Abantu base-Ecuador baya kuvoto nge-7 kaFebruwari ukunyula umongameli omtsha, usekela-mongameli kunye neNdlu yoWiso-mthetho. Kwiveki ephambi konyulo, a ithunyelwe ngokubanzi Reuters inqaku (1/29/21) ngo Aleksandra valencia kunye nentatheli esekwe eVenezuela UBrian Ellsworth Ucacisile ukuba "ukulangazelela amaxesha angcono phantsi kowayesakuba ngumongameli oshiyekileyo uRafael Correa uye watyhalela phambili enye yeeprotestanti zakhe." Umxhasi ekuthethwa ngawo nguAndrés Arauz, ingcali yezoqoqosho eneminyaka engama-36 ubudala eyayiyinxalenye yeqela lezoqoqosho likarhulumente waseCorrea, kuquka nentloko yebhanki enguvimba wayo, kwiminyaka elishumi eyayise-ofisini (2007–17).
Ubuxoki bokungenzi nto Reuters Ukugubungela kwezopolitiko zaseLatin America (FAIR.org, 12/17/19, 6/14/19). Eli nqaku lalinjalo. Akuzange kukhankanywe kwinqaku ukuba uArauz wayekho phantse ayivumelekanga kwivoti kwaphela.
Njengoko bendichazile ngo-Agasti (FAIR.org, 8/17/20), kule minyaka mine idlulileyo, amahlakani aseCorrea awazange avunyelwe ukuba abhalise njengeqela elitsha lezopolitiko, kwaye kuye kwafuneka abhenele ekuqhubeni phantsi kwebhena yamaqela esele ekho. Iziphumo zonyulo ziqinisekisiwe kwakhona (njengoko kwenzekile unyulo lwengingqi ngo-2019) ukuba amahlakani ezopolitiko aseCorrea ngawo amandla amakhulu ezopolitiko elizweni. Ngaba i-CNE yayiza kuphumelela njani ukubanqabela iqela labo? Kutheni Reuters usilela ukuyikhankanya, ungaze uyiphonononge, loo nto ibaluleke kakhulu?
Ngo-Agasti, i-CNE yayinayo ivalwe ngempumelelo elinye lamaqela asebenzisana neCorreaists, iqhinga eliphantse laphumelela ukukhupha uArauz—umgqatswa osandul’ ukuphumelela kumjikelo wokuqala wonyulo ngeepesenti ezili-13 ngaphezu koyena mntu usondeleyo kuye. Ngo-Oktobha 30, nge iivoti ezintathu ezixhasayo kwaye ezimbini azizange ziphume, IBhunga leSizwe loNyulo (CNE) ekugqibeleni livumele ukunyulwa kuka-Arauz. Sekunjalo, kwiveki ngaphambi konyulo, elinye ilungu le-CNE lenze a umzamo wokugqibela ukuba uArauz angabi nakufaneleka.
I-CNE nayo ivaliwe ukusetyenziswa yomfanekiso kaCorrea kwiintengiso zephulo lika-Arauz, ngenxa yokuba ukugwetywa kukaCorrea ngenxa yorhwaphilizo (ngakumbi malunga nalo ngezantsi) kwalitshitshisa ilungelo lakhe “lokuthatha inxaxheba” kunyulo. (Injani iCorrea umfanekiso ulahlekelwe ngamalungelo ezopolitiko?)
Ngapha koko, iqela elichaswa kakhulu nguCorrea bekunjalo ekwaziyo ukusebenzisa Umfanekiso kaCorrea kwintengiso. Ngaba ibhunga lonyulo lafumanisa ukuba oku kusetyenziswa ngobuqhetseba liqela elingamxhasiyo uCorrreismo kunokutsalela iivoti ezithile kude no-Arauz, ngoko ke kwamkelekile?
I-Progressive International, ababeneqela lababukeli e-Ecuador ngexesha lonyulo, baya kuthi kungekudala iza kupapasha ingxelo echaza iingxaki ezinzulu ngendlela unyulo lwase-Ecuador olwaqhutywa ngayo. Reuters, eyenza iindaba eziphambili ngaphandle kwezigqibo ze-CNE yaseVenezuela ezingakholisi inkcaso exhaswa yi-US, ngokucacileyo ayinakukhathalela into eyenziwa yi-Ecuador's CNE phantsi korhulumente wephiko lasekunene.
Iintlawulo ezingafanelekanga
UValencia kunye no-Ellsworth babhale ukuba uMongameli ophumayo u-Moreno
wonyulwa ngo-2017 elindeleke ukuba aqhubeke nemigaqo-nkqubo yaseCorrea. Kodwa aba babini bakhawuleza bawa njengoko uMoreno wayetyhola owamanduleli wakhe ngobuqhophololo kunye nokuqhuba amatyala ngokungakhathali.
Eli nqaku alitsho ngokucacileyo, kodwa oko kulindelweyo kwavela kwiphulo lonyulo lika-Moreno ngo-2017, xa wayebaleka njengomongameli. uthembekile eCorrea owasebenzisa iminyaka yakhe elishumi kurhulumente waseCorrea (emithandathu njengosekela mongameli kunye neminye emine eseleyo njengommeli okhethekileyo kwiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo) ukuze eyisele abavoti ukuba wayenyanisekile. Kodwa xa sele e-ofisini, uMoreno ngoko nangoko waqala ukupapasha zonke iimbono zomchasi wakhe wasekunene ngo-2017, ibhanki egama linguGuillermo Lasso.
Ibango lokuba uCorrea wayishiya i-Ecuador esematyaleni kakhulu bubuxoki endibhale ngabo (FAIR.org, 10/23/19) kamsinya nje emva koqhanqalazo oluchasene nemigaqo-nkqubo yobungqongqo kaMoreno yashiya abaqhankqalazi abasibhozo befile. Kwaye izityholo zorhwaphilizo zika-Moreno ezichasene neCorrea azikholeleki. Njengoko iZiko elisekelwe eWashington loPhando loQoqosho noMgaqo-nkqubo lathi Twitter (2/7/21):
Ukuvezwa konyulo lwase-Ecuador namhlanje ihlala ikhankanya ukuba owayesakuba ngumongameli uRafael Correa wagwetywa waza wagwetywa ngezityholo “zorhwaphilizo”. Ulahlekile kule nto: wafunyanwa enetyala "lempembelelo yengqondo" kwiqela lamagosa karhulumente.
I-Interpol iye yakhaba ngezizathu zamalungelo oluntu izicelo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ngurhulumente kaMoreno ukuba abanjwe uCorrea. Amatyala anjalo ukurhabaxa kodwa zininzi kakhulu—ngokoqobo ezininzi zazo ziyaqhubeka-kwaye ziqhutywa ngabakwaMoreno ukupakishwa kwenkundla kunye namanye amagunya olawulo.
Umhlaba wemithombo yeendaba ulaphuke
Okubaluleke ngokulinganayo, xa uMoreno engcatsha intshukumo yeCorreaist, kwangoko wazisa amajelo eendaba ukuba alungelelaniswe nemithombo yeendaba yabucala eyayisoloko ihlasela iCorrea. Udliwanondlebe lukamabonakude kuzwelonke kunye no-Moreno olwenzeka kwangoko kwithuba lakhe lwalutyhila kakhulu indlela amajelo osasazo oluntu aye adityaniswa ngayo nemithombo yeendaba yabucala (I-counterpunch, 1/31/18).
Okumangalisayo kukuba, uArauz wangena kuqala 33% yevoti ngoFebruwari 7, nangona 100% yeendaba kazwelonke-level Ecuador nxamnye naye. Loo nto ayilophawu lwedemokhrasi esempilweni; indawo yeendaba ethe tyaba ikhuthaza ukunganyaniseki okucacileyo. A ileta ngoosoqoqosho abangama-40 abavela kwihlabathi jikelele bagxeka ubuxoki obungenazintloni be-Ecuadorian media malunga nesikhundla sika-Arauz ekugcineni idola yaseMelika njengemali yase-Ecuador.
I-monoculture yemidiya echasene ne-Correa kule minyaka mine idlulileyo inceda ekuchazeni ukuziphatha kakubi kwe-CNE, kodwa kunye nonobhala wekhabhinethi ka-Moreno, uJuan Sebastián Roldán, owasongela ngokuphandle abaviwa baseCorreaist. Kudliwanondlebe lukamabonakude ngo-Agasti (MAXTV kwi-Intanethi, 8/7/20), uRoldán wathi “ngumngcipheko omkhulu wokuba ngumgqatswa weCorreaist, kuba inkqubo yezobulungisa iya kuwajonga abo bangekabaleki okanye abangekagwetywa.” Ewe, uninzi lwabahlobo abaphambili baseCorrea banayo uvalelwe okanye ugxothelwe elubhacweni.
Reuters Kwakhona wathi ukuba umgqatswa wasekunene uGuillermo Lasso (onokuthi aphume kwindawo yesibini I-0.36 yepesenti yepesenti ukuze afanelekele unyulo oluqhubeke ngo-Epreli) "wonzakele ngumfanekiso wakhe njengomgcini-bhanki ogcina imali." Uye wenzakaliswa yinto yokuba uMoreno uphumeze iqonga lephulo likaLasso lika-2017 (equka Ukucinezelwa kweCorreaists) kule minyaka mine idlulileyo, kwaye ibe yintlekele kumanqanaba amaninzi. Impendulo ye-Ecuador kwindyikityha ye-Covid-19 yayingenabuchule kangangokuba, ngokusekwe ekufeni okugqithisileyo ngomntu ngamnye, iphakathi imbi kakhulu emhlabeni.
UMoreno ngoku une malunga ne I-7% yokuvunywa kwereyithingi. Loo nto ayikhange imthintele ekubeni enze isifungo, kutsha nje Miami Herald op-ed (1/31/21), ukusebenza ukurhwebesha uqoqosho lwase-Ecuador ngokuqinileyo kunye neWashington de kube “lusuku lwakhe lokugqibela eofisini.” Ngapha koko, ngoku uzama ukwenza ibhanki ephakathi yase-Ecuador yabucala ngaphambi kokuba kuphele ixesha lakhe (Reuters, 2/8/21).
Emva koloyiso luka-Arauz, igqwetha likaMoreno lenza umboniso ebonakala kunye neqabane lakhe laseColombia ukufumana ulwazi malunga nezityholo ezisasazwa ngu imidiya yabucala ukuba uArauz wayexhaswa ngemali yiELN, iqela labavukeli baseColombia. Ibali lihlekisa, njengoko I-Progressive International kwaye abanye ikhonjwe ngaphandle phambi kokuba abatshutshisi abavela kumazwe angabamelwane badibana. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuye kwavutha intelekelelo echulumancisayo phakathi kwephiko lasekunene le-Ecuador ukuba uArauz usenokungavunyelwa ukuba aphume kunyulo oluqhubekekayo. Umntu akanakubagxeka ngokuba nemincili. Izityholo zasendle exhaswa ngamaziko osasazo amakhulu kunye a inkqubo yezomthetho iqhekezwe nguMoreno zibe zizixhobo ezisebenzayo ngokuchasene nesobunxele kule minyaka mine idlulileyo.
Xa sithetha ngezityholo ezingalawulekiyo, ophumelele kwindawo yesithathu kunyulo, Yaku Pérez, wathetha ngokubalisa kwakhona kwintlanganiso kawonke-wonke noLasso, amagunya onyulo, kunye nabakhi-mkhanyo abasuka kuMbutho waMazwe aseMelika (OAS). Ngexesha lentlanganiso, uYaku Pérez utyholwa uCorrea yokugxuphuleka kwinani levoti “ngolawulo olukude.” Indlela iCorrea inokuyilawula ngayo loo nto kodwa yasilela ukubhalisa iqela lezopolitiko kule minyaka mine idlulileyo ayizange ichazwe. Ngo-2018, uMoreno wayenayo I-CNE ipakishwe nabantu abachasene neCorrea, njengoko izigqibo zayo ukusukela ngoko zibonisile.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, uPérez naye wathi akayi kumangaliswa kukubona uArauz ndigqibele kwindawo yesithathu emva kokubalisa. La mazwi angajikwanga nguPérez akakhankanywanga ngu Reuters kwinqaku malunga nentlanganiso (Reuters, 2/12/21). Kwakhona kungakhankanywanga ngulo Pérez ivume iLasso in 2017, kwaye Lasso wathi yena uya kumxhasa uPérez nxamnye neArawuzi kugqatso olubalekayo.
Ukongeza, nabani na ongathembeli kumajelo eendaba aseNtshona ngeendaba malunga neLatin America uya kukhwankqiswa kakhulu ngamagosa e-OAS abandakanyeka kunyulo lwase-Ecuador. Amabango obuxoki amagosa e-OAS aphembelela ubhukuqo-mbuso oluxhaswa yi-US eBolivia ngoNovemba ka-2019 (FAIR.org, 12/17/19).
Musa ukujonga ngasemva
Isihlokwana ku-a ENew York Times uhlalutyo (2/7/21) kunyulo lwase-Ecuador uthe, "Ilizwe, elijongene nobhubhane kunye nokudodobala koqoqosho, libona ingxoxo yezopolitiko ijikeleza kwilifa lenkokeli ekudala ihambile."
Esi sisikhalazo esimangalisayo, xa ishumi leminyaka likaCorrea eofisini laphela kwiminyaka emine eyadlulayo. Ngaphezu koko, iingxoxo zezopolitiko zihlala malunga nokuba ngabavoti kufuneka bafunde ntoni kwixesha elidlulileyo. E-US, oko kudla ngokubandakanya iingxoxo malunga nokuba iiFramers zazifuna ntoni kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo xa babebhala umgaqo-siseko. Thetha ngeenkokeli “esele zihambile”.
Ukubekela ecaleni ingxabano yobudenge kunye nokuzithoba Maxesha wakhetha ukugqamisa, inqaku liphindaphinda yonke into Reuters' ubuxoki bokungenzi. Kodwa ke Maxesha uthobe ezantsi. Icaphule u-Moreno ngokungathi ungumguquli wedemokhrasi obekekileyo, wasilela ngumvoti ongaboni ngasonye nabangakhanyiselwanga:
Kwaye eCuba, eNicaragua naseVenezuela, iinkokeli ezazifudula zidumileyo okanye abalandeli bazo baye balutyeshela unyulo olukhululekileyo nolunobulungisa ngokupheleleyo ukuze baqhubele phambili ulawulo lwabo.
Umntu ongene ezihlangwini zikaMnu. Correa kunye nowayesakuba ngusekela mongameli, uLenín Moreno, ufuna ukubona i-Ecuador isaphula oku kubumba, besithi iinkokeli ezibambe ngamandla amandla azikho mpilweni kwidemokhrasi.
"I-eternalizing of power, ngelishwa, ikhokelela abo bayisebenzisayo ukuba bafumane ububi, obuthe ngaphezu kwesinye isihlandlo siphelile ngorhwaphilizo kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho oluchasene noluntu," utshilo uMnu. “Xa ixesha lakho liphela, inkokeli kufuneka ithi, 'Kulungile, kwanele.'”…
UMnu. Moreno wakhetha ukungafuni unyulo kwakhona, kwaye wabuyisela imida yamaxesha kamongameli epheliswe nguMnu. Correa. Ulawulo lwakhe luqhube nophando lorhwaphilizo olwakhokelela ekugwetyweni kowayesakuba ngumongameli kunye nokuvalelwa entolongweni abaphathiswa bakhe abasibhozo. Kodwa amanyathelo angqongqo kaMnu. Moreno amenza ukuba angathandwa kakhulu, eshiya abantu abaninzi base-Ecuador bekhala ngokubuya kukaMnu. Correa.
Oorhulumente baseVenezuela naseNicaragua baboniswa njengengcinezelo naxa benyamezela inkcaso yabavukeli exhaswa yiWashington (FAIR.org, 4/23/18, 8/23/18). Kodwa ukunyaniseka kuka-Moreno kunye nokuzinikela kwakhe kwidemokhrasi (nokuba zithini na iinyani) azinakuthandabuza Maxesha, kuba wayezithobile eWashington, ii-oligarchs zendawo kunye nemithombo yeendaba abanayo. U-Moreno uvalela abachasi bezopolitiko, awabancoma esibhakabhakeni xa ebafuna ukuba bafumane amandla ngo-2017, bubungqina bomntu ophilileyo. Maxesha-hayi ubungqina bokuba uMoreno ngumntu ogxekayo ojongela phantsi idemokhrasi. Ukuthembeka kukaMoreno kunye ne Maxesha wayengonakaliswa yinto yokuba wabetha intshinga kwinkululeko yeendaba kwihlabathi jikelele ukuphatha kakubi kwaye ekugqibeleni ukugxotha WikiLeaksUJulian Assange ovela kumzi wozakuzo wase-Ecuador eLondon.
UMoreno wayeyiCorreaist xa kwakulula ukuba ngomnye. Akunjalo ngo-Arauz, ngubani Maxesha (2/7/21) wafuna ukuphoxa “njengengcali yezoqoqosho engaziwayo” eyayiza kulandela imiyalelo kaCorrea (ngokuchaseneyo nokwabelana ngeenkolelo zakhe). Ukuba ufunda udliwanondlebe lwam noArauz (Uluhlu lwezahlulo, 5/15/18, 11/13/18, 7/1/20), usenokugqiba ukuba eneneni ziintatheli zequmrhu ezihlala ziziphatha (ngokuqaphela okanye ngenye indlela) njengoonodoli babaqeshi babo abazizityebi.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela