Xa uVenorica Tucker wayekwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, wayesebenza njengomncedisi kwivenkile yokutyela yeMarriott Corporation eWashington, DC Kwakuphakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1960 kwaye umvuzo wakhe wawuyi-66 yeesenti ngeyure, kunye neengcebiso.
Ngoku uneminyaka engama-70 ubudala, uTucker ngoku ukhonza ukutya kunye neebartends njengekontraka kwiNdlu yaBameli baseMelika, kwaye ngelixa umvuzo wakhe unyuke kakhulu kule minyaka ingama-50 nangaphezulu idlulileyo, usazifumana erhorhozela.
Umvuzo wakhe, uthi, uyahluka ngokwekhalenda yeCongress. “Kulo msebenzi, xa ungasebenzi, akukho ntlawulo. Ndandinobunzima kakhulu ngexesha lokuvalwa kukarhulumente. Khumbula, yathatha ixesha elingaphezu kwenyanga kwaye nangona ndandikwazi ukuqokelela izibonelelo zokungaphangeli, ukungaphangeli ixesha elide kwathetha ukuba ndawa ngasemva kumatyala am. Ndisadlala umdlalo wokubambisa emva kweenyanga ezine.”
U-Tucker ugxininisa ukuba usebenza nzima kakhulu kwaye ukholelwa ukuba ufanelwe ukubuyekezwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye aphathwe ngentlonipho, ngaphandle kokuxhatshazwa kwezoqoqosho kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo okuxhaphakileyo kweli shishini. Yaye ayinguye yedwa ovakalisa ezi mfuno zisisiseko.
Ngoku ka Amathuba okutyela aManyeneyo, umbutho ongenzi nzuzo kunye neziko labasebenzi elixhasa lize lidibanise abasebenzi bevenkile yokutyela kulo lonke ilizwe, ngaphezu kwe-13 yezigidi zabahlali base-US, uninzi lwabo ngabafazi bemibala, baqeshwe kwiindawo zokutyela. Kwiindawo ze-18, bafumana umvuzo osisiseko we-$ 2.13 ngeyure kunye neengcebiso, umvuzo omncinci ophantsi oye wamiswa ukususela ngo-1991. Montana, Nevada, Oregon kunye neWashington - zibonelela ngokupheleleyo ubuncinci federal kwabo basiphakelayo ukutya kwethu xa sisitya.
Oku kushiya amakhulu amawaka abasebenzi behlwempuzekile; kwisiXeko saseNew York kuphela, a ebusika 2019 uphando oluqhutywa yiRestaurant Amathuba Centres United kunye noMbutho weNkonzo yoLuntu yafumanisa ukuba 36 ekhulwini abasebenzi tipped abaqeshwe eateries, salon iinzipho kunye nokuhlamba imoto bahlala okanye ngaphantsi kwe federal intlupheko line - $16,460 kwikhaya-abantu ababini; I-$ 25,100 yezine - kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kwakufuneka ixhomekeke kwiitampu zokutya, iikhikhini zesobho kunye neMedicaid.
INew York ayiyongxaki. Iziko loMgaqo-nkqubo woQoqosho fu maneka ukuba kumazwe avumela ukuhlawulwa kowona mvuzo uphantsi, i-18.5 yeepesenti yabasebenzi ihlwempuzekile; kumazwe apho wonke umntu ufumana ubuncinci bomdibaniso, izinga lentlupheko lehla laya kutsho kwi-11.1 ekhulwini. Ngaphezu koko, iziko amanqaku ukuba ukuvala ikroba kuMthetho oyiFair Labor Standards Act ka-1938 ovumela intlawulo yomvuzo ongaphantsi kowona mvuzo usezantsi, kunye nokunyuswa kobuncinane beyure ukuya kwi-15 yeedola ngo-2024, kuya konyusa imivuzo yama-38.1 ekhulwini yabase-Afrika baseMelika kunye nama-23.2 ekhulwini abasebenzi abamhlophe.
Inkxaso yokuPhakanyiswa koMthetho woMvuzo
Yiyo loo nto amaZiko amaThuba eNdawo yokutyela eManyeneyo exhasa ukuPhakanyiswa koMthetho woMvuzo, i-HR582, umthetho wokuphelisa owona mvuzo usezantsi umncinci kwaye uzise abasebenzi abanikwe ingcebiso kumgangatho womanyano. Umthetho oyilwayo waziswa nguBobby Scott (D-Virginia); i-Senate companion bill, S.150, yaziswa nguBernie Sanders (I-Vermont). AmaZiko aMathuba okutyela aManyeneyo nawo axhasa iinzame zombuso zokwenza oko bakubizayo Umvuzo omnye olungileyo mithetho.
Amashumi amathathu anesithandathu eepesenti abasebenzi abanikwe iingcebiso abaqeshwe kwiindawo zokutyela, iisaluni zeenzipho kunye nokuhlamba iimoto baxhomekeke kwizitampu zokutya, iikhitshi zesuphu kunye neMedicaid.
U-Anthony Advincula, igosa lemicimbi yoluntu kwi-Restaurant Opportunities Centres United, uphawula ukuba amazwe ali-16 ngoku aqwalasela amatyala oMvuzo oLungileyo, kodwa ugxininisa ukuba inkcaso evela kuMbutho weSizwe wokutyela - obizwa ngokuba "enye NRA”—uburhalarhume.
“Ukuba ithe yaphunyezwa, iHR582 iza kuthintela ukudalwa kwemisebenzi emitsha, yenze umonakalo ongafanelekanga kubanini bamashishini abancinci besizwe, kwaye yenzakalise abo ithi bayabanceda,” isithethi seNational Restaurant Association uMollie O'Dell ubhalele kwi-imeyile. Inyaniso.
Akumangalisi ukuba, amaZiko aMathuba okutyela aManyeneyo angavumelani. “Badale umbutho ongeyonyani, obizwa ngokuba yiRestaurant Workers of America, ukucela uloyiko lokuba iindawo zokutyela ziya kuvala kwaye imisebenzi iza kupheliswa,” utshilo u-Advincula. “Inyaniso yeyokuba umbutho awufuni kuphelisa umrholo ongaphantsi kuba uza kubaxabisa. Kodwa lo ngumba wobulungisa bobuhlanga nesini. Uninzi lwabasebenzi abaxhatshazwa ngowona mvuzo uphantsi ngabaphambukeli, abantu bebala noomama abangenamaqabane omtshato abahlwempuzekileyo nangona besebenza ixesha elizeleyo.”
Ngaphezu koko, inzulu uphando lwe Uphononongo lweNtatheli yeColumbia iqinisekisa ukuba Abasebenzi beRestaurant baseMelika baxhaswa ngemali ngokupheleleyo ngabanini zokutyela. Ukongeza, uphando lufumanise ukuba abameli balo baphoswe ngamathuba ambalwa okuvela "namaqela arhweba kwivenkile zokutyela kunye nezopolitiko zaseRiphabhlikhi" okoko bedibene ngo-2017.
Intlanganisela ebanzi yamalungelo abasetyhini, amaqela obulungisa babasebenzi kunye nobuhlanga aye adibana ngo-2016 ukuxhasa uMvuzo oNgcono oNye.
Oko kuthethiweyo, uMbutho weSizwe wokutyela kunye nabasebenzi bezokutyela baseMelika baye basebenza kakuhle ekujongeleni phantsi amaphulo oMvuzo oNye olungileyo eNew York, eMichigan naseWashington, DC.
ENew York, u-Advincula uthi, u-Gov. Andrew Cuomo unegunya lokuyalela umkomishinala wezabasebenzi ukuba aphelise umvuzo omncinci-into awayezimisele ukuyenza. Sixhengxe iindlebe kulo mbandela babanjwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zombuso phakathi kuka-Epreli noJuni 2018. "Yonke into yayimiselwe ukwenza olu tshintsho kodwa uCuomo akazange asifezekise isithembiso sakhe," u-Advincula ubika. “Umcimbi ubonakala umile. Siye saqhagamshelana nerhuluneli ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuze sitsho ukuba kufuneka imamele uninzi lwabasebenzi bevenkile yokutyela. Endaweni yoko, umamele iRestaurant Workers of America kunye neNational Restaurant Association. Iphulo labo belisoyikisa. Kulinyala ukuva abasebenzi bevenkile yokutyela bexoxa besithi hayi, abafuni ukonyuswa kowona mvuzo uphantsi, izinto zilungile njengoko zinjalo. Sicinga ukuba kungenxa yoko le nto uCuomo eyekile isibhambathiso sakhe sokuphelisa owona mvuzo uphantsi [umvuzo].
U-Diana Ramirez ngummeli ophezulu womgaqo-nkqubo kwi-Restaurant Opportunities Centres United, kodwa, kude kube kutshanje, ukhokele iWashington, DC, isahluko sombutho kwaye ulungelelanise inyathelo lokuvota lonyaka ophelileyo ukuzisa uMvuzo omnye oNgcono kwiSithili sase-Columbia. Njengoko iphulo liqhubeka, isahluko se-DC saMathuba okutyela aManyeneyo sangena kwi-endemic, ukuxhaphazwa ngokwesondo ngokubanzi kwishishini - kunye nentlawulo yesiseko enganelanga - kuba abasebenzi abamivuzo yabo ixhomekeke kwiingcebiso bahlala beziva bethulisiwe xa kuziwa ekulweni ngokuchasene nokuhlaselwa. ukuziphatha. Uthi: “Izinga lokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kubasebenzi bendawo yokutyela lelona liphezulu kulo naliphi na ishishini. "Ingqondo yokuba 'umthengi usoloko echanekile' yenze kwanzima kubasebenzi abaneengcebiso ezixhomekeke kwisisa sabaxhasi."
Umdibaniso obanzi wamalungelo abasetyhini, amaqela obulungisa babasebenzi kunye nobuhlanga badibana ngo-2016 ukuxhasa uMvuzo omnye oNgcono - amalungu omanyano asuka kwisahluko se-DC soMbutho weSizwe wabaseTyhini, ukuya phambili ngokudibeneyo, i-Alianza Nacional de Campesinas, iDemocratic Socialists. yaseMelika, kunye namaJuda aManyeneyo kubuLungisa. Injongo yayikukubeka i-One Fair Wage measure - ebizwa ngokuba yi-Initiative 77 - kwivoti kaJulayi 2018.
AmaZiko amaThuba okutyela aManyeneyo asebenza ixesha elongezelelekileyo ukuchasa ulwazi olungachananga olutyhalwa ngamaqela eenkwenkwezi ezifana neRestaurant Workers of America.
Inkcaso evela kwiRestaurant Workers of America kunye neNational Restaurant Association yakhawuleza. "Bafumana abasebenzi, uninzi lwabamhlophe abangamadoda abasebenza kumaziko aphakamileyo, ukuba baphume baye kukhwaza abafazi bemibala naphi na apho siya khona," utshilo uRamirez. Thunti. "Yimpembelelo yeTrumpian: Ngandlela thile ukwenza ngcono kuya kundenza ndibe mbi ngakumbi."
Ukungahoyi Iminqweno yoLuntu
Nangona i-pushback, i inyathelo lokuvota eWashington, DC., iphumelele ngama-56 eepesenti yevoti, kwaye abavoti kuyo yonke indawo ngaphandle kommelwane omnye baxhasa uMvuzo Olungileyo Omnye. Kodwa uloyiso lwaba lolwexeshana. URamirez ubonisa ukuba emva kokuba umlinganiselo wokuvota udlulile, intlangano yokutyela yangena kwigiya eliphezulu kwaye yacela ngempumelelo iBhunga lesiXeko se-DC ukuba liwutshitshise umlinganiselo.
"IBhunga lixelele abantu abaNtsundu, uninzi lwabemi kwi-DC, ukuba ivoti yabo ayinamsebenzi," uchaza uRamirez. “Abantu babecaphukile kwaye emva kokuba ivoti irhoxisiwe, ukuthontelana kobulungisa bobuhlanga kunye namaqela axhasa idemokhrasi beza kwiRestaurant Opportunities Centres United baza bathi, ‘Sifuna ukusebenzisana nawe ukukhusela idemokhrasi.’”
Uvoto malunga noku luphambi kweenkundla. “Inokuthatha unyaka, kude kube sekupheleni kuka-2019 okanye ekuqaleni kuka-2020,” utshilo uRamirez, “kodwa ayisiyiyo into esiza kuyiyeka. Siyaqhubeka nokulungiselela uMvuzo oMnye olungileyo. Likamva leshishini lokutyela, nokuba bayathanda okanye abathandi.
Uninzi lwabasebenzi bokutyela abaneengcebiso bayaqhubeka nokujongana nokungakhuseleki kwezoqoqosho.
Umlo ofanayo uyenzeka eMichigan. "Uninzi lwabantu baseMichigander kwishishini lokutyela - abacetywayo kwaye abangabalulekanga - bafumana ngaphantsi kweedola ezili-12 ngeyure," uSekela Mlawuli u-Alicia Farris ovela kwisebe laseMichigan lamaZiko aMathuba okutyela aManyeneyo uqala. “Sithetha ngabazali nabantwana. Njengoko sisazi ukuba abantwana abakhulela kwintlupheko baqala ngentsilelo, sisebenze nzima ukuze sifumane uMvuzo oLungileyo oNye kuvoto luka-2018.” UFarris uthi amaZiko aMathuba okutyela aManyeneyo ahlanganise amakhulu amavolontiya ukuba aqokelele iisignesha ezingama-253,000 ezifunwa yiBhodi ye-Canvassers ye-State Canvassers kwaye ngaphandle komceli mngeni ovela kuMbutho weSizwe wokutyela, bafumana imvume yokuzisa lo mba kubavoti baseMichigan.
Emva koko kwenzeka into ebengayilindelanga. NgoSeptemba 5, i-2018, indlu yowiso-mthetho yelizwe ipasise uMvuzo oMnye olungileyo. “Iseshini yedada eqhwalelayo yaqala ngosuku olusemva koNyulo kwaye yaphela kanye ngaphambi kweKrisimesi,” utshilo uFarris. "Kwabonakala ukuba indlu yowiso-mthetho ipasile [uMvuzo omnye oLungileyo] ukuze iwuphelise." Ngokutsho kwesahluko saseMichigan seRestaurant Opportunities Centres United, iseshoni yedada eqhwalelayo ivotele ukunyusa ubuncinci bubonke bubonke ngokunyukayo, ingafiki kwi-$12.05 ngeyure ukuya kutsho ngo-2030. ngeyure, ukusuka kwi-3.52 yeedola ukuya kwi-3.59 yeedola, ukusebenza nge-29 kaMatshi walo nyaka. Umlinganiselo wokuqala uphakamise ubuncinci obuncinci ukusuka kwi-3.52 yeedola ukuya kwi-12 yeedola ngo-2024.
An Uhleli in USA namhlanje icacisa ngokubhekele phaya: “Ejongene namanyathelo okuvota ebeya kuphakamisa owona mvuzo uphantsi aze amisele ixesha lokugula kubo bonke abasebenzi bakarhulumente, amaRiphabhlikhi endaweni yoko apasise omabini la macebiso kwihlobo elidluleyo njengendlela yokubagcina bengavoti kwaye benze kube lula ukutshintsha.”
Iinkundla zikhoyo ngoku qwa lasela ingaba uluvo lwe-1964 oluthintela indlu yowiso-mthetho “ukuba lulungise [ukulungisa] isindululo esisungulwe ngabemi kwiseshoni yowiso-mthetho efanayo” luya kubamba.
Okwangoku, uFarris uthi amalungu e-Restaurant Opportunities Centres United aqhubeka ethetha nabasemthethweni, benza umsebenzi wokuphuma kwiVoti kunye nokufundisa uluntu malunga nenkqubo yomthetho. “Uya kumangaliswa ukuba bangaphi abantu abangaziyo ukuba lithetha ukuthini idada elisisiqhwala,” utshilo, ephawula ukuba ngenxa yokuba abasebenzi abaninzi bevenkile yokutyela banexesha elincinane lokuphanda ngomgaqo-nkqubo wezopolitiko nzulu, umceli mngeni wokulungiselela mkhulu. “Abantu bayoyika xa kufika umntu ocengayo kwaye abaxelele ukuba ukuphelisa umvuzo ongaphantsi kowona mvuzo uza kukhokelela ekuphulukaneni nemisebenzi,” wongezelela. Kodwa kungenxa yoko le nto isahluko saseMichigan saMathuba okutyela aManyeneyo sisebenza ixesha elongezelelekileyo ukuchasa ulwazi olungelulo olutyhalwa ngamaqela eenkwenkwezi ezifana neRestaurant Workers of America.
Abasebenzi Bayaqhubeka Bexhatshazwa
Ngeli xesha, uninzi lwabasebenzi bendawo yokutyela abathe gqolo ukujongana nokungakhuseleki kwezoqoqosho. UTrupti Patel ebengumncedisi wengingqi yaseWashington, DC kule minyaka ilithoba idlulileyo. “Uninzi lwabaphathi bevenkile yokutyela e-US ngamadoda amhlophe,” utshilo uPatel. "Ukuba baziva bekhutshiwe nguwe, okanye ukuba awuzange utsibe xa bedlala ngothando, ungaphela ngokutshintshatshintsha okanye isikhululo esingafumani zithuthi zininzi." U-Patel ukholelwa ukuba ukubhangiswa kowona mvuzo uphantsi kuya kuwunciphisa lo mandla. “Umvuzo kumsebenzi wokutyela uyaguquguquka; azinzanga kodwa amatyala ethu awatshintshi,” uqhube watsho. “I-US kuphela kwelizwe emhlabeni apho ububele bungajongwa njengomsebenzi. Andiyifumani i-inshurensi yezempilo nangona ndisebenza ngokusisigxina. Ndihlawula i-$423 ngenyanga epokothweni ngayo. Abasebenzi abakwimizi-mveliso enganikwanga ngcebiso banemivuzo eqikelelwayo, izibonelelo zomhlalaphantsi, i-inshurensi yezempilo kunye nexesha elihlawulelwayo lokuphumla. Oku akufane kwenzeke kurhwebo lokwamkela iindwendwe.”
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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