Izityebi eziphezulu, ipesenti enye ephethe isabelo sengonyama sesizwe
ubutyebi, abubalwa kwiingxelo ezininzi zokusasazwa kwengeniso. Kwanabo bafuna ukufunda
umbuzo rhoqo ngoyaba abona bazizityebi kakhulu phakathi kwethu. Umzekelo, iZiko kwi
Uhlahlo-lwabiwo-mali kunye neMiba ePhambili yoMgaqo-nkqubo, ngokuxhomekeke kwidatha yamva nje yeBurena loBalo lwase-US, ikhutshwe a
Ingxelo kaDisemba 1997 ebonisa ukuba kumashumi amabini eminyaka edluleyo โingeniso yabona bazizityebi
eyesihlanu inyuke ngeepesenti ezingama-30 okanye phantse i-$27,000 emva kokulungelelaniswa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso.โ
Umvuzo oqhelekileyo wama-20 ekhulwini wawuyi-$117,500, okanye ube mkhulu ngokuphindwe kali-13 kune-9,250 yeedola.
ingeniso eyi-avareji yabona bahluphekayo ngama-20 epesenti.Kodwa ziphi na izityebi eziphezulu? Umyinge we-$117,500 yingeniso ephakathi, hayi kwi
bonke abameli beqela elityebileyo, kungasathethwa ke ngomntu osisityebi kakhulu. Zonke iingxelo ezinjalo malunga
ulwabiwo lwengeniso lusekelwe kuphando lwe-US Census Bureau olushiya rhoqo i-Big Money
ngaphandle komfanekiso. Iminxeba embalwa kwiCensus Bureau eWashington, DC iveze oko
Kangangeminyaka i-bureau ayizange incokole nabani na onomvuzo ongaphezulu kwe-300,000 yeedola. Okanye
ukuba kubanjwe udliwano-ndlebe, azizange zirekhodwe njengezingaphezulu "komda oxeliweyo ophezulu"
ye-R300,000, inani eliphezulu elivunyelwe yinkqubo yekhompyutha yeofisi. Ngowe-1994, i
i-bureau inyuse umda ongaphezulu ukuya kwi-1 yezigidi zeedola. Oku akubandakanyi ipesenti enye etyebileyo,
amakhulu oonobhiliyoni kunye namawaka osozigidi abazuza ngokuphindwe kaninzi
ngaphezu kwe-1 yezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka. Izityebi eziphezulu ziye zekhompyutheni ngaphandle komfanekiso.Xa libuzwa ukuba kutheni le nkqubo isetyenziswe, igosa lathi i-Census Bureau's
Iikhompyuter azikwazanga ukuphatha amanani aphezulu. Esona sizathu singenakwenzeka, ukususela kanye kwi-bureau
isigqibo sokunyusa umda ongaphezulu ukusuka kwi-300,000 yeedola ukuya kwi-1 yezigidi zeedola yenze njalo ngaphandle kwayo
ubunzima, kwaye inokukwenza oko kwakhona. Esinye isizathu esanikelwa leli gosa yayikukuba
"imfihlo." Ulungelelwaniso lwendawo olunikiweyo, umntu onengeniso ephezulu kakhulu
inokuchongwa. Ngaphezu koko, uthe, abaphenduli abanengeniso ephezulu bahlala bephantsi
imbuyekezo yabo yotyalo-mali malunga nama-40 ukuya kuma-50 ekhulwini. Ekugqibeleni, eli gosa layiphikisa loo nto
ekubeni izityebi kakhulu zimbalwa, azinakwenzeka ukuba zibonise kwisampulu yesizwe.Kodwa ngokukhetha (abanqunyulwe iintloko) abaphezulu kwipesenti ezingama-20 zesizwe siphela njenge
"esona sityebi" quintile, i-Census Bureau ibandakanya izigidi zabantu abenzayo
kancinci njenge $70,000. Ukuba wenza ngaphezulu kwe-100,000 yeedola, ukwipesenti ezi-4 eziphezulu. Ngoku
I-100,000 yeedola yimali ecocekileyo ngokwenene, kodwa ayisityebi kakhulu-njengaseMellon, eMorgan, okanye
UMurdock. Umahluko phakathi kukaMichael Eisner, i-CEO ye-Disney efake ngaphezu kwe-300 yeedola
kwisigidi seerandi ngonyaka omnye, yaye umntu owenza iidola ezingama-9,250 13 akanaminyaka eli-1 ukuya ko-XNUMXโkunikelwa ingxelo yoko
isasazeke phakathi kweyona quintiles iphezulu nasezantsi-kodwa ngaphezulu kwama-32,000 ukuya kwisi-1.Xa sithetha ngee-CEO, ingqwalasela eninzi inikwe abalawuli abaphezulu beshishini abarhwebayo
ngamashumi ezigidi zeerandi ngonyaka kwimivuzo kunye nezibonelelo. Kodwa kuncinci okuthethwa ngako
amashumi eebhiliyoni ezithi la maqumrhu manye asasaze kubatyali-zimali abafumileyo
iklasi nyaka ngamnye, kwakhona ukuba engabonakaliyo 1 ekhulwini yabemi. Amajelo osasazo ukuba
ijolise ngokukodwa kwiqaqobana labaphathi abaphezulu ababawayo ngokufanelekileyo inqanda nakuphi na ukuvezwa
yezityebi kakhulu njengeklasi. Ngapha koko, ukubuyisela ii-CEO ezisike kwishishini lithatha
iya kunceda umdla wabaninizabelo abakhulu.Izifundo ezibini ezenza konke okusemandleni azo ekudakeni ukuqonda kwethu ngobutyebi, zenziwe
ngokulandelelanayo yiRandi Corporation kunye neBrookings Institution kwaye kuxelwe ngokubanzi kuyo
amajelo eendaba amakhulu, afumanisa ukuba abantu badla ngokuba zizityebi hayi kwilifa kodwa
ukugcina impilo yabo nokusebenza nzima. Uninzi lwemali abayigcinileyo ivela kwimivuzo yabo
kwaye ayinanto yakwenza nobutyebi bentsapho obuzuzwe njengelifa, abaphandi bangathanda ukuba sikholwe.Ngokwendlela eqhelekileyo yenzululwazi yezentlalo, bafanekisela iziphumo zabo ngokunciphisa umda
yedatha yabo. Omabini amaphononongo awakwazanga ukuqaphela ukuba ukuzuza umvuzo ophezulu kuyinxalenye enkulu
ngenxa yeenzuzo ezizuzwe njengelifa. Abo basuka kumakhaya akumgangatho ophezulu bangcono kakhulu
ithuba lokugcina impilo yabo kunye nokuphuhlisa ukusebenza kwabo, ukuya phezulu
ezikolweni, kwaye bazuze uqeqesho lobuchwephesha oluphezulu, uqhagamshelwano, kunye nefuthe elifunekayo ukuze
fumana izikhundla eziphezulu zokuhlawula.Okubaluleke ngakumbi, zombini iiRandi kunye neBrookings izifundo ziyasilela ukubandakanya izityebi eziphezulu,
abo bahleli kwiindawo ezinkulu kwaye ubukhulu becala bazuze amathamsanqa. Kunoko, abaphandi
gxila kwiingcali ezikumgangatho ophakathi kunye nabaphathi, uninzi lwabo abafumana umvuzo
I-$ 100,000 ukuya kwi-$ 300,000 uluhlu-nto leyo ebonisa ukuba abaphandi abaqondi ukuba batyebile kangakanani.
izityebi kakhulu ngenene.Xa becinezelwe kule ngongoma, bachaza ukuba kukho ukunqongophala kwedatha kwi- kakhulu
zizityebi. Ekubeni beyipesenti encinci, "bayinxalenye enzima kakhulu
abantu bajongiwe,โ ibongoza isazi ngezoqoqosho saseRand uJames P. Smith, enikela isizathu esifanayo
inikwe ngamagosa eCensus Bureau. Lo kaSmith ufumana isityebi esikhulu kunzima ukuphonononga
akufanele kusenze sisityeshele isibakala sokuba ubukho bazo buphikisana noko akufumanisileyo
ubutyebi obuzisebenzele. Ubonakala evuma kakhulu xa esithi, "Esi [sifundo]
akufanele kuthathwe njengengxelo ukuba Rockefellers akazange anike zabo
abantwana kunye noKennedy abazange banike abantwana babo "(ENew York Times, Julayi 7,
1995). Ngokwenene, uninzi lwemali enkulu ngokwenene izuzwe-kwaye ngenxalenye ye
inani labantu abancinci kangangokuba bagwetywe ngokungenakufikeleleka ngokwezibalo.Okona kuphezulu kunyuka umlinganiselo wengeniso, kokukhona umlinganiselo omkhulu wokuqokelelwa kwenkunzi.
Isazi ngezoqoqosho uPaul Krugman siphawula ukuba asikuphela nje ukuba abantu abaphezulu abangama-20 ekhulwini baye batyeba ngakumbi
xa kuthelekiswa naye wonke umntu ongezantsi, isi-5 ekhulwini siye satyeba ngakumbi xa sithelekisa nabalandelayo
I-15 ekhulwini. Ipesenti enye ephezulu iye yatyeba ngakumbi xa ithelekiswa nesi-4 ekhulwini esilandelayo. Kwaye
abaphezulu be-0.25 ekhulwini baye batyeba ngakumbi kune-0.75 ekhulwini elilandelayo. Kuye kwaqikelelwa
ukuba iibhloko zokudlala zabantwana bezimela i-$1,000 inye, ngaphezu kwama-98 ekhulwini kuthi ebeya kwenza njalo
babe nengeniso emelwe yimfumba yeebhloko eziye hayi ngaphezulu kweeyadi ezimbalwa ukusuka
umhlaba, ngelixa ipesenti enye yayiza kupakisha amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezulu kwe-Eiffel Tower.Uqikelelo lukaMarx malunga nomsantsa okhulayo phakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu lusakhathaza
umhlabaโkunye nesijikelezi-langa siphela. Ukuxinana kobutyebi okwandayo kudala ngakumbi
ubuhlwempu. Njengoko abambalwa besiya besiba zizityebi, abantu abaninzi bawela nzulu kubuhlwempu, bebufumana
kuya kuba nzima ukuphuma kuyo. Ipatheni efanayo ibambe kuninzi lwe
ihlabathi. Kangangeminyaka ngoku, njengoko ubutyebi babambalwa buye banda, inani lamahlwempu liyanda
besanda ngesantya esingaphezu kwabemi bomhlaba. Ukunyuka kwamaza kuyatshona
izikhephe ezininzi.Ukuqonda ubungakanani bobutyebi kunye nokungalingani kwengeniso eUnited States, thina
kufuneka bayeke ukuphatha "i-quintile ephezulu" - udidi oluphezulu oluphakathi - njenge
elona qela lizizityebi elizweni. Kodwa ukwenza oko, kufuneka sijonge ngaphaya koBalo-bantu
Iinkcukacha-manani eziphekiweyo ze-Bureau. Kufuneka sijonge loo ncopho incinane, incopho yestratospheric
engabanini behlabathi.
Iincwadi zamva nje zikaMichael Parenti ziBlackshirts kunye neeReds: Rational Fascism kunye
Ukubhukuqwa kobuKomanisi kunye neMelika erhangqwe, zombini zipapashwe yiCity Lights Books.