Abangenankathalo izisongelo zemfazwe yenyukliya ezihla zinyuka phakathi korhulumente waseMntla Korea nowaseUnited States zindikhumbuza ngesiganeko endathi ndaba nenxaxheba kuso emva phayaa ngokwindla lowe-1961, xa ndandikwinqanaba eliphezulu eColumbia College.
Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 1961, i Urhulumente waseSoviet yayibhengeze ukuba iyarhoxa kwi-US-Soviet-Bhritane yokumiswa kuvavanyo lwezixhobo zenyukliya ethe yalunqumamisa olo vavanyo kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo ngelixa oorhulumente abathathu bezama ukuvumelana ngesivumelwano sokuvalwa kovavanyo. Ukuqaliswa kwakhona kovavanyo lukarhulumente waseSoviet lwezixhobo zenyukliya olwalandelayo lwagqitywa ngo-Oktobha ngogqabhuko-dubulo lwakhe kwi-atmosfera yebhombu ye-hydrogen eyi-50-megaton, esona sixhobo sinamandla senyukliya sakha saqhushumba. Okwangoku, ulawulo lweKennedy, luzimisele ukuba lungapheli ekuboniseni "amandla" esizwe, ngokukhawuleza lwaphinda lwaqala uvavanyo lwenyukliya lwase-US phantsi komhlaba kwaye lwaqala ukuxoxa ngokuqaliswa kwe-US yovavanyo lwenyukliya emoyeni.
Ngokwembono yabantu abaninzi kula mazwe mabini-eneneni, emhlabeni-oku kuphinda kungene kugqatso lwezixhobo zenyukliya kwakusoyikisa kakhulu. E-Columbia, umntu endandihlala naye ekholejini, uMike Weinberg, kwaye ndalijonga njengegeza lonke ishishini. Uvavanyo lwenyukliya esibhakabhakeni luthumele amafu amakhulu obutyobo benyukliya (โi-falloutโ) emoyeni, nto leyo eza nomhlaza kunye neziphene ekuzalweni kwazo kwinani elikhulu labantu kwihlabathi liphela. Ukongeza, olu vavanyo lweebhombu ze-hydrogen-izixhobo ezinokuveliswa ngokuphindwe kaliwaka amandla atshabalalisayo ebhombu yeathom eyayibhubhise iHiroshima-yayilungiselela ukusetyenziswa kwimfazwe yenyukliya. Olu gqatso lwezixhobo zenyukliya lwalubonakala lugqatso lwentlekele.
Ngenxa yoko, ngamanye amaxesha ukuwa, UMike kunye namโukubona iphecana elibhengeza uhambo lwebhasi yabafundi oluya eWashington, DC ukuchasa ukuqaliswa kwakhona kovavanyo lwenyukliya yase-US-yagqiba ekubeni lifikile ixesha lokuba siphume ezitalatweni siqhankqalaze. Abantu bebesele benenxaxheba kuqhanqalazo lwenyukliya. Kodwa sasingekho phakathi kwabo. Enyanisweni, akukho namnye kuthi owakha wathabatha inxaxheba kulo naluphi na uhlobo loqhankqalazo lwezobupolitika.
Ngentsasa yohambo lwabafundi oluya eWashington, safika sinxibe iisuti zethu (ukuze sichukumise nawaphi na amagosa karhulumente anokusibona) kwibhasi eqeshiweyo, imise kufuphi nekhampasi yaseColumbia, kodwa sazifumana siphakathi kwendoda engaqhelekanga. ukudibanisa. Abafana banxibe iimbadada kunye neendevu, abafazi iikawusi zokuloba iintlanzi kunye neentambo ezinde. Nangona kukho umahluko kwisitayile, nangona kunjalo, sayila iqela elinobubele, elinobubele njengoko sasihla ngohola wendlela ukusuka kwisiXeko saseNew York sisiya kwikomkhulu lelizwe ukuze sijongane namagunya karhulumente.
Ukufika kwam eWhite House, ndathabatha into endandiyigqala njengophawu olukrelekrele kakhulu (โKennedy, Musa Ukulinganisa AmaRashiya!โ) kwimfumba eyayize nomntu othile, kunye nabanye abaqhankqalazi (esincediswa yibhasi yesibini abafundi, abasuka kwikholeji yeQuaker eMidwest), benza umgca wepikethi omncinci ojikeleze isibini semithi ngaphandle kwe-White House. Mna noMike, njengabasebenzi abatsha abanenzondelelo, sasijikeleza imini yonke ngaphandle kokuthatha ikhefu ukuze sifumane isidlo sasemini okanye isidlo sangokuhlwa.
Kangangamashumi eminyaka, bendijonge emva kweli linge nje kancinci kunomxholo weanecdote ehlekisayo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, thina kunye namanye amaqela amancinci abaqhanqalazi besingenako ukuba nefuthe kumgaqo-nkqubo wase-US, akunjalo? Kwandula ke, phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1990, ngoxa ndandisenza uphando kwiThala likaMongameli likaJohn F. Kennedy eBoston ngembali yenkqubo yehlabathi yokuthotywa kwezixhobo zenyukliya, ndakhubeka ndaweninye. Udliwano-ndlebe lwembali yomlomo no-Adrian Fisher, usekela mlawuli we-Arhente yoLawulo lweZigalo yase-US nokuthotywa kwezixhobo. Wayechaza isizathu sokuba uKennedy alibazise ukuqalisa kwakhona iimvavanyo zenyukliya ze-atmospheric de kube sekupheleni kuka-Epreli 1962, ngaphandle kokuqhubeka novavanyo lwenyukliya yaseSoviet kwiinyanga ezisibhozo ezidlulileyo. UKennedy wayefuna ukuqalisa kwakhona olu mvavanyo lwenyukliya lwaseMelika, uFisher wakhumbula, "kodwa waqonda ukuba baninzi abantu abaza kukhutyekiswa kakhulu yi-United States ephinda ivavanya umoya. Sasinabantu abakhetha i-White House, kwaye kwakukho imincili kakhulu ngayo-ngenxa yokuba amaRashiya eyenza, kutheni kufuneka siyenze? UFisher waqukumbela ngelithi: โKungenxa yoko le nto singaphindanga sivavanye umoya.โ Kwisithuba esingaphezu konyaka kamva, ngoAgasti 1963, emva koxinzelelo oluqatha lukawonke-wonke, urhulumente wase-US, weSoviet nowaseBritani batyikitya isivumelwano. Umnqophiso woBuhlu lweMvavanyo loPhuhliso, ukuthintela ukuvavanywa kwezixhobo zenyukliya emoyeni.
Embindini wengxaki yenyukliya yanamhlanje, ngaba uDonald Trump waseMelika kunye noKim Jong Un waseNyakatho Korea babenovelwano kuqhanqalazo loluntu? Mhlawumbi kunjalo; mhlawumbi akunjalo. Kodwa oorhulumente โ kwanabo bakhokelwa ngabantu abanekratshi, abangazinzanga engqondweni - abathintelwa kuluvo loluntu. Yaye ngubani owaziyo ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba abantu abaneleyo bayanyanzelisa, ngokuvakalayo nangokucacileyo, ukuba imfazwe yenyukliya ayimkelekanga?
Lawrence Wittner (http://www.lawrenceswittner.com) nguNjingalwazi weMbali ephumayo kwi-SUNY / Albany kunye nomlobi we Ukujongana neBhomu (IStanford University Press).
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela