Umongameli waseFransi u-Emmanuel Macron akangomlandeli woqhanqalazo. Une uhlekisiwe abaqhankqalazi bemanyano kwixa elidlulileyo ngokuba "ngamavila" kunye "nokugxeka" kwaye bagxeka abamanduleli bakhe e-Elysée Palace ngokunikezela ngokulula kwiimfuno zabo. abagxeki. Lo mongameli, uMacron uqinisekisile, uya kubambelela kwi-ajenda yakhe yohlengahlengiso olunobuhlobo-nangona ingathandwa. Njengoko owayesakuba yibhanki yotyalo-mali kunye nomphathiswa wezoqoqosho esitsho ngokungafihlisiyo ekwindla yokugqibela, "idemokhrasi ayikho esitratweni."
Yiloo nto eyenza ukuba isigqibo sikarhulumente waseFransi sokurhoxisa ukonyuka kwerhafu yamafutha kunyaka ozayo kube yinto engaqhelekanga. Emva kweeveki ezintathu zoqhanqalazo oluye lwanda ubundlobongela—olubangele kuze kuthi ga ekufeni kwabantu abathathu, ukonzakala kwangaphezu kwama-800, kwabanjwa ngaphezu kwe-1,600, kwanezixholoxholo kwezinye zezona ndawo zifumileyo zaseParis—ekugqibeleni iye yavumelana nemfuno eyintloko yoko kubizwa ngokuba. izilwanyana eziphuzi, okanye Yellow Vest, intshukumo.
Noko ke, abo banethemba lokuba olu qhankqalazo luza kuphela, banokuphoxeka. Inyathelo likarhulumente alizisombululi iingxaki ezinzulu ezisembindini woqhankqalazo olusuka emazantsi. Ekugqibeleni, oku akuzange kube malunga nerhafu yamafutha.
Ngaphandle kwezixeko ezikhulu, uninzi lwabantu baseFransi baqhuba iimoto. Ngumsebenzi otya i-chunk enkulu yengeniso yabo-ngokubanzi, ngakumbi kunabaqhubi base-United States, apho umvuzo omkhulu uphezulu kwaye oorhulumente belizwe bayayigcina. ngokumangalisayo amazinga erhafu aphantsi kwipetroli. Abantu baseFransi bafumana umvuzo wenyanga we-€ 1,700, ngokutsho kwi-arhente yamanani karhulumente, okanye malunga ne-1,900 yeedola. Ngeli xesha, i-diesel fuel, esetyenziswa ngabaqhubi abaninzi, iindleko ezingaphezulu ngaphezu kwe-€ 1.50 ilitha-ilingana ne-$ 6.74 igaloni. Ikhule ibiza kakhulu kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ngeendleko zonyuka malunga 25 ekhulwini.
Ukuphoxeka ngamaxabiso epetroli kuqale ukukhula kweli hlobo. Kodwa bafikelele kwinqanaba elitsha ngoSeptemba, xa urhulumente wabhengeza ukuba iya kunyuka irhafu kumpompo ngakumbi 10 ekhulwini ngoJanuwari 2019. Ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha, a Guqula.org isikhalazobefuna "ukwehliswa kwamaxabiso epetroli" kuzuze abantu abasayiniweyo abangama-500,000. Emva kokukhubeka kwisibongozo kwangaloo nyanga, umqhubi welori UEric Drouet yenze iphepha likaFacebook elingacacanga lifuna "intshukumo yesizwe ngokuchasene nokunyuswa kwerhafu" nge-17 kaNovemba.
Kwakungacacanga ukuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni. Kodwa bangaphezulu kwe-282,000 abantu abathe basabela kwikhwelo likaDrouet-uninzi lwabo bephethe i-traffic blocking kwiindawo zelizwe ezingaziwa ngoqhanqalazo, ukusuka kwiilali ezinabemi abaninzi eBrittany ukuya kwiindawo ezisebenza nzima kunxweme lweMeditera. Ukusukela ngoko, inani lababonisi liye lehla ngokwenene. Ngama-106,000 kuphela kwilizwe lonke abathe bangenela “uMthetho II” Novemba 24, kunye ne-75,000 "yoMthetho III" elandelayo uMgqibelo. Ngokwemigangatho yesiFrentshi, la manani athobileyo. Xa imibutho yabasebenzi yavela NangonaI-160,000 "ngosuku lwesenzo" ukukhusela "imodeli yaseFransi yentlalontle" ngosuku lweveki ngo-Okthobha, bobabini abashicileli kunye norhulumente abazange baqhwanyaze.
Nangona kunjalo, i-Yellow Vests ikwazile ukubamba indawo yesizwe, ifaka uloyiko phakathi kwezopolitiko ezingakhange zibonwe. ukususela ngokuiintsuku zikaNicolas Sarkozy kunye noqhanqalazo olungaphumelelanga lwe-2010 malunga nokunyuka kwexesha lomhlalaphantsi. Okokuqala, kungenxa yobundlobongela, obuqulathwe yimifanekiso esasazwe kumazwe ngamazwe yeemoto ezivuthayo kumbindi weParis kunye negraffiti echasene norhulumente. amabala iArc de Triomphe. Sekunjalo, eyona nto inkulu kakhulu libali lentshukumo elibonakala lizenzekela—ingxoxo engacwangciswanga kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo eyaqala ngaphandle kwenkxaso yamaqela ezopolitiko okanye imibutho yabasebenzi. Ngelixa Marine Le Pen yasekunene kude kwaye UJean-Luc Mélenchon abasekhohlo baye bobabini baxhasa i izilwanyana eziphuzi Intshukumo kwaye inethemba elicacileyo lokuzuza kwimpumelelo yayo, amaqela awo ngokwahlukeneyo adlale indima encinci kucwangciso lwamakhulu oqhanqalazo lwesizwe.
Igalelo elingakumbi kwilifu loloyiko ngoku eligubungele i-Elysée yinyaniso yokuba izilwanyana eziphuziukubala imvume yoluntu ngokubanzi-into enqabileyo kuyo nayiphi na intshukumo yezopolitiko eFransi. Akukho nalinye iqela elikhokelayo elonwabela kufutshane nenkxaso yesininzi, ngokutsho kuvoto lwezimvo. Kwaye kunjalo a poll olwenziwa emva nje koqhankqalazo lwangoMgqibelo ophelileyo eParis lubonise ukuba, ngelixa uninzi lungavumelani nokusetyenziswa kobundlobongela, abasixhenxe kwabalishumi basaxhasa ubundlobongela. izilwanyana eziphuzi intshukumo xa iyonke. Inkxaso ilandelela ngokusondeleyo imigca yeklasi. Ngokophononongo olwahlukileyo olukhutshwe ngoNovemba 28, malunga nesine-esihlanu sabaphenduli-abachazwe njengabasebenzi be-blue-collar kunye nenkonzo yecandelo leenkonzo zenkqubo ye-classification ye-socio-professional classification yaseFransi-babonise uvelwano okanye inkxaso yentshukumo. Ngama-56 ekhulwini kuphela abaphathi kunye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo abavakalelwa ngendlela efanayo.
Ukuba intshukumo ikwazile ukuphumelela inkxaso ebanzi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kungenxa yokuba ingene ngokucacileyo kwimvakalelo enzulu yokungabikho kokusesikweni kwezentlalo. Ngelixa olo luvo kwabelwana ngalo kuzwelonke kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, uqhanqalazo ngokwalo lwavela ngokubanzi emaphandleni nakwinto eyaziwa ngokuba le périurbain: iindawo zangaphandle ezinabemi abambalwa kunye neendawo zedolophu ezinkulu. Ezi yinxalenye yelizwe ethwaxwa yintswela-misebenzi ephezulu kwaye ixhomekeke kakhulu kutyalo-mali lukarhulumente ukugcina uluntu luhlala luhleli, ukusuka kwizibonelelo zentswela-ngqesho ukuya kuthungelwano lukaloliwe lukawonke-wonke oludibanisa nezixeko ezikhulu.
Ulindelo oluphezulu lwe Lumente kananjalo iza nokujongisisa izenzo zayo. Esi simo sengqondo sinokutolikwa ngendlela engeyiyo njengobutshaba kulo mbono wongenelelo lukawonke-wonke kuqoqosho-kwaye, ngokungamangalisiyo, abaphiko basekunene abavela phesheya baye bathelekelela ezabo iingcamango zenkululeko kwiliza loqhanqalazo. Kodwa inyani ihleli kukuba uninzi izilwanyana eziphuzi abanemfesane eFransi abachasi indima yelizwe kuqoqosho-bafuna nje ukuba yenze ngokufanelekileyo. Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, baye babona isibhedlele ukuvalwa, ukucuthwa kwenkonzo yeposi, kunye nohlaziyo lukaloliwe olubeka isiseko sorhwebo lwabucala kunye namaxabiso aphezulu amatikiti, njengaseUnited Kingdom. Ngokufana nokunyuka kweendleko zepetroli, ezi ayizozinto ezigcina abantu abazizityebi bengalali ebusuku.
Ngeli xesha, ukusukela oko wathatha isikhundla kunyaka onesiqingatha eyadlulayo, u-Emmanuel Macron uye wayalela ukuba kuqiniswe ibhanti kubasebenzi. Egameni lokulwa nentsilelo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, oorhulumente basekhaya babone inkxaso-mali yemisebenzi yethutyana icuthiwe, abantu abarhola imivuzo ephantsi baye bafumana ukucuthwa kwimisebenzi yabo. uncedo lwezindlu, nabadla umhlala-phantsi baye baphathwa ukunciphisa kwiitshekhi zabo zomhlalaphantsi. Izityebi zifumana uhlobo olwahluke kakhulu lonyango: Ukongamela uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakhe lokuqala njengomongameli, uMacron wakhawuleza wayokurhoxisa irhafu yobutyebi baseFransi, eyayifake isicelo kuphela kwabo banempahla engaphezulu kwe-1.3 yezigidi zeerandi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ingcamango ye ubulungisa bezemali, okanye “ubulungisa berhafu,” amanani abalaseleyo phakathi kwabaxhasi beVest eYellow: Kutheni abantu abaqhelekileyo, babuza, banyanzeliswe ukuba bafake ifolokhwe phezu kwesinye isibini esingamakhulu eeuro ngenyanga ngelixa izityebi ezinkulu zivuzwa nje ngokuba zizityebi kakhulu? Ngokunjalo, nangona ivakala ingaqhelekanga, abaqhankqalazi abaninzi bathi makarhoxe umongameli. Ngayo yomibini imigaqo-nkqubo yakhe exhamlisa ngokulinganayo izityebi kunye notyekelo lwakhe lokungabahoyi abagxeki bakhe, uMacron ungumzekelo wokurhoxa kukarhulumente uxanduva kwabo bangathathi ntweni.
Kwangaxeshanye, isabelo esingenasiphako sesibheno se-Yellow Vests sihamba ngokuchanekileyo ngokuswela kwabo iimfuno ezicacileyo. Xa izithethi ezimbini zombutho onyulwe kuFacebook zadibana nomphathiswa wezendalo uFrançois de Rugy kwiveki ephelileyo kwaye bamcela ukuba ayeke ukunyuswa kwerhafu yepetroli. zisiwe iqonga elikhulu le Iimfuno ezili-47. Kwakhona yakhiwe nge-intanethi poll, yi uxwebhu egutyungelwe kukungavisisani: Ucela urhulumente ukuba acuthe irhafu yemivuzo yabaqeshi kodwa ukwahlaba ikhwelo lokuba kunyuswe owona mvuzo uphantsi ohlawulayo kunye nerhafu eqhubekayo; ifuna ukuba abaphambukeli “badibane” ngcono kuluntu lwaseFransi, kodwa kwakhona urhulumente aphucule unyango lwakhe lwabo bafuna indawo yokukhosela. Amanye amanqaku eqonga athatha injongo kumaziko ezopolitiko aseFransi: ukutshitshisa i-Senate, enganyulwanga ngokuthe ngqo ngabavoti, kunye nokugunyazisa iireferendamu zelizwe kwimibuzo efumana ngaphezu kwenani elithile leesignesha.
Njengoko urhulumente eqonda eyona mfuno icacileyo yabaqhanqalazi, ibinzana elilandelayo lentshukumo ligutyungelwe ngamathandabuzo. Ngelixa besonwabela isantya kwaye bebonisa ukuzimisela ukuqhubeka beqhanqalaza, akucaci ncam ukuba bafuna ntoni abaqhankqalazi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ayinguye wonke umntu ovumayo ukuba kutheni behleli kunye esitratweni kwezi veki zidlulileyo. Kwaye phakathi kwababukeli abanovelwano akukho mvumelwano echazwe kakuhle malunga nokuba kutheni beziva besondelelene ngolo hlobo kwabo bazama irhasi yeenyembezi kwezi veki zidlulileyo.
Kolu hlaselo, iintsika zesiqhelo zamaFrentshi ashiyekileyo ziye zalibona ithuba. Ngenkxaso yemibutho yabafundi, abafundi besikolo esiphakathi kunye nabakwizikolo eziphakamileyo baye ubuncinci baphuma kwizikolo ezingama-200 kwilizwe lonke ukuqhankqalaza uhlaziyo lwakutsha nje kwiindawo eziphezulu baccalaureate iimviwo kwakunye neenkqubo ezintsha zokwamkelwa kwabafundi kwimfundo ephakamileyo. Abanye babalingane babo kwiidyunivesithi zaseParis banayo kwenziwe okufanayo phezu konyuso lwamva nje lwemali yokufunda ehlawuliswa abafundi abasuka ngaphandle kweManyano yaseYurophu. Umchasi wobuhlanga owaziwayo iqela, okwangoku, uye waxhasa i-Yellow Vests ngelixa ebiza ubulungisa kwi ibhanue, iindawo ezihlala ezidolophini ekuhlala kuzo abaphambukeli abaninzi nabemi baseFransi abanemvelaphi yama-Arabhu namaAfrika.
Ngokucacileyo ibambekile sisibheno sokuqala sombutho, iimanyano zabasebenzi zasekhohlo zifuna ukuvelisa amalungu kunye nabaxhasi, nabo. Ngelixa ingekagunyazisi iiVests eziMthubi ngegama, i-heavyweight General Confederation of Labor (CGT) ekugqibeleni ibize "usuku lokusebenza" kwilizwe liphela. Disemba 14. Kulinge elicacileyo lokuguqula igagasi elingalindelekanga leFrance lokhuphiswano kwicala eliqhubela phambili, ukuguqula incoko ukusuka kwisiqabu serhafu ukuya ekunyukeni kwimbuyekezo ngqo: I-CGT ibiza i-uptick kumvuzo omncinci, ukwanda kwezibonelelo zomhlalaphantsi, kunye nokwandiswa. womnatha wokhuseleko.
Kukho uhlobo lwefomula yomlingo edla ngokucelwa kwizangqa zamatshantliziyo aseFransi: imfuneko yokuba a convergence des luttes, okanye “ukudibana kwemizabalazo.” Kubantu abangachithi xesha lininzi becinga ngezopolitiko, eli gama lihlala livela njengeliqhekeziweyo kunye ne-utopian-iphawu lemanyano yabasebenzi esele inamava ukuba ingahambelani nabanye abantu. Ngowangaphambili ngoku ekhokela umva, umbono awuvakali kude kangaka namhlanje.
UCole Stangler yintatheli eseParis ebhala malunga nezabasebenzi kunye nezopolitiko. Owayesakuba ngumbhali wabasebenzi kwi-International Business Times kwaye Kula MaXesha, u-Cole ukwapapashe umsebenzi kwi VICE, Disent, kunye ne-The Village Voice.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela