Umthombo: I-Intercept
Umyalelo we-$ 12.7 yezigidi Amayeza abalulekileyo kunye nezixhobo zonyango, ezibekwe yibhanki yophuhliso yaseVenezuela kunye nePan American Health Organisation, igcinwe ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezimbini njengesiphumo esingathanga ngqo sezohlwayo zase-US. Isicelo, sikhenkcezwe yibhanki yesiPhuthukezi iNovo Banco, igubungela iisirinji ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30; Izigidi ezi-6 zokugonya imasisi, uqwilikana kunye nerubella; izigidi ezi-5.5 zezitofu zokugonya i-diphtheria kunye ne-tetanus; Izigidi ezi-2 zezitofu zokugonya ipoliyo; kunye nesigidi esi-1 sezitofu zokugonya i-yellow fever. Iza njengoko ilizwe lizabalaza nengxaki yezoqoqosho eyohlwayayo kwaye liye lalwa nokunyuka okuphawulekayo kwisifo esithintelwayo sesitofu kwiminyaka yakutshanje - i-diphtheria kunye ne-diphtheria. imasisi, ukuthi ngqo.
Xa ujongene nokugxekwa phezu kwayo isohlwayo sokutshayela ngokuchasene neVenezuela, urhulumente wase-US uhlala ekhomba ngokubanzi ukukhululwa eluntwini endaweni, ethi ivumele ukuhamba simahla kokutya kunye namayeza kwabo basweleyo. Kodwa njengoko ingxabano eqhubekayo malunga nokuthunyelwa kwezonyango kubonisa, oko akusoloko kunjalo.
Ngokwamaxwebhu abiwe kunye ne-Intercept, i-Novo Banco esekwe eLisbon kangangeeveki ezininzi yalile ukuvuma ukudluliselwa kombolekisi wasePortugal ukuya kwi-Pan American Health Organisation, okanye i-PAHO, iarhente yezempilo yoluntu enxulumene noMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi.
UNovo Banco akazange aphendule kwisicelo sakhe. Kodwa ngokutsho kwabagxeki kwiPalamente yaseYurophu, intengiselwano emisiweyo bubungqina bokufikelela okubanzi kunye neziphumo ezibi zezohlwayo zase-US ngokuchasene neVenezuela. Iqinisiwe phantsi kolawulo lukaTrump kwaye ishiywe endaweni nguMongameli uJoe Biden, ezi zithintelo zinzima kakhulu kwiibhanki nakumaziko emali-nalawo asebenza ngaphandle kwemida yase-US.
Ukulibaziseka kukaNovo Banco yinxalenye yongquzulwano olukhulu ngakumbi ibhanki enalo norhulumente waseVenezuela. Ukuqala ekuqaleni kuka-2019, emva kokuba umenzi wezomthetho weqela eliphikisayo uJuan Guaidรณ ezibhengeze njengomongameli wexeshana welizwe kwaye wakhawuleza wafumana ukuvunywa yi-US kunye ne-European Union, amaziko ezezimali kulo lonke elaseYurophu amisa asethi karhulumente kaNicolรกs Maduro okanye anxulumana ngokusondeleyo nayo. La maqumrhu aquka inkampani yeoli elawulwa ngurhulumente waseVenezuela kunye nebhanki yophuhliso loluntu, eyaziwa njenge Iibhendi.
Isiphumo kubandakanya ngokukhawuleza $ 1.7 billion eNovo Banco, ibhanki eyenziwe ngo-2014 ngexesha lentlekele yezemali yasePortugal. Ikota yobunini bebhanki yeyasePortugal Ingxowa yesiGqibo, ingxowa-mali ekhethekileyo exhaswa ngurhulumente ukunceda ukuzinzisa iibhanki. Ezinye iikota ezintathu ngumnini yinkampani yabucala yaseMelika iLone Star.
Nangona i-EU inalo akusenjalo Uqaphele uGuaidรณ njengomongameli waseVenezuela ukusukela ngoJanuwari, ungquzulwano luye lwaqhubeka eNovo Banco. Ngokwesigqibo sikaJulayi esivela kwijaji yaseLisbon, umbolekisi wasePutukezi ugunyaziswe ngokucacileyo ukuba avume ukuthengiselana kwiBandes, ngokude nje ukuba ukuthengiselana kufumane imvume kwijaji kwangaphambili. Leyo kanye yinkqubo yebhanki yophuhliso yaseVenezuela ejolise ekuqaliseni kweli hlobo.
Ngomhla wama-22 kaJulayi, uBandes ucele imvume kwiNovo Banco ukuba ithumele malunga ne-12.7 yezigidi ze-odolo kwi-PAHO. Ukunciphisa ukwesaba ukuphulwa kwesohlwayo sase-US kunye nokwandisa amathuba okufumana ukukhanya okuluhlaza kwijaji, i-Bandes iphakamise ukuqhuba ukudluliselwa kwi-reais yaseBrazil kunye nokubeka imali ngokuthe ngqo kwi-akhawunti ye-PAHO esekelwe eBrasilia. Ikwabandakanya ulwazi malunga neyeza kunye nezibonelelo ekuthethwa ngazo.
Kwiinyanga ezimbini kamva, nangona kunjalo, uNovo Banco akakanikeli ubhontsi. NgoSeptemba 15, uMongameli weBandes uHรฉctor Andrรฉs Obregรณn Pรฉrez wathumela ileta yokulandelelana kwi-CEO ye-Novo Banco u-Antonio Ramalho, emcela ukuba aqhubele phambili kwintengiselwano, eqaphela ukuba intlawulo "ingxamisekile" kwaye "ngenxa yezizathu zobuntu."
Ngoku nguNovo Banco ukungasebenzi kubangela ukugxekwa ngaphandle kweVenezuela. Iqela lamalungu angama-24 ePalamente yaseYurophu aceba ukukhulula ileta ngoLwesine ecela umbolekisi wasePortugal ukuba aqhubele phambili nomyalelo waseVenezuela wamayeza. Le leta, ekwabelwana ngayo ngaphambi kokukhululwa koluntu kunye ne-Intercept, ithi "akukho mqobo usemthethweni okanye ngaphandle kwezomthetho onokuthi uthintele ibhanki yesiPhuthukezi ukuba yenze ugqithiselo lwemali yeBandes kwi-reais yaseBrazil ngqo kwiakhawunti yebhanki yaseBrazil ukuze ihlawule. kwizinto zokunceda abantu.โ
Eli qela likwakhala ngelithi "iibhanki zaseYurophu ziyaqhubeka nokuthobela kakhulu" izohlwayo zase-US ngokuchasene neVenezuela ngaphandle kwemizamo "yokucacisa ukuba uncedo loluntu luvumelekile kwaye luyanqweneleka."
Lugxeko olufana nolo lwenziwe yiProgressive International, ebutsheni balo nyaka lu ngi selelwe inkomfa ukuqaqambisa Iziphumo ezibi zezohlwayo zase-US kwimpilo yoluntu- kwaye ngakumbi, umlo wehlabathi ochasene ne-Covid-19.
"Ityala likaNovo Banco likwenza kucace: izigwebo zibulala," uJames Schneider, umlawuli wezonxibelelwano we-Progressive International, uxelele I-Intercept. โUmongameli uJoe Biden kunye neG7 bayakuthanda ukuthetha ngesidingo 'somanyano' xa sijongana nobhubhane wehlabathi. Ukanti imigaqo-nkqubo yabo yezoqoqosho ivale onke amazwe ukuba angakwazi ukufikelela kumayeza asisiseko asindisa ubomi kwaye akhusele iingeniso zamaqumrhu abo axuba amayeza phambi kobomi babantu bemihla ngemihla ababulawa yi-Covid-19 kunye nezinye izifo. โ
Isithethi seSebe lase-US sinqabile ukuphawula.
Ngokwenxalenye yayo, iOfisi yeSebe likaNondyebo weOfisi yoLawulo lweMpahla yaNgaphandle - okanye i-OFAC, iarhente eyongamela ukunyanzeliswa kwezohlwayo - igcina ukuba izithintelo ezahlukeneyo zokwenza ishishini eVenezuela azibathinteli abantu ekufumaneni ukutya kunye namayeza afuneka kakhulu. Ngo-Agasti ka-2019, nasemva kokuba ulawulo lukaTrump luqinise izohlwayo njengenxalenye yento ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu ngokuchasene noMaduro, iOFAC yakhupha umthetho. khokelo egxininisa ukuba "ukuhamba kweempahla kunye neenkonzo zobuntu kubantu baseVenezuela akuthintelwanga izohlwayo zase-US."
Nangona kunjalo, amaziko emali ngamanye amaxesha adlulela ngaphaya koko kufunwa ngumthetho, ebaleka ukugunyazisa iintengiselwano ezithile ngenxa yelumkiso okanye uloyiko lokubeka emngciphekweni izohlwayo eziqatha. Njengoko i-Intercept umbiko ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, umzekelo, urhulumente waseVenezuela watyhola izohlwayo zase-US ngokuphazamisa amandla akhe okufikelela kugonyo lwe-Covid-19 ngokusebenzisa i-COVAX, inyathelo lokwabelana ngesitofu sehlabathi elixhaswa nguMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi. (Ngelo xesha, iSebe likaRhulumente layikhaba ngawo omane ingcamango yokuba lithwele uxanduva.) Phofu ke, ekugqibeleni iVenezuela yayifumana imbopheleleko yayo. ukuthunyelwa kokuqala ngeCOVAX kule nyanga. Yayililizwe lokugqibela eMzantsi Merika ukuyifumana.
U-Alena Douhan, ongunobhala okhethekileyo weZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga namanyathelo okunyanzeliswa kwelinye icala kunye namalungelo oluntu, naye uye watsalela ingqalelo kulo mba. NgoFebruwari, uye wakhupha i-preliminary umbiko kwiziphumo zezohlwayo zangaphandle eVenezuela, ukubiza ukukhululwa okukhoyo koluntu "akusebenzi kwaye akusebenzi kakuhle" kwaye ukuphikisana "umphumo owonakalisayo" wezohlwayo "uphindaphindwa ngokugqithiswa kwemida kunye nokuthotyelwa ngokugqithisileyo." UDouhan uye wakhetha ngokukodwa i-Novo Banco: NgoJulayi, wathumela i ileta ebhankini kunye namanye amagosa e-UN apho bagxeka khona ubukho "bokukhula kokuthotyelwa, imigaqo-nkqubo ye-zero-risk" kwaye bakhumbuza umbolekisi wasePortugal ukuba amazwe angamalungu e-EU awavumelekanga ukuthobela izigwebo zase-US.
Ngelixa iingxoxo zishushu malunga nokuba ngubani onoxanduva, kucacile ukuba umfanekiso obanzi wezoqoqosho kunye nezempilo yoluntu eVenezuela usahleli umfiliba. Engaphezulu kwe million 5 abantu baye babaleka kweli lizwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokutsho koMkomishinala oPhezulu weeMbacu weZizwe Ezimanyeneyo. Ngokutsho kukarhulumente US ngokwakhe USAID I-arhente, i-7 yezigidi zaseVenezuela zidinga uncedo loluntu.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ulawulo lweBiden luye ikhutshiwe iifowuni ukutshintsha kakhulu indlela Trump-era ukuya Venezuela. Kwingxelo edibeneyo ikhutshiwe ngoJuni ecaleni kwe-EU kunye neCanada, i-US ithe iya kuqwalasela ukunciphisa izohlwayo eVenezuela ukuba "inkqubela phambili enentsingiselo" yenziwa kwiingxoxo phakathi kwamanani aphikisayo kunye norhulumente. Oku ngenyanga, abameli abavela kwiinkampu zikaGuaidรณ kunye neMaduro baye babamba iindibano ezimbini zeengxoxo kwiSixeko saseMexico esilamlwa yiNorway. Njengoko ukhetho lwengingqi lukaNovemba lusondela, uMaduro unalo Kwaqhwatywa izandla inkqubela kwiingxoxo, ngelixa a mazwi ikhutshwe liSebe lezangaphandle laseNorway ngoMvulo yathi "izikhundla zamacala omabini zisondele."
UCole Stangler yintatheli eseParis ebhala ezopolitiko kunye nemiba yabasebenzi. Umsebenzi wakhe uvele kwiindawo ezinje ngeSizwe, Jacobin, uMgaqo-nkqubo waNgaphandle, uMgcini, kunye neWashington Post.
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