Ne uloyiso oluvakalayo yephulo elithi "Ewe" kwi-referendum yangeCawa ekususweni kwemida yexesha laseVenezuela siqinisekile ukuba siyakuva ukuphindaphinda izityholo zolawulo lwegunya kunye nenkolo ekhulayo yobuntu malunga noMongameli uChรกvez. Ukuqwalasela ngakumbi iziphumo nangona kunjalo, xa kuthelekiswa nezo zonyulo lweNgingqi kaNovemba ka-2008, lubonisa intlawulo ye "personalismo", ngokukodwa, ukuba iphosakele. Ngokwenene iziphumo zicebisa ukusekwa kwengcamango eqinileyo enokuthi ibonakalise ukongamela abantu kukhuphiswano lonyulo lwaseVenezuela.[1].
The Guardian sele ibuze umbuzo othi "Ngoku ukuba umgaqo-siseko awusekho isithintelo, ngaba unyulo luya kwanele ukukhusela i-despotism eVenezuela?" Ukususwa kwemida yexesha ngandlelโ ithile kubekwe njengesilayidi esiphambili kulawulo-melo lo gama kubabhali abathile becula nje ingoma ethi "Uh! Ah! UChรกvez akayi kuhamba!" bubungqina obaneleyo benkolo engqongqo yobuntu.
Oku kuthethiweyo, ingxoxo eVenezuela ihlala iyingxoxo malunga nendoda enye, uMongameli, uHugo Chรกvez. Le yimveliso yeqela lemikhosi ehambelanayo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ineengcambu zayo kumava IPunto Fijo idemokrasi.
Ukusukela ngo-1958 ukuya kowe-1998 abantu baseVenezuela babehlala kwindawo eyaziwa ngokuba โyidemokrasi ebambeneyoโ, apho amaqela amabini aphambili asabelana ngamandla kwisivumelwano esingcwaliswe ngurhulumente oxhaswa ngemali yi-oyile. Ngelixa esi sivumelwano sadlulayo kulawulo lolawulo lwaseLatin America ngeminyaka yoo-70s emva koko sabona abantu abakumgangatho ophakathi ngokuthe ngcembe besiya behlwempuzeka ngokuhla kweerenti zeoyile. Kukule meko yokungabandakanywa kunye nokunganeliseki ngamaqela ezopolitiko amisiweyo uChรกvez wavela, ethetha ngokubuyisela amandla ebantwini.
Ngokusekwa kweMishini ukufezekiswa kobandakanyo olukhulu lwentlalo noqoqosho lwathi xhaxhe phambili ngokuhambelana nenkqubela phambili yokuthatha inxaxheba kwabemi kwisiseko se-5.th IRiphabhliki ngomgaqo-siseko omtsha, ukuyilwa kwe amabhunga oluntu, kunye nereferendum yokukhumbula i-2004. Oku kunyanzeliswa kwabavinjwayo eVenezuela sesona sizathu sokunyaniseka kwezopolitiko okubanjwe ngabalandeli abaninzi baseVenezuela kumongameli wabo.
Isimbo sikaChรกvez sokuthetha ngokuqinisekileyo siyayiqinisa le ntshukumo, "uChรกvez ngabantu" uvakala ekhwaza ngenkalipho. Ngokukwanjalo ubuntu bakhe obumangalisayo bumbona ecula, edanisa kwaye eqhula phambi kweendibano ezinkulu zaseVenezuela, kwaye enuka ivumba lesulfure kwi-UN, emzisa kwiziko lengxoxo lasekhaya nelamazwe ngamazwe.
Njengoko abasekhohlo bagxininisa kwi-Chรกvez ngokunjalo nenkcaso. Ukulungiswa kwe-visceral okubanjwe ngamacandelo amakhulu enkcaso kubonakala kuzo zonke iindlela zobomi baseVenezuela. Omnye wabalingane bam baseVenezuela baseflethini uhlala ekhwaza ekwigumbi lakhe esiya kwelam "Chรกvez is scum!" ngelixa uJulio Andre Borges, inkokeli yeqela eliphikisayo eliphambili, "Ubulungisa kuqala", wasebenzisa amazwi akhe okugqibela kwiphulo lokuhlasela uChรกvez, "UMongameli uzama ukugxeka wonke umntu waseVenezuela ngokubanga ukuba nguye kuphela isiqinisekiso soxolo kweli lizwe. kodwa inyaniso yeyokuba kule minyaka ilishumi konke esikuvileyo zizithuko, izoyikiso namazwi emfazwe.โ
Nangona ukuqonda ukunyaniseka kobuntu kuMongameli yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuqonda ipsychology yongquzulwano eVenezuela, iziphumo zangeCawe kufuneka zinike ikhefu kwabo bagxeka "inkolo yobuntu".
Kwi-referendum eqinisekisa ngokuthe ngqo ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuqhubeka kolawulo lukaMongameli uChรกvez iphulo elithi "Ewe" liphumelele nge-54.4% yevoti kwi-turnout malunga ne-66%. Ngaba u-Chรกvez wayeyi-demagogue ngokwenene, kwaye ngaba ngokwenene kukho inkolo yobuntu engqongqo sinokulindela ukuba iziphumo kunye nokuvota kukhetho olunjalo lwahluke kakhulu kunyulo olungabandakanyekanga ngokuthe ngqo ku-Chรกvez indoda. Nangona kunjalo unyulo lwengingqi lukaNovemba lubone abantu abaza kufikelela kwi-65%, kwaye njengokuba kuvoto ivoti ethandwayo yaphunyezwa malunga ne-10%. Ukufana okumangalisayo kwezi ziphumo zibini, kunye nezifundo zabo ezahlukileyo ngokuphawulekayo zibonisa idinominator efanayo, ukunyaniseka okanye ukuchaswa kweprojekthi karhulumente ngokubanzi kunokuba indoda ngokukodwa.
Ukwandiswa kolu vavanyo lwe-personasmo hypothesis kudityaniswa kukuyilwa kweqela elikhulu laseVenezuela neliphumelele kakhulu, iPSUV, ngo-2007, kunye nokuwa kwangoko kweqela laseVenezuela. Ukuvalwa kweoli ka-2002-3 kunye ne ukuzama ubhukuqo-mbuso yowama-2002. Ukanti umbandela olinganiselweyo unikela ukutya okucingisisiweyo, ufanele wenze abo bagxeka ubuntu baseVenezuela bacinge kabini.
[1] Olu hlobo lwe-cleavage luthathwa ngokubanzi ziingcali zemfundo njengophawu lwedemokhrasi eqolileyo nedlamkileyo.
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