Ukuba ucinga ukuba uyivile yonke malunga nohanahaniso lwama-impiriyali ase-US, ubuxoki, ubuqhetseba, kunye nokulinda ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi. Kukho ngaphezulu.
Namhlanje urhulumente wase-US ubetha amagubu emfazwe yangaphambi kwe-Iraq. Umongameli uBush enxibe ngokungakhathaliyo kwiholide yakhe yaseTexas eyinyanga, uthetha nje "ngotshintsho lolawulo" e-Baghdad-intetho yohlaselo lwase-US olunokuthi lubize amashumi amawaka obomi base-Iraq.
Ubuhle kunye nokubi kwezicwangciso zedabi ezahlukeneyo-njenge-blitzkrieg "yangaphakathi" e-Baghdad ene-50,000 ukuya kwi-100,000 yamajoni ase-US kunye nokuhlaselwa kweenqwelomoya ezinkulu-zixoxwa esidlangalaleni, kwaye ngokungenazintloni, zixoxwe kumajelo eendaba. Kwaye iThe New York Times inike ingxelo (ye-19 ka-Agasti) "iimpawu zokuqala ezibonakalayo zokwakhiwa kwe-Iraq."
Akukho bungqina buveliswe ukuba i-Iraq inokusongela ngezempi i-US, okanye inento yokwenza noSeptemba 11. Ukanti abo balawula ubukhosi base-US basafuna intloko kaSaddam. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba, bathi, urhulumente kaHussein uzama ukufumana "izixhobo zokutshabalalisa" - kwaye ubonise ukuzimisela ukuzisebenzisa. Amagosa kaBush aphindaphinda ukucaphula ukusetyenziswa kwe-Iraq yerhasi enetyhefu kwi-1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War njengobungqina - kunye nezizathu zokuhlaselwa.
Ngoku i-Times iveze ukuba xa urhulumente wase-Iraq wasebenzisa izixhobo zekhemikhali ngokuchasene nemikhosi yase-Iranian kunye nabemi bayo baseKurdish, urhulumente wase-US wayekho - encedisa kwaye exhasa!
I-Times ("Amagosa athi i-US iNcedisa i-Iraq emfazweni Ngaphandle Kokusetyenziswa kweGesi," i-8/18/02) yabika ukuba, ngokutsho kwamagosa aphezulu omkhosi anolwazi oluthe ngqo ngenkqubo eyimfihlo, amagosa ase-US "abonelele nge-Iraq uncedo olubalulekileyo lokucwangcisa idabi e-Iraq. ixesha apho ii-arhente zobuntlola zaseMelika zazisazi ukuba abaphathi baseIraq baya kusebenzisa izixhobo zekhemikhali ekulweni amadabi emfazwe yase-Iran-Iraq.
Kudala kwaziwa ukuba i-US yanika i-Iraq ubukrelekrele besathelayithi kunye nenye inkxaso yasemkhosini ukunqanda uloyiso lwaseIran. Yintoni entsha kwibali le-Times bubungakanani bokubandakanyeka kwe-US: "Ngaphezu kwe-60 yamagosa e-Arhente yezobuntlola kwezoKhuseleko [DIA] ebenikezela ngokufihlakeleyo ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nokuthunyelwa kwe-Iranian, ukucwangciswa kobuchule kwamadabi, izicwangciso zokuhlaselwa kweenqwelomoya kunye novavanyo lomonakalo webhombu e-Iraq. .โ
Le nkqubo yePentagon yaqhubeka kwanaxa kwacaca ukuba umkhosi wase-Iraq "unezixhobo zekhemikhali ezidityanisiweyo kuyo yonke indawo yomkhosi wabo kwaye ubongeza ukuba babethe izicwangciso abacebisi baseMelika abalungiselele okanye bacetyiswe." Intsingiselo ecacileyo-engatsalwanga yi-Times - kukuba izicwangciso zase-US zakhiwe ngolwazi lokuba i-Iraq iya kusebenzisa izixhobo zekhemikhali. UBob Woodward waseWashington Post uxele kakhulu (12/15/86): ngo-1984 iCIA yaqalisa ukunika i-Iraq ubukrelekrele eyayibusebenzise โukulinganisaโ uhlaselo lwayo lwegesi yemostade ngokuchasene nemikhosi yaseIran. Kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu base-Irani abangama-50,000 babulawa yimfazwe yegesi yaseIraq. ( UBruce Jentleson, kunye nabahlobo abafana naba - uReagan, Bush, kunye noSaddam, 1982-1990, iphe. 77)
Elinye igosa le-DIA laxelela i-Times ukuba iPentagon โayikothuswanga kangako kukusebenzisa igesi kwe-Iraq. Yayiyenye nje indlela yokubulala abantu โ nokuba kungembumbulu okanye iphosgene, akuzange yenze mahluko.โ Elinye igosa lezobuntlola laseMelika lathi, "Ukusetyenziswa kwerhasi kwibala ledabi ngama-Iraqis ibingengomcimbi wenkxalabo enzulu." IThe Times ihlabela mgama isithi, โInto ababeyixhalabele abancedi bakaMnu.
Ngamanye amazwi, abalawuli base-US abanangxaki ngezixhobo zekhemikhali kunye nokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi-ukuba nje besebenzela iimfuno zabo zobuchule.
Izityhilelo zeXesha โ Ukukrwela umphezulu
Isityhilelo se-Times sinokuyothusa, kodwa sikrwempa kuphela umphezulu wezenzo ezigxekayo, ezinobuqhophololo, nezokubulala ezenziwa yi-US ngexesha lemfazwe yase-Iran-Iraq. Ibali elibi ngokulinganayo linokuba yindlela i-US enokuthi incede ngayo ukuqala imfazwe kwasekuqaleni.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1979, i-Shah yase-Iran, i-gendarme ethembekileyo yase-US yasePersian Gulf, yachithwa. I-Ambassy yase-US e-Tehran yabanjwa ngabafundi abanomkhosi ngoNovemba, kwaye kwinyanga kamva, ngobusuku beKrisimesi, iSoviet Union yahlasela i-Afghanistan engummelwane.
Ezi ziganeko zothusa ukusekwa kwe-US. Bagrogrisa ngokujongela phantsi ukubamba kwayo kwiGulf eneoyile etyebileyo, kwaye mhlawumbi banike abachasi babo baseSoviet inzuzo enkulu yezopolitiko. I-US ihlaselwe, kunye nomphambili omnye (kwaye bebaninzi) kubonakala ngathi ibikhuthaza i-Iraq ukuba ihlasele i-Iran. Iinjongo: ukwenza buthathaka i-Iran kunye nokunciphisa amandla ayo okujongela phantsi abathengi base-US kwi-Gulf, ngelixa idala amathuba okunyusa amandla aseMelika kuwo omabini la mazwe kunye nokwakha ubukho obuthe ngqo be-US emkhosini.
Akumangalisi ukuba amagosa olawulo lweCarter akhanyele ukuba anike i-Iraq "ukukhanya okuluhlaza" ngokuhlaselwa kwayo ngoSeptemba 22, 1980. Ukanti kukho ubungqina bokuba benza kanye loo nto. Ngomhla we-14 ku-Epreli ngo-1980, kwiinyanga ezintlanu ngaphambi kohlaselo lwe-Iraq, uZbigniew Brzezinski, uMcebisi wezoKhuseleko weSizwe kaMongameli uCarter, wabonisa ukuzimisela kwe-US ukusebenzisana ne-Iraq: โAsiboni ukungahambelani okubalulekileyo kwemidla phakathi kwe-United States ne-Iraqโฆ Ubudlelwane baseMelika-Iraq kufuneka buyeke ukuchasana. โ NgoJuni, abafundi baseIran batyhila imemo eyimfihlo evela eBrzezinski ukuya kuNobhala weLizwe ngoko uCyrus Vance ecebisa "ukupheliswa" kweRiphabhliki yamaSilamsi yaseIran ngokusebenzisa abamelwane bayo.
Ngokomongameli wase-Iran ngelo xesha, uAbol Hassan Bani-Sadr, uBrzezinski wadibana ngqo noSaddam Hussein eJordan kwiinyanga ezimbini ngaphambi kohlaselo lwase-Iraq. UBani-Sadr ubhale wathi, "UBrzezinski uqinisekisile uSaddam Hussein ukuba iUnited States ayizukuchasa ukwahlulwa kweKhuzestan (kumazantsi-ntshona eIran) neIran." Umlobi weendaba uRobert Parry unika ingxelo ( Consortiumnews.com, 1/31/96) ukuba kwimemo eyimfihlo ye-1981 eshwankathela uhambo oluya kuMbindi Mpuma, ngoko owayenguNobhala weLizwe u-Al Haig wathi, โKwakuyinto enomdla ukuqinisekisa ukuba uMongameli uCarter wanika. abantu baseIraq balukhanyiso oluluhlaza ukuze baqalise imfazwe nxamnye neIran ngokusebenzisa [iNkosana eyayiza kuba nguKumkani kamva] uFahd.โ
I-Financial Times yaseLondon yabika ukuba i-US idlulise ubukrelekrele besathelayithi kulawulo lukaHussein ngokusebenzisa amazwe esithathu, ekhokelela i-Iraq ukuba ikholelwe ukuba imikhosi yase-Iranian iya kuwa ngokukhawuleza ukuba ihlaselwe (ayizange iyenze). Ke, ngelixa amajelo eendaba e-US ethetha ixesha elide kwaye ekhwaza ngoSaddam Hussein โumdlwenguli onoburhalarhume,โ i-US kusenokwenzeka ukuba yanceda i-Iraq kwimfazwe ende enegazi.
Ukubonelela kunye nokuLawula amacala omabini
INew York Times yayinokuthi ijonge indlela i-US encede ngayo ukuxhobisa i-Iran kunye ne-Iraq, emva koko yazikhohlisa ukuze ziqinisekise ukuba aziphumelelanga luloyiso. Ngowe-1983, elinye igosa laseUnited States lathi, โAsikhathali logama nje ukubulawa kwabantu eIran neIraq kungachaphazeli amahlakani ethu okanye kutshintshe amandla.โ (UDilip Hiro, Eyona Mfazwe inde, iphe. 121)
Ngo-1982, amandla emfazwe aye atshintshela e-Iran, eyayisoyikisa iBasra, isixeko sesibini ngobukhulu e-Iraq. Ngokwengxelo efungelweyo yowe-1995 eyenziwe ngumsebenzi weBhunga loKhuseleko leSizwe laseReagan, uHoward Teicher (owathi urhulumente wase-US wafuna ukuba kutywinwe inkundla ngenxa yezizathu โzokhuseleko lwesizweโ), โNgeNtwasahlobo yowe-1982, iIraq yatshona elucingweni lokuphulukana nemfazwe yayo neIranโฆ. NgoJuni, ngo-1982, uMongameli uReagan wagqiba kwelokuba iUnited Statesโฆ (I-RealHistoryArchives.com)
UTeicher uthi emva kokuba uReagan atyikitye iSikhokelo soKhuseleko lweSizwe oluyimfihlo ngoJuni 1982, โI-United States yawuxhasa ngenkuthalo umzamo wemfazwe wase-Iraq ngokubonelela amaIraq ngeebhiliyoni zeedola zeedola, ngokubonelela ngobukrelekrele bomkhosi wase-US kunye neengcebiso kuma-Iraqis, nangokusondeleyo. ukubeka esweni ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo zelizwe lesithathu eIraq ukuqinisekisa ukuba iIraq inezixhobo zomkhosi ezifunekayo.
Iziqhushumbisi ezichasene nabasebenzi zazithandwa yi-US. "UMlawuli weCIA [uWilliam] Casey wayegxininise kwelokuba iibhombu zeqela zaziyinto egqibeleleyo 'ephindaphinda amandla,' e-Iraq," utshilo uTeicher, kwaye "iCIA igunyazise, โโyamkelwa kwaye yancedisa uCardoen [umthengisi] ekwenzeni nasekuthengiseni iibhombu zeqela kunye ezinye izixhobo eziya eIraq.
Kwisithuba seminyaka esi-8, i-US yanika i-Iraq malunga neebhiliyoni ezi-5 zeerandi kuncedo lwezoqoqosho, kwaye yakhuthaza abo basebenzisana nayo ukuba babonelele ngezixhobo ze-Iraq zeebhiliyoni. AmaBritane athengisa iitanki zase-Iraq, iinxalenye zemijukujelwa kunye nezixhobo zokudubula; amaFrentshi abonelela ngeehowitzers, imijukujelwa ye-Exocet, neMirage jet fighters; kunye namaJamani aseNtshona anikezela ngeteknoloji esetyenziswe kwizityalo zase-Iraqi eziye zavelisa i-nerve kunye negesi yemostade.
I-US ikwabonelela ngokuthe ngqo i-Iraq ngezixhobo zebhayoloji. Umbhali uWilliam Blum ubhala athi ngokweNgxelo yeKomiti yeSenethi yowe-1994, โUkususela ngo-1985, ukuba akunjalo ngaphambili, ukuya kutsho ngo-1989, utywala bokwenene bezinto zebhayoloji zathunyelwa eIraq ngababoneleli babucala baseMelika ngokwesicelo kunye nemvume yeSebe lezoRhwebo lase-US. .โ (I-Counterpunch, 8/20/02)
Umxube obulalayo wawuquka i-anthrax, i-botulism, kunye ne-E. coli bacteria. UBlum wongeza ukuba iNgxelo yeSenate yathi, "ezi ntsholongwane zithunyelwa ngaphandle yi-United States zazifana nezo zafunyanwa ngabahloli beZizwe eziManyeneyo kwaye zasuswa kwinkqubo yemfazwe yase-Iraq."
IQhinga lokuCwangcisa lokuTilts
Ngexesha leMfazwe yase-Iran-Iraq, i-US yajikela kwicala elinye, emva koko, ukuqhubela phambili i-ajenda yayo yonke-ebandakanya ukuzama ukubuyisela impembelelo e-Iran. Imemo kaMeyi ka-1985 yeCIA kuMlawuli uCasey yathi, "Ukuthambekela kwethu e-Iraq kwakufike ngexesha xa i-Iraq yayichasene neentambo kwaye uguquko lwamaSilamsi lwaluphezu komqulu. Ngoku lixesha lokubuyela umva. โโฆ
I-US ngasese yakhuthaza u-Israyeli ukuba athumele izixhobo zase-Iran ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, emva koko yaqala ukubonelela ngezixhobo ngokuthe ngqo kwiRiphabhlikhi yamaSilamsi ngo-1985 njengenxalenye yomcimbi we-Iran-Contra. NgoSeptemba ka-1986, igosa laseReagan u-Oliver North waze wathembisa i-Iran ukuba i-US "inokuzisa impembelelo yethu ukuba inyamezele iintlanga ezithile zama-Arabhu ezinobuhlobo" ukugxotha ulawulo lukaHussein.
Ngaphambilana, ngoFebruwari 1986, ngoxa ezi ngxubusho ziyimfihlo zaziqhubeka, iIran yafumana uloyiso olukhulu ngokuthimba iFao Peninsula yaseIraq. IThe New York Times (1/19/87) inike ingxelo yokuba amagosa aseIraq akholelwa ukuba ukoyiswa kwawo eFao โkubangelwa bubukrelekrele base-US obugwenxa.โ I-Iraq ibone intshukumo yomkhosi wase-Irani, igosa lase-Iraq lathi, kodwa i-US "yahlala isixelela ukuba uhlaselo lwase-Irani lwalungajoliswanga kuFao."
Enyanisweni, "ii-arhente zobuntlola zaseMelika zibonelele i-Iran kunye ne-Iraq ngedatha ephosakeleyo ngabom okanye engachanekanga kwiminyaka yamuva," i-Times ibike (1/12/87). Isizathu, esifakwe kumxholo weTimes othi: โUkugcina Naliphi na Icala Ekuphumeleleni.โ Okanye, njengoko uHenry Kissinger esitsho ngokungakhathaliyo, โkubi kakhulu ukuba abanako ukuphulukana nabo bobabini.โ
Kwincwadi yakhe ethi Veil-The Secret Wars of the CIA 1981-1987, uWoodward ushwankathela iziphumo zokusebenzelana kabini kwe-US: โUkwenza iinkcukacha zobuchule kumacala omabini kubeka i-arhente kwindawo yobunjineli ibe ngumqobo. Oku kwakungeyontsonkotha nje. Imfazwe yayiyeyegaziโฆ.baphantse babesisigidi babulewe, benzakele okanye bathinjwa macala omabini. Lo ibingengomdlalo kwiziko lokusebenza. Yayikukuxhela. (iphe. 507)
Ukujikela ngasemva ngaseBaghdad
Uloyiko lokoyiswa kwe-Iraq kunye nokuwohloka kobudlelwane be-US kunye ne-Iran kukhokelele i-US ukuba ibuyele e-Iraq. UWoodward ubhala ukuba ngasekupheleni kuka-1986 "uCasey waye wadibana nabase-Iraqis abaphezulu ... UTeicher uthi, "Ngo-1986, uMongameli uReagan wathumela umyalezo oyimfihlo kuSaddam Hussein emxelela ukuba i-Iraq kufuneka inyuse imfazwe yomoya kunye nokuqhunyiswa kwe-Iran ..." Oku kwenzeka ngexesha "lemfazwe yezixeko," xa i-Iraqi ihlasela ibhombu ezininzi. zazijoliswe ekujoliswe kuko kwezoqoqosho nasekuhlaleni.
Ngo-1988, emva kohlaselo lwerhasi yetyhefu yase-Iraq eyabulala malunga namaKurds angama-5,000 eHalabja emantla eIraq, uncedo lwaseMelika eIraq luye lwanda. Ngokutsho kweLos Angeles Times (2/13/91), abezobuntlola base-US banike ingxelo yokuba iihelikopta ezibonelelwe ngaseMelika ziye zasetyenziswa kuhlaselo lwemichiza olunjalo kwiiKurds zase-Iraq.
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Umcebisi kaMongameli Bush weSizwe kwezoKhuseleko u-Condoleezza Rice usanda kuba kwisikhondo esithi i-US "inetyala lokuziphatha" lemfazwe e-Iraq.
Inye kuphela idinga ukuvavanya i-cesspool yobuqhetseba, ukukhohlisa kunye nokubandakanyeka kwimbubhiso enkulu equka irekhodi yezenzo zase-US kwimfazwe yase-Iran-Iraq ukubamba ivumba "lokuziphatha" elikhokela iRice kunye neqela elilawulayo lase-US. La ma-impiriyali akazange acinge nto yokukhuthaza kunye nokunceda ukubulawa okumasikizi okuthe, ngama-akhawunti amaninzi, kukhokelele ekubulaweni okanye ekungxwelerheni kwabantu base-Irani nabase-Iraqi abangaphezu kwesigidi.
Imfazwe i-US ngoku isoyikisa i-Iraq iya kuba lulwaphulo-mthetho ngokulinganayo, iyonakalisa kakhulu, kwaye ikhuthazeke, njengangaphambili, kuphela ziinkxalabo zobukumkani kunye nolawulo lwehlabathi. Kufuneka kuchaswe ngoku, phambi kokuba iqale.
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ULarry Everest ngumnxibelelanisi wephephandaba loMsebenzi weNguquko kunye nombhali weBehind the Poison Cloud: Union Carbide's Bhopal Massacre. Waya e-Iraq ngo-1991 kwaye wadubula ividiyo ethi Iraq: Imfazwe Ngokuchasene Nabantu. Unokufikelelwa [imeyile ikhuselwe] kunye nemibhalo yakhe efunyenwe ku www.rwor.org.
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