1955, she published her second volume of poetry, The Diamond Cutters, of which Randall Jarrell wrote: “The poet [behind these poems] cannot help seeming to us a sort of princess in a fairy tale.”
But the image of the fairy tale princess would not last. After having three sons before the age of 30, Rich gradually changed both her life and her poetry. Throughout the 1960s she wrote several collections, including Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law (1963) and Leaflets (1969), and the content of her work changed as she began exploring such themes as women’s role in society, racism, and the Vietnam war. The style of these poems also revealed a shift from metric patterns to free verse.
It was in 1973—in the midst of the feminist and civil rights movements, the Vietnam War, and her own personal distress—that Rich wrote Diving into the Wreck, a collection of exploratory and often angry poems, which won her the National Book Award in 1974. Rich accepted the award on behalf of all women and shared it with her fellow nominees, Alice Walker and Audre Lorde.
Rich is also the author of several books of nonfiction prose, including Arts of the Possible: Essays and Conversations (2001), What is Found There: Notebooks on Poetry and Politics (1993), and Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution (1986).
Rich has received the Bollingen Prize, the Lannan Lifetime Achievement Award, the Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize, the National Book Award, and a MacArthur Fellowship; she is also a former chancellor of the Academy of American Poets.
In 1997, she refused the National Medal of Arts, stating that, “I could not accept such an award from President Clinton or this White House because the very meaning of art, as I understand it, is incompatible with the cynical politics of this Administration.” She went on to say: “[Art] means nothing if it simply decorates the dinner table of the power which holds it hostage.”
She died March 27. She was 82.
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Compiled by poets.org.
