Umthombo: FAIR
I-IMF iyala i-5 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwimali-mboleko engxamisekileyo eVenezuela, iyodwa nje, kuthetheleleka “umbulali” kaMaduro kunye “nesixhobo se-impiriyalizim yase-US” ngokuchasene nengxowa-mali.
Ifoto nguStringerAL
An I-Press Associated inqaku (ENew York Times, 3/17/20) enesihloko esithi "I-IMF iyalikhaba iBhidi likaMaduro kwiMali-mboleko eNgxamisekileyo yokulwa neNtsholongwane" yabhengeza:
Isicelo simalunga nobuso bukaMaduro, owala iminyaka ukwabelana ngedatha yezoqoqosho kunye nombolekisi waseWashington kwaye kwinyanga ephelileyo wayigxeka njengesixhobo se-imperialism yase-US. Kwixesha elidlulileyo uye wabiza i-IMF ngokuba “ngumbulali” ofunxa igazi onoxanduva lokuphosa izigidi zabantu kwintlupheko kulo lonke elaseLatin America.
Esi sicelo sasingeyonto "emalunga nobuso" kuMongameli waseVenezuela uNicolás Maduro, kuba yayiluhlobo olufanayo mboleko yokunceda kwintlekele I-International Monetary Fund (IMF) yanika i-Ecuador ngo-2016 phantsi koMongameli wangaphambili uRafael Correa, omnye umgxeki we-IMF ocacileyo, emva kwenyikima enkulu. Imali-mboleko yayingeyiyo enye ye-IMF u ngcolisa “imali-mboleko yohlengahlengiso” enyanzelisa uluhlu lwemigaqo-nkqubo yoqoqosho lwasekunene olufana nokuthotywa kwerhafu kwabatyebileyo, ukuthengiswa kwempahla karhulumente kunye nokudendwa kwecandelo likarhulumente.
I-IMF iyala i-5 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwimali-mboleko engxamisekileyo eVenezuela, iyodwa nje, kuthetheleleka “umbulali” kaMaduro kunye “nesixhobo se-impiriyalizim yase-US” ngokuchasene nengxowa-mali.
I-IMF yathi iyala imali mboleko kuba "akukho ngcaciso" malunga nokuba "uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe" luyamqonda urhulumente kaMaduro. Esi sizathu somthetho sifanelekile, kuba urhulumente kaMaduro ulawula kwaye ke kuphela kwequmrhu elibekwe ukuba liphendule kubhubhane ngenyathelo lokusindisa ubomi. Kodwa kukho ezinye iingxaki ezimbini ezinkulu kunye nesizathu, akukho nanye kuzo ezikhankanywe ngu AP.
Okokuqala, ngokuchaseneyo nebango le-IMF, kukho ukucaca okukhulu ukuba "uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe" luyamqonda urhulumente kaMaduro. Kwiinyanga ezintlanu ezidlulileyo, iNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yavotela urhulumente kaMaduro kwiBhunga lamaLungelo oLuntu ngeevoti ezili-105. Limalunga nenani eliphindwe kabini lamazwe ahamba kunye ne-US ekwaleni ukuvuma uMaduro ("ngaphezu kwama-50," ngokutsho AP inqaku). Njengoko Reuters (10/17/20) ingxelo ngexesha lokuvota kweNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, iVenezuela iphumelele isihlalo nangona "inyanzeliso eqatha" ngokuchasene nayo yiWashington. I AP kunye nezinye iindawo zasentshona zinika ingxelo ngenani lamazwe angamqapheliyo urhulumente kaMaduro (oko kukuthi, ahamba noTrump), kodwa angaze ukuba uninzi lwamazwe angamalungu e-UN amqonde ngokucacileyo uMaduro-kwaye amnike newonga lesihlalo. iqumrhu lamazwe ngamazwe elinempembelelo.
Enye ingxaki enkulu ngesizathu se-IMF sokwala imali mboleko yayikukuba ngo-2002, xa uMongameli waseVenezuela u-Hugo Chávez wagxothwa ngokufutshane kubhukuqo-mbuso lwasemkhosini oluxhaswa yi-US, i-IMF yakhawuleza ukuya kubonelela ngemali mboleko kulawulo lobuzwilakhe olufakelweyo. Ubuzwilakhe obukhokelwa yinkokeli yeshishini uPedro Carmona yamkelwa phantse ukuba alikho elinye ilizwe emhlabeni ngaphandle kwe-US. UCarmona wayenamandla iintsuku ezimbini kuphela, kodwa i-IMF yakwazi ukuphuma mazwi besithi “ikulungele ukunceda abalawuli abatsha ngayo nayiphi na indlela abayibona ifanelekile.” Isithethi se-IMF esithe, UThomas Dawson, ukwaligosa lase-US kunye neSebe lezeMali. Enyanisweni, nokuba AP Inqaku elimalunga nokukhatywa kwe-IMF kwisicelo sikaMaduro lithi i-US "ngoyena mnini sabelo mkhulu kwaye inoveto kwizigqibo ezinkulu."
Washington's malunga nobuso' kuncedo
Ngelixa isicelo soncedo sasingeyonto enkulu “ngobuso” kurhulumente waseMaduro, ukwala kwaba lutshintsho olukhulu kwiMafioso-efana “noncedo lwethu okanye ngenye indlela” urhulumente wase-US wathatha ukuya eVenezuela kuphela kunyaka ophelileyo.FAIR.org, 2/9/19). Nge-23 kaFebruwari 2019, iWashington yazama ukutyhala “uncedo loluntu” eVenezuela ngomda wayo neColombia. Ngelo xesha, Reuters, njengamashishini amaninzi aseNtshona, avelisa izihloko ezinje nge "US ifuna iindlela zokufumana uncedo eVenezuela: umthunywa" (2/14/19), “uMaduro waseVenezuela uqalisa ukuvala imida ukuvala uNcedo loLuntu” (2/21/19) kunye “Emva koNcedo loNcedo lwaseVenezuela, uMaduro Ujongana ‘nongqingo lweDiplomatic’” (2/24/19). A CBC intloko (2/16/19) iya ku Reuters Ingxelo ifundeka ngolu hlobo, "Uncedo lwaseVenezuela lufika kumda njengoko uMaduro ethembisa ukuvala ukungena."
Injongo yeWashington yayikukusebenzisa olu ncedo ukubhukuqa uMaduro. Ithemba yayikukuba umkhosi waseVenezuela wawungawuchasanga umyalelo kaMaduro wokumisa “uncedo” lonikezelo, okanye ukuba isenzo esithile sobundlobongela emdeni siza kuvuselela imvukelo. Amagosa aphezulu aseUnited States ngelo xesha akazifihlanga kwaphela iinjongo zawo. Omnye wabacebisi abaphezulu bakaTrump, uJohn Bolton ogxothiweyo ngoku, I-tamil:
Naziphi na izenzo zomkhosi waseVenezuela zokuvumela okanye ukuphembelela ubundlobongela kubantu abanoxolo kwimida yaseColombia naseBrazil aziyi kulityalwa. Iinkokeli zisenexesha lokwenza ukhetho olufanelekileyo.
USenja wase-US uMarco Rubio ukhethe ukugrogrisa ngokungafihlisiyo iintsapho zamagosa aphezulu omkhosi waseVenezuela ngokunjalo (Twitter, 2/20/19):
.@Ivanr_HD kufuneka ucinge ngononophelo malunga nezenzo ozithathayo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezizayo e #Venezuela. Kuba izenzo zakho ziya kugqiba indlela ochitha ngayo ubomi bakho bonke.
Ngaba ngokwenene ufuna ukunyaniseka ngakumbi ku-#Maduro kunosapho lwakho?
Ubuxoki obune obukhulu basetyenziswa ukubonisa eli linge lobhukuqo-mbuso njengothumo loncedo loluntu, kunye neendawo zaseNtshona ezifana Reuters kwaye i Miami Herald zithengisiwe zonke (FAIR 2/12/19):
- UMaduro akazange, njengoko kutyholwa, athintele uncedo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Wayeyicelile ukusukela ngo-2017 kwaye wala, kodwa, kwiinyanga ngaphambi koncedo, iVenezuela yayifumana uncedo kwi-UN kunye noMnqamlezo oBomvu.
- Impembelelo eyonakalisayo yezohlwayo zase-US kwiVenezuela yanciphisa amandla karhulumente waseMaduro okungenisa ukutya kunye nezinto ezinxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo ngeebhiliyoni zeedola. Loo nto yalenza lincinane ixabiso “loncedo” (an Qi kelelwa I-20 yezigidi zeedola) ukuba i-US yayifuna ukungena eVenezuela.
- Ukunyulwa kwakhona kukaMaduro ngo-2018 kwakungekho nkohliso (FAIR.org, 5/23/18). Yiyo loo nto ukwamkelwa kweWashington uJuan Guaidó njengo "mongameli wethutyana" waseVenezuela yayibubudenge. UGuaidó, ummeli ochasayo, akakaze abe ngumgqatswa kunyulo lukamongameli.
- Kwakungekho ngqiqweni ukuba urhulumente kaMaduro akrokre ukuba "uncedo" oluxhaswa yi-US lunokusetyenziselwa ukuthubelezisa izixhobo eVenezuela. Umthunywa okhethekileyo kaTrump waseVenezuela, u-Elliott Abrams, wayebandakanyeka ekwenzeni ngokuchanekileyo loo nto ukuxhobisa abanqolobi eNicaragua ngeminyaka yee-1980.
Uphononongo olwenziwa ngabaphengululi bezoqoqosho baseMelika uMark Weisbrot kunye noJeffrey Sachs babonise ukuba ukubekwa kukaTrump kwizohlwayo ezibanzi zemali ngo-2017 kunokubangela ukufa kwabantu abangama-40,000 ekupheleni kuka-2018 kuphela.FAIR.org, 6/14/19). UTrump uye womeleza ngokuphindaphindiweyo izohlwayo esele zibulala ukusukela oko waqonda uGuaidó njengomongameli wethutyana ngoJanuwari ka-2019 (Reuters, 1/28/19, 6/6/19, 2/18/20).
Konke oku kwakwenza kwacaca ukuba inkxalabo karhulumente wase-US yayichasene noko wayeyibanga: Wayesoloko efuna ukuba imeko yobuntu yaseVenezuela ibe mbi ngakumbi, ingabi ngcono. Ukwaliwa kwemali mboleko ye-IMF njengoko i-coronavirus ebulalayo isasazeka ibeka amanqaku ambalwa kuloo nyaniso. Kodwa musa ukukhangela i-flurry Reuters Iintloko-ndaba ezithi "uTrump uvala i-5 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zeMali-mboleko ye-IMF eNgxamisekileyo ekufikeleleni eVenezuela ngexesha lobhubhani." Reuters kubonakala ngathi akukhange kuxelwe nokukhatywa kwemali-mboleko ngesiNgesi, ukusukela nge-24 kaMatshi Reuters inqaku (3/19/20) ukhankanye isicelo saseVenezuela, kodwa kungekhona ukuba i-IMF yayisele yalile.
The Washington Post ibhodi yokuhlela (3/20/20) wakhalimela uMaduro ngokucela imali-mboleko kwi-IMF “ekumele ukuba wayesazi ukuba iya kwaliwa.” Ewe, kubi kangakanani uMaduro ukubhenca uhanahaniso olungenamda kunye nenkohlakalo yorhulumente wangaphandle ozama ukumbhukuqa. I isikhundla emva koko wenza ngathi uMaduro ngandlela thile unyanzela uTrump ukuba agcine "izohlwayo ezikrwitsha imveliso yeoli yaseVenezuela" ngokwala "ukulalanisa" noGuaidó.
Urhulumente wase-Iran ucele imali mboleko ye-IMF kaxakeka ukulwa le ntsholongwane (Reuters, 3/12/20). Akukho mpendulo okwangoku evela kwingxowa-mali njengoko ndibhala oku, kodwa ENew York Times ingxelo (3/21/20) ukuba amagosa kaTrump ebexoxa ngokuba ibhombu i-Iran njengoko isokola ngentsholongwane kwaye ikhubaza izohlwayo zase-US. Eso sizathu esaneleyo sokuncoma isicelo sikarhulumente waseMaduro sokuba neNkundla yamaZwe ngamaZwe (ICC) kuphanda urhulumente wase-US ngolwaphulo-mthetho olunxamnye noluntu ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwakhe izohlwayo.
Okwangoku, amathuba okuphumelela ekuziseni amagosa ase-US kwezomthetho akude kakhulu. Unobhala welizwe lase-US uPompeo uye esongelwa ngokuphandle ukukhanyela ii-visa kwiintsapho zeejaji ze-ICC ukuba zizame amajoni ase-US kulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe e-Afghanistan. Abaxoleli base-US kumajelo aseNtshona banomsebenzi wabo, kodwa imbali ibonisa ukuba baya kuhla baye kulo msebenzi. Ukungqina eso Sihogo kufanele zikhona, Eli Lake wabhala a Bloomberg op-ed (3/22/20) enesihloko esithi "I-coronavirus ayisosizathu sokuphakamisa izohlwayo e-Iran."
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela