Umthombo: FAIR
Umongameli u-Evo Morales uphumelele unyulo kunyulo lukamongameli waseBolivia ngo-Okthobha odlulileyo we-20, njengolunyulo lwangaphambili. uvoto oluxelwe kwangaphambili. Ufumene i-47% yevoti kunyulo kunye ne-88% yabavoti. Wabetha imbangi yakhe ekufutshane ngamanqaku angaphezulu nje kwepesenti ye-10, nto leyo ethetha ukuba umjikelo wesibini wawungafuneki.
Kodwa ngemini emva konyulo, uMbutho wamazwe aseMelika (i-OAS), owavunyelwa nguMorales ukuba abeke iliso kunyulo, wakhupha ingxelo yeendaba esithi kuye kwakho "utshintsho olunzima nokunzima ukulichaza kwindlela yokuqala. iziphumo.โ Yayilibango elibubuxoki ngokucacileyo (FAIR.org, 12/19/19).
Nangona i-Washington, DC-based Centre for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR) yakhupha ngokukhawuleza ingxelo (10/22/19) ebonisa isiphene esisisiseko kuhlalutyo lwe-OAS-iyayihoywa ukuba i-precincts ebika kwangaphambili ingahluka kwizinto ezibika emva kwexesha-i-OAS yaqhubeka ibango lokuba ukuguqulwa kwendlela kwakububungqina bobuqhetseba. I-CEPR yazingisa ekubhenceni inkohliso ye-OASโngokomzekelo, kwiphepha letanki yokucinga ishicilelwe ngoNovemba 8 kunye ne-op-ed in MarketWatch (11/19/19) nguCEPR umseki uMark Weisbrot. NgoDisemba 12, kwintlanganiso yebhunga esisigxina, i-OAS-efumana I-60% yenkxaso-mali yayo kurhulumente wase-US-wala ukuvumela uJake Johnston ukuba abonise iiCEPR's impendulo yokuqala kwingxelo yokugqibela ye-OAS yonyulo.
Okwangoku, ukunyanzeliswa kwe-OAS yonyulo kwabangela uqhanqalazo olunobundlobongela (kunye nokuziphatha okugwenxa komkhosi waseBolivia kunye namapolisa) kwanyanzela uMorales ukuba abaleke eBolivia ngoNovemba 10 ukuya. kuphephe ukubulawa. Umkhosi wokhuseleko waseBolivia "ucebise" uMorales ukuba arhoxe, emvumela ukuba agxothwe elizweni (nendlu yakhe. kuphangiwe), kodwa emva koko kwavela isenzo sokubulala ukuhlanganisa ubhukuqo-mbuso. Kwiiveki ezimbini, abantu 32 babulawa beqhankqalazela ubuzwilakhe obathatha emva kokuba ebalekile. Ubuzwilakhe ekuhleni iya kumbamba uMorales ukuba ubuyela eBolivia.
Ngasekupheleni kwenyanga edlulileyo, i-MIT Election Data kunye neSayensiLab abaphandi uJohn Curiel noJack R. Williams bapapashe uhlalutyo lweziphumo zonyulo Washington Post (2/27/20). I isifundo yathunyelwa yi-CEPR ukubonisa ukuba uhlalutyo lwayo lunokuqinisekiswa ngokuzimeleyo. Abaphandi be-MIT bagqibe kwelokuba "akukho nabuphi na ubungqina bobuqhetseba esinokubufumana," kwaye "uhlalutyo lweenkcukacha-manani lwe-OAS kunye nezigqibo ziya kubonakala ziphosakele kakhulu."
Leyo yindlela yokufunda kodwa ehloniphekileyo kakhulu yokuyibeka. I-OAS yenze ngokuphindaphindiweyo amabango ezibalo malunga nonyulo lwaseBolivia awayebubuxoki ngokucacileyo. Ngokwabantu abaqhelekileyo, oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuxoka.
Ubuxoki be-OAS bungqineke buyingozi kubantu baseBolivia kwaye buyonakalisa idemokhrasi yabo, kodwa i-OAS yakuphepha konke ukuphendula kuba, xa ibaluleke kakhulu, imidiya yeshishini yayikhusela ekuhlolweni. Phakathi konyulo luka-Oktobha kunye ne-26 kaDisemba, Reuters ishicilelwe 128 amanqaku malunga nemeko yezopolitiko eBolivia ukuba zonke aziphumelelanga ukukhankanya iinzame zokufumana i-OAS ukurhoxisa ibango layo leenkcukacha-manani. Endaweni yoko, Reuters waliphinda elo bango amaxesha amaninzi ngaphandle kokuthandabuza (FAIR.org, 12/19/19).
Kwiintsuku emva konyulo, i Washington Post ibhodi yokuhlela (10/24/19) icaphule ngokungagxekiyo i-OAS ivakalisa โinkxalabo nokumangala malunga notshintsho olukhulu nokunzima ukuluthethelela kumkhwa weziphumo zokuqala.โ Umhleli wongeze ukuba "iSebe leState [laseMelika] likhuphe umyalezo ofanayo," ngokungathi oko konyusa ukuthembeka kwe-OAS. Ngomhla emva kokuba uMorales ebalekile, i- isikhundla (11/11/19) kwalandela elinye inqaku lomhleli elinomxholo othi โIBolivia Isengozini Yokuwela Kwisiphithiphithi. Yimpazamo ka-Evo Morales. "
ukuba isikhundla Ibhodi yokuhlela ibisazi nantoni na malunga nokugxekwa okukrakra efunyenwe yi-OAS, yahlala ithe cwaka ngayo. Kwaye eneneni kunokwenzeka ukuba amalungu ebhodi yokuhlela ayazi nto, ukuba bathembele kwingxelo yephepha labo. I isikhundlaInjini yokukhangela ivelisa amanqaku alishumi kuphela ukusukela kunyulo lwango-Oktobha 20 oluqulathe amagama athi "Bolivia," "Morales" kunye ne "OAS." Zimbini kuphela ezo zikhankanyiweyo nakuphi na ukugxekwa kwe-OAS: Omnye nguNovemba 19 op-ed by UGabriel Hetland (11/19/19), enye isiqwenga isikhundla esandula kupapashwa ngabaphandi beMIT (2/27/20).
NgoDisemba 2, i Guardian upapashe ileta isayinwe ngoosoqoqosho abangama-98 kunye nabezibalo becela i-OAS ukuba ihoxise amabango ayo angeyonyani. Ikhefu elinjalo ngokuthula kwiinzame zeCEPR zokubamba i-OAS iphendule zazinqabile kakhulu. Nditsho a Guardian iqhutywe nguHetland owayechase ubhukuqo-mbuso (11/13/19) ukhankanye amabango e-OAS malunga nonyulo ngaphandle kokuthetha nantoni na malunga nokugxekwa abafumene kwi-CEPR.
Kanye nje isikhundla, kusuku emva kokuba uMorales ebalekile eBolivia, i ENew York Times ibhodi yokuhlela (11/11/19) ichaze ubhukuqo-mbuso njengenyathelo eliyingozi kodwa eliyimfuneko ekubuyiseleni idemokhrasi:
Ukugxothwa ngenkani kwenkokeli enyuliweyo kukubuyisela umva idemokhrasi, kwaye ke ngoko ngumzuzu womngcipheko. Kodwa xa inkokeli ibhenela ekusebenziseni kakubi amandla kunye namaziko abekwe phantsi kolawulo lwayo ngabavoti, njengoko wenzayo uMongameli Evo Morales eBolivia, nguye ochitha ukuba semthethweni kwakhe, kwaye ukumnyanzela ukuba aphume kudla ngokuba yeyona ndlela iseleyo. Yiloo nto eyenziwa ngabantu baseBolivia, kwaye into eseleyo kukuba nethemba lokuba uMnu. Morales uya elubhacweni eMexico aze ancede iBolivia ibuyisele idemokhrasi eyonzakeleyo.
Njengaye isikhundla, i Maxesha Amalungu ebhodi yokuhlela ayengenalwazi (okanye engakhathazeki) malunga ne-OAS ngokuphindaphindiweyo exoka malunga nonyulo. I Maxesha kutshanje ipapashe inqaku leendaba (2/28/20) malunga nabaphandi be-MIT abagatya ubuxoki be-OAS. Eli nqaku lathi abaphandi "bangene kwingxoxo eshushu yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe malunga nokuba semthethweni kukaMnu. Loo ngxoxo โyoyikekayoโ yangcwatywa ngamajelo eendaba xa yayinokuthi ithintele ubhukuqo-mbuso. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngoku Reuters (3/1/20) uye wachaza ngokucacileyo isifundo seMIT.
Ukuthukutheliswa bubuxoki bayo emva kwexesha elithile ukufumana ukugxekwa okuphakamileyo, i-OAS Phendule ngomsindo kwisifundo. Abaphandi bajonga enye kuphela yezityholo ezenziweyo, i-OAS yakhalaza, yathi ezinye "izitenxo" ziqinisekisa uvavanyo lwayo lonyulo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, i-OAS ikwathe iyaqhubeka "ukuma ngaku" uhlalutyo lwayo lweenkcukacha-manani.
Lonke unyulo lunezinto "ezitenxileyo" kunye "nobuthathaka," njengoko nawuphi na umvoti wase-US kufuneka azi kakuhle. Oko akuthetheleli ngokuzenzekelayo ukulahla iziphumo kwinkunkuma. Ukuba bekunjalo, naluphi na unyulo lwalunokungahlonelwa ngokungekho sikweni ngabahloli abanganyanisekanga. Ngaphezu koko, CEPR wenza idilesi ezinye izityholo, kunikezelo-ntetho i-OAS yalile ukuyivumela ukuba yenze (FAIR.org, 12/19/19).
Ngeli nqanaba, ingxelo ye-OAS malunga nonyulo lwaseBolivia kufuneka ilahlwe, ngaphandle kwenjongo yophando oluthembekileyo malunga nendlela umsebenzi onjalo onyantisayo owake wenziwa ngayo-kwaye ubhengezwe ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kwaye uguqukele kwisiphumo esibi. Kwihlabathi elinobulungisa, imisebenzi iya kulahleka, kwaye uNobhala Jikelele we-OAS uLuis Almagro uya kurhoxa. Kodwa xa unabahloli bonyulo bajonge kurhulumente wase-US, kunye nemithombo yeendaba ezimiseleyo ukubagubungela, ngamagosa anyulwe ngokufanelekileyo kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo afuna ukoyika ezo ntlobo zeziphumo-kwaye zimbi kakhulu.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela