Ulutsha oluqhankqalazela utshintsho lwemozulu kumanyathelo esakhiwo se-capitol, nguSheila Fitzgerald/Shutterstock.com
Intshukumo yobulungisa bokusingqongileyo egquba kwihlabathi jikelele inqumlana ngabom, ibonisa indlela ukufudumala kwehlabathi okunxibelelene ngayo nemiba efana nobuhlanga, intlupheko, imfuduko kunye nempilo yoluntu. Enye indawo edityaniswe ngokusondeleyo nengxaki yemozulu efumana ingqwalasela encinci, nangona kunjalo, yimfazwe. Nazi ezinye zeendlela le miba-kunye nezisombululo zayo-ethungelana ngazo.
1. Umkhosi wase-US ukhusela i-Oli enkulu kunye namanye amashishini e-extractive. Umkhosi wase-US usoloko usetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkampani zase-US ziyafikelela kwizinto zokwenziwa kwemveliso, ngakumbi i-oyile, kwihlabathi jikelele. Imfazwe yeGulf yowe-1991 nxamnye neIraq yayingumzekelo ocacileyo wemfazwe yeoli; namhlanje inkxaso yomkhosi wase-US ye-Saudi Arabia iqhagamshelwe kwishishini le-fossil yase-US ekuzimiseleni ukulawula ukufikelela kwi-oyile yehlabathi. Amakhulu eziseko zomkhosi wase-U.S. asasazeke kwihlabathi jikelele akwiindawo ezityebileyo kwaye zikufutshane neendlela zobuchule zokuthumela ngenqanawa. Asinakukwazi ukuphuma kwi-fossil fuel treadmill de siyeke umkhosi wethu ukuba usebenze njengomkhuseli wehlabathi we-oyile enkulu.
2. IPentagon lelona ziko likhulu lasebenzisa amafutha efosili ehlabathini. Ukuba i-Pentagon yayililizwe, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwepetroli yodwa kuya kuyenza i-47th enkulu ye-greenhouse gas emitter emhlabeni, inkulu kunezizwe zonke ezifana neSweden, iNorway okanye iFinland. Ukukhutshwa komkhosi wase-US kuvela ikakhulu kwizixhobo zokubasa kunye nezixhobo, kunye nokukhanya, ukufudumeza kunye nokupholisa ngaphezu kwezakhiwo ezingama-560,000 kwihlabathi liphela.
3. IPentagon ilawula inkxaso-mali esiyidingayo ukujongana nengxaki yemozulu. Ngoku sichitha ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lonyaka lukarhulumente woburhulumente emkhosini xa esona sisongelo esikhulu kukhuseleko lwelizwe lase-US ingeyiyo i-Iran okanye i-China, kodwa yingxaki yemozulu. Sinokuyinqumla i-Budget ye-Pentagon yangoku kwisiqingatha kwaye sisasele kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali olukhulu lomkhosi kune-China, iRashiya, i-Iran kunye neNyakatho Korea idibene. Ugcino lweebhiliyoni ezingama-350 zeerandi lunokuthi emva koko lufakwe kwiSivumelwano esitsha sokuHlaza. Ipesenti enye nje yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwasemkhosini luka-2019 lwe-716 yeebhiliyoni zeedola luyakwanela ukuxhasa nge-128,879 imisebenzi yeziseko eziluhlaza endaweni yoko.
4. Uhlaselo lomkhosi lushiya ilifa eliyityhefu emva kwalo. Iziseko zomkhosi wase-US ziyonakalisa inkangeleko yomhlaba, zingcolisa umhlaba, kwaye zingcolise amanzi okusela. Kwisiseko seKadena e-Okinawa, i-US Air Force ingcolise umhlaba wendawo kunye namanzi ngeekhemikhali ezinobungozi, kuquka i-arsenic, i-lead, i-polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), i-asbestos kunye ne-dioxin. Apha ekhaya, i-EPA ichonge ngaphezulu kwe-149 iziseko zomkhosi zangoku okanye zangaphambili njengeziza zeSuperFund kuba ungcoliseko lwePentagon lushiye umhlaba wasekhaya kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba eyingozi kakhulu ebantwini, kwizilwanyana nakwizityalo. Ngokutsho kwengxelo karhulumente we-2017, i-Pentagon sele ichithe i-11.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ekucoceni okusingqongileyo kweziseko ezivaliweyo kwaye iqikelela ukuba i-3.4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola iya kufuneka.
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5. Iimfazwe zonakalisa inkqubo yendalo eethe-ethe ebalulekileyo ekulondolozeni impilo yabantu nokomelela kwemozulu. Imfazwe ethe ngqo ngokwemvelo ibandakanya ukutshatyalaliswa kokusingqongileyo, ngokuqhushumba kweebhombu kunye nohlaselo lwasehlabathini olutshabalalisa umhlaba kunye neziseko zophuhliso. Kwi-Gaza Strip, indawo ehlaselwe yimikhosi emikhulu yase-Israel phakathi kwe-2008 kunye ne-2014, imikhankaso yokuqhuma ibhomu yakwa-Israeli ijolise kunyango lwamanzi amdaka kunye nezixhobo zamandla, ishiya i-97 yeepesenti yamanzi ahlambulukileyo aseGaza angcoliswe yi-saline kunye ne-lindle, kwaye ngoko ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa komntu. E-Yemen, iphulo lokuqhunyiswa kwebhombu elikhokelwa yi-Saudi lidale intlekele yoluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo, ngaphezulu kweemeko ze-2,000 zekholera ngoku zixelwa yonke imihla. E-Iraq, ityhefu yokusingqongileyo eshiywe luhlaselo luka-2003 lwePentagon ibandakanya i-uranium ephelelweyo, eshiye abantwana abahlala kufutshane neziseko zase-US benomngcipheko owongeziweyo wesifo sentliziyo sokuzalwa, ukukhubazeka komqolo, umhlaza, i-leukemia, imilebe ecandekileyo kunye nemilenze elahlekileyo okanye engasebenzi kakuhle kunye nokukhubazeka. .
6. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu โyi-threat multiplierโ eyenza ukuba iimeko esele ziyingozi zentlalo nezopolitiko zibe mbi nangakumbi. E-Syria, imbalela enkulu kwiminyaka eyi-500 ikhokelele ekungaphumeleli kwezityalo okutyhalele amafama ezixekweni, yandisa intswela-ngqesho kunye nezidubedube zezopolitiko ezibe negalelo kwimvukelo ngo-2011. Iimeko ezifanayo zemozulu ziye zabangela iingxabano kwamanye amazwe kuMbindi Mpuma, ukusuka e-Yemen ukuya Libhiya. Njengoko amaqondo obushushu ehlabathi eqhubeka enyuka, kuya kubakho iintlekele zendalo, ukufuduka kwabantu abaninzi kunye neemfazwe ezingakumbi. Kuya kubakho ungquzulwano olungakumbi oluxhobileyo lwasekhaya-kubandakanya iimfazwe zamakhaya-ezinokuthi zichitheke ngaphaya kwemida kwaye ziphazamise imimandla yonke. Ezona ndawo zisemngciphekweni yi-Afrika engezantsi kweSahara, kuMbindi Mpuma, naseMzantsi, kuMbindi nakuMzantsi-mpuma Asia.
7. I-US ichitha izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ezijongene nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nemfazwe. I-US ijonge phantsi ngabom kwaye ngokuqhubekayo iinzame ezidibeneyo zehlabathi zokujongana nengxaki yemozulu ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kunye nokukhawulezisa inguqu kumandla avuselelekayo. I-US yenqaba ukujoyina iProtocol yaseKyoto ye-1997 kunye nokuhoxiswa kukaDonald Trump kwi-2015 Paris Climate Accord yayingumzekelo wamva nje wokungahoywa kwemvelo, isayensi kunye nekamva. Ngokufanayo, i-US iyala ukujoyina iNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho yeZizwe ngezizwe ephanda ubugebenga bemfazwe, iphula umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ngokuhlasela kunye nezohlwayo, kwaye iyarhoxa kwizivumelwano zenyukliya neRussia. Ngokukhetha ukubeka phambili umkhosi wethu ngaphezu kozakuzo, i-US ithumela umyalezo othi "unokwenza okulungileyo" kwaye yenza kube nzima ukufumana izisombululo kwingxaki yemozulu kunye neengxabano zasemkhosini.
8. Ukufuduka kwabantu abaninzi kuphenjelelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nongquzulwano, abafuduki bahlala bejongana nengcinezelo yomkhosi. Ingxelo yeQela leBhanki yeHlabathi yowama-2018 iqikelela ukuba iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kwiindawo ezintathu ezixineneyo eziphuhlayo zehlabathiโi-Afrika engezantsi kweSahara, eMzantsi Asia, naseLatin Americaโzinokubangela ukufuduka kunye nokufuduka kwangaphakathi kwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-140. ngaphambi kwe-2050. Kakade, izigidi zabafuduki abavela kuMbindi Melika ukuya e-Afrika ukuya kuMbindi Mpuma babalekela iintlekele zendalo kunye neengxabano. Kumda wase-US, abafuduki bavalelwe kwiikheji kwaye bavalelwe kwiinkampu. KwiMeditera, amawaka eembacu aye afa ngoxa ayezama uhambo oluyingozi lolwandle. Ngeli xesha, abathengisi bezixhobo abaphembelela ungquzulwano kule mimandla bafumana inzuzo entle ngokuthengisa izixhobo kunye nokwakha iindawo zokuvalelwa ukukhusela imida ngokuchasene neembacu.
9. Ubundlobongela obulawulwa ngurhulumente bujoliswe kuluntu oluchasayo ukutshatyalaliswa kokusingqongileyo okukhokelwa yinkampani. Uluntu olulwela ukukhusela imihlaba kunye neelali zabo kwi-oyile, iinkampani zemigodi, abafuyi, ushishino lwezolimo, njl njl. Oku sikubona eAmazon namhlanje, apho abantu bomthonyama babulawa ngokuzama ukuyeka ukugawula nokutshisa amahlathi abo. Siyibona eHonduras, apho abaphembeleli abanjengoBerta Caceres baye badutyulwa ngenxa yokuzama ukugcina imilambo yabo. Ngo-2018, bekukho amatyala ayi-164 abhaliweyo abulawa ngabantu bendalo kwihlabathi liphela. E-US, abahlali bomthonyama beqhankqalaza izicwangciso zokwakha umbhobho we-oyile ye-Keystone e-South Dakota bahlangatyezwa ngamapolisa awayejolise kubaqhankqalazi abangaxhobanga ngerhasi yokukrazula, imijikelo yeembotyi-ebhegi, kunye neenkanunu zamanzi-ngabom zifakwe kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi komkhenkce. Oorhulumente kwihlabathi jikelele bayayandisa imithetho yabo yemeko yonxunguphalo ukubandakanya iinguqu ezinxulumene nemozulu, ukuququzelela ngokugqwethekileyo ukucinezelwa kwabaphembeleli bendalo abaye babizwa ngokuba "ngabanqolobi bendalo" kwaye baphantsi kwemisebenzi yokulwa nokuvukela.
NguHernando Sorzano/Shutterstock.com
10. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nemfazwe yenyukliya zombini zizisongelo ezikhoyo kwiplanethi. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu eyintlekele kunye nemfazwe yenyukliya zahlukile kwisisongelo esikhoyo ekusindeni kwempucuko yabantu. Ukwenziwa kwezixhobo zenyukliyaโkunye nokwanda kwazoโkwaphenjelelwa yimfazwe yehlabathi, ukanti izixhobo zenyukliya azifane ziqondwe njengesisongelo kwikamva lobomi kwesi sijikelezi-langa. Nangona imfazwe yenyukliya "elinganiselweyo", ebandakanya ngaphantsi kwe-0.5 yeepesenti zezixhobo zenyukliya zehlabathi, iya kuba yanele ukubangela ukuphazamiseka kwemozulu yehlabathi kunye nendlala yehlabathi, ibeka abantu be-2 yezigidigidi emngciphekweni. I-Bulletin ye-Atomic Scientists imisele iClock yayo yeDoomsday Clock ukuya kwimizuzu emi-2 ukuya ezinzulwini zobusuku, ibonisa imfuneko enzulu yokuqinisekiswa kweSivumelwano sokuThintwa kwezixhobo zeNyukliya. Intshukumo yendalo esingqongileyo kunye nentshukumo echasene ne-nuke kufuneka isebenze ngesandla ukuze inqande ezi zoyikiso kubomi beplanethi.
Ukukhulula iibhiliyoni zeedola zePentagon kutyalo-mali kwiiprojekthi ezibalulekileyo zokusingqongileyo kunye nokuphelisa umonakalo wokusingqongileyo wemfazwe, iintshukumo zeplanethi ephilayo, enoxolo kufuneka ibeke "ukuphelisa imfazwe" phezulu kuluhlu "kufuneka lwenze". Z
UMedea Benjamin ungumseki weCODEPINK yoXolo, kunye nombhali weencwadi ezininzi, kuquka Ngaphakathi kweIran: Imbali yokwenyani kunye nezopolitiko zeRiphabhlikhi yamaSilamsi yaseIran. Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo ukudibana phakathi kwemfazwe kunye nemozulu, funda iMfazwe kaGar Smith kunye noMfundi weNdalo.