Ngolwazi olungaka olungeyonyani olujikeleza kumajelo eendaba ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela malunga neVenezuela kunye noMongameli uHugo Chavez, lixesha lokubeka irekhodi ngqo. IVenezuela ayingozwilakhe kwaye uMongameli Chavez akanguye uzwilakhe. Kubusuku nje obudlulileyo intloko yelizwe laseVenezuela ithathe inxaxheba kwintlanganiso kunye neqela labaphembeleli bezindlu, abangazange bagxeke kuphela - bahlala kumabonwakude - imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kunye nokungasebenzi kwimiba yokuqeshisa kunye nezindlu, kodwa kunye nemithetho ecetywayo, imimiselo kunye neeprojekthi ezifunyenwe kunye vula iingalo nguChavez ngokwakhe. Kwaye kwiveki ephelileyo, uMongameli waseVenezuela uye wavala umthetho kwimfundo ephakamileyo evunyiweyo sisininzi sowiso-mthetho se-Chavez kunyaka ophelileyo, efuna ingxoxo "evulekileyo nebanzi" ngalo mbandela, ukubandakanya abagxeki kunye nabo baqhankqalazayo. . Leyo asiyohambo yozwilakhe okhohlakeleyo.
Njengomntu osele ehlala eVenezuela iminyaka engaphezu kwe-17, ndinobungqina benguqu engaqhelekanga eyenziwe lilizwe kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo ukususela oko uChavez wakhethwa okokuqala ngo-1998.
Ukufika kwam eVenezuela okokuqala ngowe-1993, ilizwe lalikwisiphithiphithi. Amalungelo omgaqo-siseko aye anqunyanyiswa kwaye kwamiselwa umyalelo wokubuya ekhaya kwilizwe lonke. Ingcinezelo yayixhaphakile, uqoqosho lwalusengxakini, amaphephandaba amaninzi, izikhululo zikamabonwakude kunye nezikhululo zikanomathotholo zavalwa okanye zavalwa, kwaye urhulumente wanyanzelisa idrafti yomkhosi enyanzelwayo ejolise kubafana abasuka kwiindawo ezihluphekayo. Kwakukho umongameli wexeshana ophetheyo, kuba oyena mongameli, uCarlos Andres Perez - enconywa nguWashington "njengedemokhrasi ebalaseleyo" - wayesandula ukubekwa ityala kwaye wavalelwa urhwaphilizo. Ekugqibeleni uPerez waphuncuka eluvalelweni wabalekela eMiami, apho wahlala de wasweleka kwinyanga ephelileyo, ephila ngezigidi awayezibile kubantu baseVenezuela.
Nangona umongameli omtsha wonyulwa ngo-1994, amalungelo omgaqo-siseko ahlala enqunyanyisiwe iminyaka emininzi, de kwaba kunyulo luka-1998 olwathi lwazisa uChavez kulawulo. Ukusukela ngoko, ngaphandle kobhukuqo-mbuso lwexesha elifutshane ngo-2002, ukonakaliswa kwezoqoqosho kwishishini le-oyile ngo-2003 kunye neenzame ezininzi ngokuchasene norhulumente wakhe kwiminyaka elandelayo, uMongameli Chavez akazange nakanye amisele amalungelo omgaqo-siseko okanye abeke ixesha lokubuya ekhaya. abemi. Akazange ayalele imeko yonxunguphalo eya kuthi ithintele amalungelo okanye ivale nawaphi na amajelo eendaba. Ude wakhupha uxolelo jikelele ngo-2007 enika uxolelo kubo bonke abo babandakanyekayo kubhukuqo-mbuso luka-2002, ngaphandle kwabantu abajongene ngqo nolwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe eluntwini okanye lokubulala.
Ngaphantsi kolawulo lweChavez, intlupheko iye yancitshiswa ngesiqingatha, jikelele, umgangatho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo kunye nemfundo iqinisekisiwe kubo bonke abantu baseVenezuela, amashishini amatsha adalwe kwaye amandla amaninzi ezopolitiko abekwe ezandleni zabantu "abaqhelekileyo". ngaphambili ebengabandakanywa ngabantu abaphezulu ababelawula ilizwe kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini.
Ngoko kutheni amaphephandaba namajelo osasazo amaninzi kangaka emchaza njengozwilakhe?
Usenokungayithandi indlela yokuthetha kaHugo Chavez, okanye into yokuba wazalelwa ebuhlwempu, evela emkhosini, ngumntu osekhohlo kwaye akahambelani nomfanekiso wentloko yelizwe. Kodwa oko akumenzi abe nguzwilakhe.
EVenezuela, ngaphezulu kwe-80% kamabonwakude, unomathotholo kunye noshicilelo losasazo luhlala lusezandleni zomdla wabucala ogxeka urhulumente. Ke, ngaphandle kwebango leendaba lamazwe ngamazwe, akukho kuthintelwa okanye ukwaphulwa kwenkululeko yokuvakalisa eVenezuela. Iminxeba yokubhukuqa urhulumente okanye ukuphembelela imikhosi exhobileyo ukuba ivukele urhulumente, nto leyo enokuthi ithintelwe ngokucacileyo kumazwe amaninzi, isasazwa kumajelo kamabonwakude alawulwa ngabachasi ngokuvunyelwa esidlangalaleni (iimpawu ezivulekileyo, hayi intambo). Kwinyanga nje edlulileyo, intloko yegumbi lezorhwebo laseVenezuela, uFedecamaras, wanika inkomfa yabezindaba esasazwa bukhoma kumabonwakude nakwizikhululo zikanomathotholo, apho wabiza imikhosi exhobileyo ngokuthi "abangcatshi" ababeza "kuhlawula ixabiso" ukuba abathobeli. imiyalelo karhulumente kwaye "bathobele" imiyalelo yabaqhubi bezoshishino.
Ndiyakwazi ukucinga ukuba inkokeli yezoshishino e-United States yayiza kuhamba kumabonwakude kwaye ibize uMkhosi wase-US "abangcatshi" ukuba abazange bathobele urhulumente wobumbano. I-Secret Service yayiza kubamba le ndoda ngokukhawuleza kwaye imiphumo yayiza kuba nzima. Kodwa into enje ayinakuze yenzeke e-US, kuba akukho sikhululo sikamabonwakude saze sasasaza nantoni na ebiza imvukelo okanye ukungathobeli urhulumente. Akukho mthethweni.
Ke, ayisiyiyo kuphela into yokuba akukho censorship eVenezuela, kukho ukugqithisela kwentetho "yasimahla". Enye into entle kwisimo sengqondo sokuvumela urhulumente kaChavez ngokubhekiselele kumajelo eendaba ibe kukwanda koluntu kunye namanye amajelo eendaba kulo lonke ilizwe, athe anika indawo nelizwi kwabo bangahoywanga ngamajelo eendaba aqhelekileyo. Ngexesha loorhulumente ngaphambi kolawulo lweChavez, uluntu kunye nemithombo yeendaba zavalwa.
Kungekudala, i-legislature yaseVenezuela yadlulisela umthetho obizwa ngokuba nguMthetho woMsebenzi woLuntu kwiRadio, iTelevishini kunye neMedia yeDijithali. Umthetho awubandakanyi i-intanethi okanye naluphi na uhlobo losasazo. Into eyenzayo kukungavumeli iminxeba yokubulala umongameli okanye omnye umntu, kunye nokuthintela ukuphembelela ulwaphulo-mthetho, intiyo okanye ubundlobongela kwiiwebhusayithi ezisebenza eVenezuela. Lo ngumgangatho kwiidemokhrasi ezininzi kwaye luphawu lobuntu. Umthetho ukwabethelela kumajelo eendaba uxanduva lokuba negalelo kwimfundo yabemi. Imidiya inamandla amakhulu kuluntu namhlanje. Kutheni mabangaphenduli ngezenzo zabo?
Omnye umba osetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumajelo eendaba nguMthetho wokuVumela owamkelwa kwinyanga ephelileyo yipalamente yaseVenezuela. Lo mthetho unika “imithetho” amagunya kwiSigqeba sokuwisa umthetho kwimiba ethile njengoko kuchaziwe kumthetho oyilwayo. UMthetho oVumelayo awuphanga, uthintele okanye ulinganisele imisebenzi yowiso-mthetho yeNdlu yoWiso-mthetho, kwaye awungqubani nomgaqo-siseko okanye uchasa idemokhrasi. Ipalamente isenakho ukuxoxa kwaye yamkele imithetho njengesiqhelo kwigunya layo. Umthetho wokuXhobisa, ovunyelwe nguMgaqo-siseko, ucelwe nguMongameli Chavez ukuze anike iimpendulo ezikhawulezayo kwingxakeko yesizwe ebangelwe zizikhukula zemvula ezatshabalalisa uluntu kwilizwe liphela ekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo kwaye zashiya abantu abangaphezu kwe-130,000 bengenamakhaya. Umthetho awuyi kuchaphazela nawaphi na amalungelo omgaqo-siseko okanye unyanzelise "ulawulo lobuzwilakhe" kwilizwe, yimpendulo nje esemthethweni, esemthethweni kwimeko yonxunguphalo efuna izisombululo ezikhawulezayo.
Kwaye xa sithetha ngendlu yowiso-mthetho yaseVenezuela, luninzi ulwazi lwenkohliso oluphindwayo kwaye luphinde lusetyenziswe kumajelo eendaba kwihlabathi liphela malunga nokwakhiwa kwepalamente entsha yalo nyaka. I-Venezuela yayinonyulo lomthetho ngoSeptemba 2010, kwaye inkcaso - i-anti-Chavez - amaqela aphumelele i-40% yezihlalo. Abanye bathi olu luninzi, nto leyo engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Iqela le-Pro-Chavez PSUV liphumelele i-60% yezihlalo kwiNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe, njengoko umbutho wowiso-mthetho waseVenezuela ubizwa njalo. Ngama-97 kwizihlalo ezili-165, kunye ne-1 ngaphezulu ethe yaphunyelelwa liqela le-PCV le-pro-Chavez, kwi-98 iyonke.
Kwelinye icala, iqela eliphikisayo liphumelele izihlalo ezingama-65 ezimelwe ngamaqela ahlukeneyo ezopolitiko ali-13 angavumelaniyo kwimiba emininzi. Ezinye izihlalo ezibini zifunyenwe liqela lesithathu, elizimeleyo, iPPT. Ke, iqela le-PSUV liphumelele izihlalo ezingama-97 epalamente kwaye iqela elilandelayo kumgca yi-Accion Democratica (AD) enezihlalo ezingama-22. Ngoobani abaninzi?
Ngo-2005, amaqela aphikisayo alutyeshela inkqubo yolonyulo, kwaye aphulukene ne-50% awayenayo epalamente ukususela ngonyaka ka-2000. Le mbono iye yaphindwa kwakhona kumajelo eendaba aqhelekileyo, nangona iphosakele kwaye iyimo ekhohlisayo.
Iqela eliphikisayo sele libhengeze ukuba lizakufuna ungenelelo lwangaphandle ukunceda ukubhukuqa urhulumente. Oku akukho mthethweni nje kuphela, kuyingozi kakhulu. Uninzi lwabaviwa kunye namaqela amaninzi ahambelana nenkcaso eVenezuela sele sele efumana izigidi zeedola ngonyaka kwinkxaso-mali evela kwii-arhente ezininzi zase-US kunye namazwe ngamazwe, njenge-National Endowment for Democracy (NED) kunye ne-US Agency for International Development ( I-USAID), zombini zixhaswa ngemali yomrhafi wase-US. Injongo echaziweyo yale nkxaso-mali ibe "kukukhuthaza idemokhrasi" eVenezuela kunye nokunceda ukwakha imikhosi echasayo ngokuchasene neChavez. Oku kukwaphulwa okucacileyo kolongamo lwaseVenezuela kunye nenkcitho yeedola zaseMelika zabarhafi. Abemi base-US: Ngaba le yindlela enifuna ukuba isetyenziswe ngayo imali eniyisebenzele nzima?
Kule veki, iinkokeli eziphikisayo ziya kudibana kunye nabalingane babo eWashington. Sele besithi injongo yabo kukufuna uncedo olongezelelekileyo lokunceda ukususa uMongameli Chavez kulawulo. Ngelishwa, izenzo zabo ezingenademokhrasi sele zamkelwe kwi-Capitol yase-US. Ummeli uConnie Mack (R-FL), ngoku oyintloko yeNdlu engaphantsi kweKomidi kuBudlelwane bamazwe angaphandle kwi-Western Hemisphere, ubhengeze ngosuku lokuqala lweNkomfa ukuba injongo yakhe enye kulo nyaka kukubeka iVenezuela kuluhlu "lwabaxhasi bakarhulumente ubunqolobi". Kwaye ummeli u-Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL), ngoku oyintloko yeKomiti yoBudlelwane baNgaphandle kweNdlu, uye wayixhasa loo njongo, wade wayokutsho esidlangalaleni ukuba uyakwamkela "ukubulawa kukaFidel Castro okanye nayiphi na enye inkokeli yengcinezelo" enjalo. njengoHugo Chavez.
Ngomhla woku-1 kaJanuwari, uMongameli uChavez wabamba intlanganiso emfutshane, engacwangciswanga kunye neyoxolo kunye noNobhala kaRhulumente wase-US uHillary Clinton eBrasilia, ngexesha lokumiselwa kukaDilma Rousseff, umongameli omtsha waseBrazil. Akukho zivumelwano kwafikelelwa kuzo, kodwa ukutshintshiselana kwezandla kunye noncumo kuzinzisile ukunyuka kwengxwabangxwaba phakathi kwamazwe omabini, nto leyo ethe yavelisa ingxaki kwezozakuzo ekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo. Kodwa ekubuyeleni kwakhe eWashington, uClinton wagxekwa kabukhali ngamajelo eendaba, ngakumbi iWashington Post, eyayimtyhola ngokuba “thambileyo” kakhulu eVenezuela.
Iifowuni zeWashington Post zokulwa imfazwe neVenezuela ziyingozi. Khumbula, ukubekwa kwimeko yoluvo lukawonke-wonke kuyimfuneko ukuze kuthetheleleke ubundlobongela obujoliswe kwesinye isizwe. Amaphulo okudemoni ngokuchasene noSaddam Hussein, i-Iraq kunye namaSilamsi ayebalulekile ukuqalisa iimfazwe kuMbindi Mpuma ezingekayeki. Ngaba uluntu lukulungele ukuphenjelelwa ngamajelo eendaba ane-ajenda yezopolitiko (nezoqoqosho) efuna ukushenxisa urhulumente onyulwe ngokwentando yesininzi noxhaswa ngokudumileyo kuba nje bengayithandi imigaqo-nkqubo yakhe?
Ngeziganeko ezibuhlungu zamva nje e-Arizona kufuneka kucace ngakumbi ukuba abeendaba banamandla kunye nefuthe kwizenzo zomntu ngamnye. Intetho enentiyo, imikhankaso yeedemon, ulwazi olukhohlisayo kunye nolukhohlisayo luyingozi kwaye lunokukhokelela kwimiphumo enyanyekayo, kuquka imfazwe.
Lixesha lokuba uyeke uhlaselo olwandayo oluchasene neVenezuela kwaye wamkele izibakala: IVenezuela ayingozwilakhe, kwaye ngelixa uninzi lwenu lungamthandi uHugo Chavez, uninzi lwabantu baseVenezuela abamvoteleyo. Kwaye kule meko, ngabo ababalulekileyo.