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Umthombo: Ukuphikisa
Kwiinyanga ezimbini ezidlulileyo, xa ndabhala "Ileta eya eNtshona Ekhohlo esuka eKyiv,โ bendinethemba lokuba ukothuka kohlaselo lwaseRussia kunye namazwi e-Ukrainian asekhohlo kuya kutyhala abantu abasekhohlo baseNtshona ukuba baphinde bayiqwalasele indlela yabo. Ngelishwa, abaninzi kubo baye basilela ukwenjenjalo. Kuhlahlelo lwabo lwemfazwe, abantu baseUkraine bangamaxhoba nje in imfuneko of uncedo loluntu, kungekhona abantu abaneminqweno efanele ukuhlonelwa.
Ewe, oku akusebenzi kuye wonke umntu osekhohlo-hayi ngokudubula okude. Amaqela asekhohlo aseScandinavia kwakunye nezaseMpuma Yurophu baye bamamela abantu baseUkraine kwaye baxhasa ukuhanjiswa kwezixhobo eUkraine. Enye inkqubela eyenzekayo phakathi kobusoshiyali base-US. Kodwa ngelishwa, nokuba a ingxelo edityanisiweyo ngamasoshiyali aseUkraine naseRashiya akaqinisekisanga abantu ngokwaneleyo ukuba baxhase uncedo lomkhosi. Lkwaye ndizame ukulungisa ekhohlo kwakhona.
Imfazwe Yobulungisa?
Masiqale ngokuphendula umbuzo oqhelekileyo: "Kutheni iUkraine inikwe ingqwalasela engaka kwaye ibonelele ngoncedo olungaka ngelixa ezinye iimfazwe zehlabathi zingekho?" Okokuqala, ngaba imiphumo enokubakho yemfazwe ayisosizathu esaneleyo sokunikela ingqalelo engakumbi kuyo? Sagqibela nini ukuba ihlabathi lisondele kangaka kwisisongelo semfazwe yenyukliya? Okwesibini, ndiyavuma ukuba ezinye iingxabano zinikwa ingqalelo enganeleyo. Njengoko ndenzile ebhaliwe ngaphambili, into yokuba iYurophu iphathe iimbacu zase-Ukraine ngcono kakhulu kunabo baseSyria nase-Afghan ngenxa yobuhlanga. Eli lixesha elifanelekileyo lokugxeka iipolitiki zokufuduka kwaye ubonise ukuba uncedo olwandisiweyo kubabaleki base-Ukraine kufuneka lunikezelwe kubo bonke ababaleki.
Ndikhumbula enye impixano exhobileyo apho iinxalenye zekhohlo zazinabo "abafana abalungileyo" (kunye neegals) kwaye zabahlawula ingqwalasela enkulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iingxabano ezixhobileyo: iRojava. I-Ukraine ayikho iRojava, kwaye sinokudwelisa izikhalazo ezininzi malunga nepolisi yasekhaya nezangaphandle yeZelenskyi. I-Ukraine ayisiyiyo nedemokhrasi yakudala yenkululeko-apha, wonke umongameli omtsha uzama ukuqokelela amandla amaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezingekho sikweni, ipalamente ipasisa imithetho echasene nomgaqo-siseko, kwaye amalungelo kunye nenkululeko yabemi bahlala benyhashwa. Kwanasebudeni bemfazwe, urhulumente waseUkraine uye wawisa umthetho ocutha amalungelo abasebenzi. Kule nkalo, awahlukanga kangako kulo lonke elaseMpuma Yurophu.
DNgaba oku kuthetha ukuba abantu baseUkraine kufuneka banikezele emzabalazweni? Kum, impendulo icacile: Ndagqiba kwelokuba ndibe lilungu leTerritorial Defence Forces ekuqaleni kwemfazwe. Kodwa ndikude nenye kuphela. Ama-Anarchists avela eUkraine, eBelarus, kunye nabambalwa abavela eRashiya silwa ngoku kuKhuseleko lweNdawo okanye bayanceda. Abamthandi uZelensky kunye nombuso ngokwawo, baye bavalelwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngexesha loqhanqalazo lwamapolisa (njengoko bendinjalo), kwaye abanye abahlaziyi bangaphandle baye bajongana neenzame zokugxothwa ngeenkonzo ezizodwa. Kodwa sekunjalo saya emfazweni. Yunokucinga ukuba aba abangoo-anarchists "wokwenene".-okanyer usenokucinga ngoluvo lokuba kukho into esiyaziyo ngeMpuma Yurophu ongayiqondiyo.
Ndingusoshiyali, kwaye andicingi ukuba kufuneka ukhusele ilizwe lakho kuyo nayiphi na imfazwe yokuzikhusela. Isigqibo esinjalo kufuneka sixhomekeke kuhlalutyo lwabathathi-nxaxheba, imeko yentlalo yemfazwe, iimvakalelo zabantu, umxholo obanzi, kunye nemiphumo enokubakho yeziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba i-Ukraine yayiqhutywa yi-junta ye-fascist kwaye imeko yayiye yavezwa yi-propaganda yaseRashiya, ndandiya kulugxeka uhlaselo, kodwa andizange ndijoyine umkhosi. Ukukhokela umzabalazo wamaqela azimeleyo kuya kufaneleka ngakumbi. Kukho ezinye Ukuhlasela, njengokuhlasela kwe-US e-Afghanistan okanye e-Iraq, oko kufuneka igwetywe, kodwa ngaba bekuya kuba kulungile ukulwela ulawulo lweTaliban okanye uSaddam Hussein? Andiyiqondi. Ngaba idemokhrasi yaseUkraine ekude-egqibeleleyo ifanele ukukhuselwa kuyo Ulawulo lukaPutin lwepara-fascist? Ewe.
Ndiyazi ukuba abaninzi abawathandi amagama anjalo. Emva kwe-2014, xa yayidume e-Ukraine ukubiza u-Putin i-fascist, ndawugxeka lo mbono. Kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ulawulo lukaPutin luye lwaba negunya ngakumbi, lulondolozayo, kunye nelizwe, kwaye emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwentshukumo yokulwa nemfazwe, inguqu yayo ifikelele kwinqanaba elitsha. Russian left iinkcuba-buchopho ezifana UGreg Yudin kwaye Ilya Budraitskis phikisa ukuba ilizwe lisiya kwi-fascism.
Kwiimfazwe ezininzi ezixhobileyo, kufanelekile ukubiza i-diplomacy kunye nokulalanisa. Ngokufuthi kwimeko yeengxabano zobuhlanga, abantu bamazwe ngamazwe abafanele bathabathe cala. Kodwa le mfazwe ayinjalo. Ngokungafaniyo nemfazwe ye-2014 e-Donbas, leyo yayintsonkothile, ubume be imfazwe yangoku eneneni ilula. IRashiya ilwa imfazwe yama impiriyali; IUkraine ibamba abantu's imfazwe yenkululeko. Asinakwazi ukuba iUkraine iya kukhula njani emva kwemfazwe-kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Kodwa sinokuthi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kuphela ukuba i-Ukraine iphumelele kuya kubakho ithuba lotshintsho oluqhubekayo. Ukuba iRashiya iphumelele kuya kuba nemiphumo emibi. Esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokuxhasa inkcaso yaseUkraine, kubandakanywa noncedo lomkhosi.
The Ukude eUkraine Kunene
Apha, abanye abafundi banokufuna ukubuza omnye umbuzo: "kuthekani nge-Ukraine ekunene?" Kwiingxoxo ezinengqiqo ngakumbi kwesi sihloko, elinye icala lihlala ligxininisa inkxaso yonyulo olusezantsi kunye nokungabikho kokumelwa kwipalamente, ngelixa elinye icala ligxininisa ukuba, ngenxa yokungena kwii-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ngokusebenzayo kuqhanqalazo lwasezitalatweni, ilungelo elide. ibe nefuthe elibi kwezopolitiko zaseUkraine. Zombini ziyinyani, kodwa kukho into enye ebalulekileyo amacala omabini adla ngokungayinanzi: impembelelo engalinganiyo yelungelo elikude yayisekelwe ikakhulu kubuthathaka boluntu kunye norhulumente, hayi amandla abo.
Ubukho belungelo elikude bunokuvakala kulo lonke elaseMpuma Yurophu, kodwa iintshukumo zahlukile kwilizwe ngalinye. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-2000, iRashiya yabangela uloyiko ezitalatweni, kuquka ukuqhushumbiswa kweebhombu, ukutyhoboza, kunye nolunye uhlaselo olubulalayo. Emva kwesiphithiphithi saseManezhnaya Square ngo-2010, urhulumente waseRussia waqala ukuqhekeka, kwaye amalungu aseRussia akude abaleka ilizwe okanye avalelwe. Abanye bafumene indawo e-Ukraine, eyayiyindawo ekhuselekileyo ngenxa yokuba izixhobo ezicinezelayo zelizwe lase-Ukraine zibuthathaka kakhulu. (Ubuthathaka belizwe besona sizathu siphambili sokuphumelela koqhanqalazo lwaseUkraine xa kuthelekiswa neBelarus, apho abaqhankqalazi babejongana nokuvalelwa nokungcungcuthekiswa ngokungekho mthethweni, okanye eKazakhstan, apho imikhosi yokhuseleko eyayixhaswa yiRashiya yakhokelela kuqhushululu olubulalayo.)
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amandla akude e-Ukraine aphantsi kwemingeni emitsha. Ukususela eMaidan, uphuhliso loluntu olukhululekile luye lwatshintsha ukulingana kwamandla kwipolitiki yesitalato. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, bekungasoloko kukho umgca ocacileyo phakathi kwelungelo elikude kunye neminye imikhosi yezopolitiko. Kodwa oku kutshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ngenxa yokunyuka kwabasetyhini kunye neentshukumo ze-LGBT, ezichasa i-radicals ye-right-wing. Ekugqibeleni, ngenxa yephulo elichasene nokugxothwa kwe-Belarusian anarchist u-Aleksey Bolenkov kunye nokukhuselwa kwesithili sasePodil ukusuka kwicala elikude e-Kyiv kunyaka ophelileyo, kuye kwakho ukuvela kwakhona kwe aintshukumo yentifa ezitratweni.
Ukusukela ngo-2014, ilungelo elikude lihlawulele ukungaphumeleli konyulo ngokuqinisa ubukho balo ezitalatweni kunye nokuqinisa umanyano lwalo kunye nenkululeko, eyakhiwe ngexesha leminyaka yomzabalazo ngokuchasene nolawulo lwaseYanukovych. Kodwa olu manyano lwaqala ukuwohloka ngokuthe ngcembe emva kokuba uZelensky elawula ngo-2019. Intshukumo yeAzov, wayesengxakini. Kwaye emva kokuyeka uMphathiswa Wezangaphakathi u-Arsen Avakov, owaye engu kuqwalaselwa Azov's umxhasi, izixhobo zombuso zaqala ukubaphatha ngokupholileyo.
Ewe, imfazwe itshintshe yonke into, kwaye okwenzekayo emva koko kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwe-Ukrainian kude kakhulu kwimfazwe yangoku ayibonakali ngaphantsi kwe-2014, kunye nenye into ecacileyo-i-Azov Regiment. Kodwa ayizizo zonke ii-fighters zase-Azov namhlanje ezichanekileyo, kwaye njengenxalenye yoMkhosi weSizwe kunye noMkhosi oxhobileyo, baphumeza imiyalelo evela kumyalelo ophezulu. Kwaye i-Azov yinxalenye encinci yokuchasana kwe-Ukraine. Ngoko ke, akukho sizathu sokucinga imfazwe yangoku iya kutyhala ukunyuka kwelungelo elikude njengemfazwe yaseDonbas.
namhlanje, esona sisongelo siphambili kubemi baseUkraine asiyiyo i-Ukraine ekude, kodwa ngabahlali baseRashiya. Oku kubandakanya amaqela asoloko ehlaselwa lilungelo elikude kwiminyaka yakutshanje, njengamaRoma okanye abantu beLGBT, abakwanjalo. esebenzayo kwinkcaso yaseUkraine. Oku kusebenza kubahlali baseDonbas, nabo. I-propaganda yaseRashiya isebenzise ngokuzenzisa abahlali baseDonbas ukuba bathethelele uhlaselo, betyhola i-Ukraine "uhlanga" ngelixa umkhosi waseRashiya utshabalalisa izixeko zaloo mmandla. Ngoxa abantu Ujoyine enkulu imigca ukubhalisa kwi-Territorial Defense e-Ukraine, kwindawo elawulwa yiRashiya yaseDonbas, amadoda abanjwe ezitratweni, abanjwe ngenkani, kwaye baphoswe emfazweni, bengaqeqeshwanga, njengokutya kwenkanunu.
Ungquzulwano lwama-Impiriyali
Enye ingxabano eqhelekileyo ngokuchasene nokuchaswa kwe-Ukraine kukuba le yimfazwe yeproxy phakathi kweNtshona kunye neRashiya. Naluphi na ungquzulwano lomkhosi lunamacandelo amaninzi, kwaye elinye lamacandelo ongquzulwano lwangoku lungquzulwano lwama impiriyali. Kodwa ukuba oko kwanele ukubiza le mfazwe yeproxy, phantse zonke iingxabano ezixhobileyo emhlabeni ziimfazwe zeproxy. Endaweni yokuphikisana malunga neli gama, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlalutya iqondo yaseUkraine's ukuxhomekeka kwiNtshona, kunye nokuqonda iinjongo zazo zombini iinkampu zama impiriyali.
I-Ukraine ingaphantsi kakhulu kwi-proxy yaseNtshona kune- AmaKurds aseSyria ayengabameli baseMelika ngexesha lomlo wabo wamaqhawe ngokuchasene ne-ISIS. Kodwa i-proxies ayingonodoli. Bangabadlali bendawo abafumana inkxaso yomkhosi kwamanye amazwe. Zombini ezokuqala kunye nezokugqibela zinomdla wazo, ezinokuthi zihambelane ngokuyinxenye. kwaye kanye njengokuba abasekhohlo baxhasa abalwi eRojava nangona amaKurds aseSyria efumana uncedo lomkhosi waseMelika, abasekhohlo kufuneka baxhase abantu baseUkraine. Umgaqo-nkqubo we-Socialist kwimilo exhobileyo kufuneka isekelwe ekuhlalutyeni imeko phantsi kunokuba amandla obukhosi axhasa elinye icala okanye elinye.
Kwezi nyanga zidlulileyo, abanye abantu abashiyekileyo basebenzise imbali yeMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala ukuxoxa ngelithi amasoshiyali akufuneki axhase naliphi na icala kwimilo phakathi kwama impiriyali. Kodwa iMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi yayikwayimfazwe yama impiriyali. Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba alikho icala elalifanele lixhaswe kuloo mfazwe? Akunjalo, kuba ungquzulwano lwama-impiriyali lwaluyinto enye kuphela yaloo mfazwe.
In inqaku elidlulileyo, Ndakhumbula ukuba abaninzi abameli beentshukumo ze-anticolonial abazange bafune ukulwa namakholoni abo ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, kwaye enye yeenkokeli ze-Indian National Congress, uChandra Boss, wade wabambisana neJamani yamaNazi. Kodwa kufanelekile ukukhankanya iJawaharlal Nehru'amazwi s: kungquzulwano phakathi kobuFasi kunye nedemokhrasi, kufuneka ngokungathandabuzekiyo sibe sesokugqibela's icala. Kukwafanelekile ukukhankanya ukuba eyona nto ihambelanayo ye-INC'Iinkokeli zokuxhasa imfazwe ye-Allies yayinguMN Roy, elona lungu lasekhohlo. Kakade ke, oku akuthethi ukuba uRoy ngequbuliso waqalisa ukuxhasa impiriyali yaseBritani. Ngokufanayo, ukuxhasa umzabalazo wokulwa ne-imperiyali yaseRashiya ayithethi ukuba yinkxaso ye-imperialism yaseMelika.
Kakade ke, imeko yahlukile ngoku. Ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kwamanye amazwe emfazweni kuya kwenza imeko ibe mandundu. Kodwa i-socialists kufuneka ixhase uxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho eRashiya kwaye ifune izohlwayo ezomeleleyo kunye ne-embargoes kwi-oyile kunye negesi yaseRashiya. Uninzi lwezohlwayo ezikhoyo ngoku zenzelwe ukuba buthathaka Rhashiya's ishishini lomkhosi yaye ngaloo ndlela ithintela iRashiya ukuba iqhubeke isilwa. Abasekhohlo kufuneka baxhase izigwebo kwi-oyile kunye negesi ephuma eRashiya, eya kwandisa uxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho kuPutin ukuphelisa imfazwe.
I-United States isenokuba isifundile isifundo ngokuzihlazisa e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan. IRashiya kufuneka ngoku ifunde isifundo sayo, kwaye iqine, ingcono. Ukoyiswa emfazweni kuye kwabangela uvukelo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kuquka eRashiya. Emva kokuba iRashiya ilahlekelwe yiMfazwe yaseCrimea ngo-1856, i-serfdom yapheliswa ekugqibeleni kuBukhosi baseRashiya. Imvukelo yokuQala yaseRashiya yowe-1905 yenzeka kamsinya nje emva kokoyiswa kweRashiya kwiMfazwe yamaRashiya namaJapan. Ukuphulukana ne-Ukraine kunokubangela inguqu entsha. Ekubeni uPutin esenamandla, utshintsho oluqhubekayo eRashiya kunye namazwe amaninzi asemva kweSoviet kuya kuba yinto engenakwenzeka.
Amazwe aseNtshona abelana ngoxanduva kule mfazwe. Ingxaki kukuba abaninzi abasekhohlo bagxeka la mazwe ngezizathu ezingezizo. Esikhundleni sokugxeka ukunikezelwa kwezixhobo e-Ukraine, kufuneka bagxeke into yokuba nangemva kokuthunjwa kweCrimea kunye nokuhlaselwa kweDonbas, amazwe e-EU. waqhubeka ethengisa izixhobo eRashiya. Lo ngumzekelo nje omnye. Uxanduva lweso sigqibo luxhomekeke koorhulumente baseNtshona, kungekhona abasekhohlo. Kodwa kunokuzama ukuguqula imeko ibe bhetele, inkoliso yasekhohlo izama ngobudenge ukwenza izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi.
Abantu baseUkraine bazi kakuhle ukuba imfazwe imbi. Le asiyomfazwe yethu yokuqala. Siye sahlala kunye neemeko zongquzulwano oluqhumayo eDonbas iminyaka. Sifumana ilahleko enkulu kule mfazwe, kwaye siya kuqhubeka sibandezeleka ukuba imfazwe iyaqhubeka. Kuxhomekeke kuthi ukugqiba ukuba kukuphi ukuzincama esikulungeleyo ukwenza ukuze soyise, kunye nokulalanisa esimele sikwenze ukunqanda ukufa nentshabalalo. Andiqondi ukuba kutheni urhulumente wase-US evumelana nale nto, ngelixa uninzi lwasekhohlo lukhetha ukuthatha indlela yobukhosi, efuna ukuba iNtshona ithathe isigqibo ngathi.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Kremlin ayizimiselanga ukwenza iimvumelwano ezinzulu. Balindele ukuba sinikezele. Kodwa abantu baseUkraine abayi kuvuma ukuqatshelwa koloyiso lwabo lommandla. Abanye bathi ukubonelela ngezixhobo eUkraine kuya kwandisa imfazwe kwaye kwandise inani lamaxhoba. Enyanisweni, kukunqongophala kwezinto eziya kukwenza oko. I-Ukraine inokuphumelela, kunye ne-Ukraine's uloyiso yinto amazwe ngamazwe ashiye kufuneka amele. Ukuba iRussia iyaphumelela, iya kumisela umzekelo wokuphinda kutsalwe kwakhona imida karhulumente kwaye ityhalele umhlaba kwiMfazwe yeSithathu yeHlabathi.
Ndaba ngusoshiyali ubukhulu becala phantsi kwempembelelo yemfazwe yaseDonbas nokuqonda kwam ukuba kuphela ukoyisa ubukhapitali kuya kusinika ithuba lehlabathi elingenamfazwe. Kodwa asinakuze silifikelele elikamva ukuba silindele ukungaxhathisi kungenelelo lwama impiriyali. Ukuba ekhohlo alithathi nqanaba elichanekileyo kule mfazwe, liya kuthoba isidima kwaye lizibeke ecaleni. Kwaye kuya kufuneka sisebenze ixesha elide ukoyisa iziphumo zobu buvuvu.
Taras Bilous ngumbhali-mbali waseUkraine kunye netshantliziyo lombutho weSocial Movement. Njengomhleli weCommons: Journal of Social Critique, ugubungela izihloko zemfazwe kunye nobuzwe
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