UTaras Bilous ngumbhali-mbali waseUkraine, umhleli we Commons: Journal of Social Criticism, kunye ne-activist e-Sotsialniy Rukh (i-Social Movement). Ngoku usemkhosini waseUkraine. Uye wadliwano-ndlebe nguStephen R. Shalom, ilungu le EzoPolitiko eziNtsha ibhodi yokuhlela. UDenys Pilash uncedise ekuguquleleni.
EzoPolitiko eziNtsha (NP): Ungayivavanya njani impembelelo yemikhosi ekude e-Ukraine? Siye sabona amabango ukuba, kwelinye icala, abonisa ukuba i-Ukraine yilizwe lamaNazi, okanye, kwelinye icala, ukuba ilungelo elikude liyinto engabalulekanga kubomi baseUkraine. Luthini uvavanyo lwakho?
I-Taras Bilous (TB): Ngokwenene, impembelelo yabo yonyulo yinto engafanelekanga, incinci, kodwa basebenzisa amandla abo kwezinye iindawo, njengezitrato, ukuzama ukuphembelela imigaqo-nkqubo. Impembelelo yabo engaphaya kwepalamente kufuneka inganciphi okanye ibaxiweyo.
NP: Ingaba kunjalo ukuba ilungelo elikude liyakwazi ukuvala imigaqo-nkqubo elingakuthandiyo ngokugrogrisa ngobundlobongela?
TB: Owona mzekelo ubalulekileyo wale nto yayibizwa ngokuba "luqhanqalazo oluchasene nokulawulwa," uqhanqalazo oluchasene namanyathelo oxolo ngasekupheleni kuka-2019 emva kokuba uZelensky wonyulwa njengomongameli. Lo ibiyinzame yelungelo lobuzwe lokumisa ukuqaliswa kwenkqubo yoxolo. Kwakukho isivumelwano sokuba kuya kubakho ukuchithwa komkhosi kwiindawo ezintathu zento eyayingumgca phakathi kwemikhosi yase-Ukraine kunye nemikhosi yaseRashiya / eyahlula eDonbas. Ke abantu abavela ngeenxa zonke kwintshukumo ye-Azov, nakwi-National Corps Party, baqhuba iphulo apho, kwelinye lala manqaku, bebonisa oku kugxothwa ngokungathi kubonisa uhlobo oluthile lwenzuzo ye-Kremlin, ngokungathi imikhosi yase-Ukraine yodwa yabizelwa ukuba. barhoxise kwaye bashiye izikhundla zabo. Kodwa oku kwakungeyonto eyayifunwa kukungabandakanywa; kwakufuneka ukuba amacala omabini ahlehle ngasemva.
Kodwa nakulo mzekelo, eyona nto yayibaluleke kakhulu kwilungelo, apho bazama khona ukuphumeza udibaniso lwabo olukhulu kulo msebenzi, abazange baphumelele ekuphumezeni imbono yabo kuba uZelensky wangenelela ngokwakhe. Waya kulo mgca wemikhosi kwaye wabamba iingxoxo ezishushu kunye namanye amalungu e-Azov, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-Ukraine yakwenza oku kugxothwa, okwakuyimfuneko yokuqalisa kwakhona intlanganiso "kwiFomu yaseNormandy" kunye neFransi neJamani njengabalamli phakathi kwe-Ukraine neRashiya. . Ngoko nakulo mbandela ilungelo alikwazanga ukuvala umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente.
Ayingombandela nje wokuba ungakanani umzamo othe wabekwa ngasekunene kumaphulo abo amisela ukuba bayaphumelela na. Ingakumbi umbuzo wokuba izikhundla zabo zihambelana njani nesikhundla esibanzi soluntu lwaseUkraine ngokubanzi, kuba xa amabango abo ephikisana nesikhundla soninzi loluntu, kuba nzima kakhulu kubo ukuba batyhale; kwelinye icala, xa bexhasa isikhundla soluntu ngokubanzi, ke banethuba elingakumbi lokuphembelela izigqibo zikarhulumente.
Abanye oshicilelo baseNtshona basekhohlo benza ukuba kubonakale ngathi uZelensky urhoxile kwimigaqo-nkqubo yakhe phantsi koxinzelelo lwasekunene. Kodwa abakhange baphumelele ekuthinteleni amalinge akhe oxolo, awayethandwa luninzi lwabemi baseUkraine kwaye uZelensky waziva enegunya elidumileyo. Kwelinye icala, uvoto lubonise ukuba uninzi lwabantu baseUkraine, ngelixa bexhasa inkqubo yoxolo, bakhaba amabango athile ezopolitiko atyhalwa licala laseRussia. Kwaye apha uZelensky kwafuneka abuyele umva.
Kwezo ndawo zomgaqo-nkqubo apho izikhundla zelungelo elikude zingangqinelani nezimvo zabakhululi benkululeko kunye nenkululeko yesizwe, ilungelo elikude alizange liphumelele ukuzalisekisa uxinzelelo lwabo kurhulumente. Umzekelo, kwimigaqo-nkqubo yesini okanye imiba ye-LGBTQ, apho ilungelo lazifumana likwigcuntswana, alikwazanga ukuphembelela izigqibo zikarhulumente.
NP: Ngaba ungathetha ngakumbi malunga nokuziphatha kwabantu abalungileyo malunga nabasetyhini kunye nabantu be-LGBTQ? Kwaye yintoni indima yamapolisa aseUkraine kunye nemikhosi yokhuseleko ekujonganeni nale nto?
TB: Amaqela asekunene ngaphambi kwemfazwe azama ngokukhutheleyo ukuphazamisa imicimbi eyahlukeneyo ekhuthaza amalungelo abasetyhini kunye ne-LGBTQ. Apha sinokubona ukuba ukusabela kukarhulumente kunye namapolisa kwakuxhomekeke kakhulu ekubeni umsitho wawunokhuselo olukhulu lwamazwe ngamazwe, njengomzekelo, i-Pride parade e-Kyiv okanye i-8.th kaMatshi iidemo zabasetyhini. Kwimeko apho abasemagunyeni kunye namapolisa bazama ukuthintela olu hlaselo. Nangona kunjalo, kwimisitho engaziwa kangako kumaphondo, kwezinye izixeko ezincinci kunye needolophu, bahlaselwa ngenkuthalo ngasekunene, emva koko amapolisa ayehlala engasebenzi, emile engenzi nto. Ke kwezi meko ilungelo elikude laliphumelele ngakumbi ekuhlaseleni nasekuphazamiseni ezi ziganeko.
Bekukho into eqhelekileyo yelungelo lokungena kwiinkonzo zokhuseleko kunye nonyanzeliso lomthetho, kodwa kunzima ukulinganisa ukuba oku kwenzeke kangakanani na. Siyayazi eminye imizekelo ephambili, umzekelo, intloko yendawo yamapolisa aseKyiv ivela kwimvelaphi yaseAzov. Xa kukho ungquzulwano phakathi kwamatshantliziyo asekhohlo nasekunene, sasidla ngokubona amapolisa ebulisa abathile abasuka kude ekunene, ebonisa ukuba baqhelene. Oku kwakhona kuthetha ukuba kukho unxibelelwano oluthile. Kodwa eneneni kubonakala ngathi oku bekungasasazeki kangako.
Nakwezo meko apho amapolisa engenzi nto ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa kwabasetyhini kunye nezinye iziganeko eziqhubekayo, oko akuthethi ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba bakwenza oku ngenxa yokuba baziva besondelene nabahlaseli okanye banonxibelelwano oluthile nabo. Amapolisa awenzi owona msebenzi wawo uphambili, kukukhusela iindibano zoxolo, kodwa hayi kakhulu ngenxa yokuba esecaleni kohlaselo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ukuzibamba nokungenzi nto kubabangela iingxaki ezimbalwa. Ukukhusela umcimbi we-LGBT (umzekelo) kunokukhokelela ekuhlaselweni kwamapolisa kude, oku kunokukhokelela ekulimazeni kwamapolisa. Ke ngoko, ukunqanda umlo kunye nelungelo elikude, kulula kubo ukuba bangenzi nto. Ukubanjwa kwabantu abanelungelo elikude kuya kukhokelela kuhlanganiso olude lwasekunene, luququzelele iphikethi ngaphandle kwesikhululo samapolisa, kwaye ngokubanzi lubeke uxinzelelo emapoliseni. Amapolisa afuna inkathazo encinane, ngoko kudla ngokuba lula kuwo ukunyanzelisa ukuba abaququzeleli bawurhoxise umcimbi wabo, kunokuba balwe ilungelo elikude. Kakade ke, oku kukusilela kwamapolisa ukuzalisekisa umsebenzi wawo wokukhusela inkululeko yokuhlanganisana. Baziphatha ngendlela efanayo xa kukho ungquzulwano namagosa aphakamileyo okanye abanye abantu abasenokudala iingxaki kubo.
Imeko yayiphucuka, nangona kunjalo, emva kokususwa koMphathiswa Wezangaphakathi u-Arsen Avakov, owayebonwa ngokubanzi njengomxhasi we-National Corps kunye namanye amaqela akude. Emva kokuba eshiye isikhundla ngo-2021, kwabakho uthotho lokubanjwa kwabaphembeleli basekunene, kwaye sinokuziva siphucuka ngokubanzi kwimeko, kwaye kukho iindlela ezibonisa ukuba impembelelo yasekunene kwiinkonzo zokhuseleko yayincipha.
Kodwa imeko isenokwahluka kwimeko yabo babizwa ngokuba ngoonogada bakamasipala. Ezi zizigqeba zomkhosi ezaye zenziwa kwezinye izixeko njengabancedisi kunyanzeliso lomthetho wamapolisa, kwiimeko ezininzi ezinewonga elisemthethweni elithandabuzekayo. Abasekunene bazamile ukubonisa oku njengendlela yokuqesha amagqala emfazwe.
Ilungelo elikude langena kunogada kamasipala eKyiv nakwezinye iindawo, kwaye eneneni badlala indima enkulu. Babephendula kumagunya asekuhlaleni, kwiinkokeli zikamasipala, koosodolophu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye babenesimo esisemthethweni esithandabuzekayo. Ngoko eli yayilithuba lokuba ilungelo elikude lokuzuza impembelelo engakumbi. Kwezinye izixeko, nangona kunjalo, ilungelo elide lalingekho ekudaleni oonogada bakamasipala. Endaweni yoko babedla ngokuqukwa luhlobo oluthile lweembaleki kwaye babezizicaka nje ezithembekileyo kumagosa asekuhlaleni, phantse ngendlela yobufeudal.
I-NP: Yayiyintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-Ukraine yasekhohlo kunye ne-Ukrainian ekunene ngaphambi kwemfazwe?
TB: Ewe, ngokucacileyo, isimo sethu sengqondo sasichasa ngokungqalileyo kubo, yaye sasijongene nabo ngokusisigxina. Kodwa sinokuthi imfazwe yaseDonbas, xa iqala ngo-2014, yaba negalelo ekunciphiseni amandla eentshukumo ze-leftist, kwaye ezitalatweni ilungelo elikude lakhula ngamandla, ngelixa ekhohlo behla. Ngokwenyani kolu ngquzulwano nabasekunene, esona siphumo siqhelekile yayikukutsalwa. Kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje kukho ukuguqulwa kwezi ndlela, kwaye kwabakho ukuvuselelwa kwentshukumo ye-antifa yesitrato kunye noloyiso oluthile oluchasene ne-fascist kwicala lasekhohlo. Ngoko kwakukho imiqondiso ethile ebonisa ukuba le meko yayibuyisela umva.
NP: Xa sibuyela kuFebruwari 2022, imfazwe epheleleyo iyichaphazele njani impembelelo yelungelo elikude?
TB: Ayingomsebenzi olula ukuphendula lo mbuzo, kuba ngemfazwe ubomi bezopolitiko e-Ukraine bumisiwe. Kunzima kakhulu ukuqikelela ukuba imeko iya kuba yintoni emva kwemfazwe njengoko ixhomekeke kwisiphumo semfazwe.
Yintoni ke etshintshileyo ngemfazwe? Uninzi lwabasekunene, uninzi lwabo, baya emkhosini. Abanye bahlala, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha benza izinto eziphikisanayo emva kwemigca - kodwa bahlala begxekwa ngenxa yoku ngoluvo loluntu ngokubanzi. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, xa ilungelo elikude lenza izinto zalo zesiqhelo kwaye lazama ukuhlasela kwaye lijongela phantsi uqhanqalazo lobufazi eLviv ngokuchasene nobundlobongela basekhaya, oko kwabuyisela umva kuba abafumananga nkxaso inkulu ethandwayo kulo msebenzi. Ngokuchasene noko, umboniso wawuthandeka kumatsha ntliziyo alwela amalungelo abasetyhini kunye nemibutho exhasayo, kuquka neyethu, kuquka neblogger enye edumileyo kaYouTube, kunye namajelo eendaba aqhelekileyo. Ke sinokuthi umsebenzi othe qelele wolu hlobo awunyamezelwanga kakhulu emva kwemigca.
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba yayibubuthathaka bokuchasana nelungelo elikude, isimo sengqondo esingabalulekanga kubo kwimidiya eqhelekileyo kunye nenxalenye ebalulekileyo yoluntu oluphakathi, leyo yayiyenye yeenzuzo eziphambili ze-Ukrainian kude kunene. . Basebenzisa ngobuchule i-halo "yamaqhawe" ababeyiphumelele kwi-Maidan kwi-2014 kunye nemfazwe yaseDonbas ukuzikhusela ekugxekeni.
Ngapha koko, ukuba uvavanya amandla e-Ukrainian kude kunene ngokwemigaqo epheleleyo, ayizange ibeke irekhodi. Wonke umntu uyazi malunga nobuthathaka babo bonyulo, kodwa nokuba sithetha malunga nokuhlanganiswa kwezitrato, i-Polish ekunene ilungile ngokuqinisekileyo yomelele "kunoogxa babo" base-Ukraine kulo mba. Kwanele ukuthelekisa unyaka nonyaka eyona matshi inkulu yesitalato - October 14 eUkraine kwaye Novemba 11 ePoland - ukuqonda oku. Ngokumalunga nobukhulu bobundlobongela, i-fard right yase-Ukraine nayo ayifani xa kuthelekiswa noko IsiRashiya sade safikelela kuma-2000, ngokuphindaphindiweyo phantsi kwekhava yeenkonzo ezikhethekileyo zaseRashiya. Ngapha koko, i-Ukrainian neo-Nazis yenza phambi kwe-Maidan emthunzini naphantsi kwempembelelo enkulu yama-neo-Nazi aseRussia. Umahluko ophambili kwimeko ye-Ukraine emva kokuba i-Maidan ayikho kumandla apheleleyo ekunene, kodwa kumandla ayo ahambelanayo xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abadlali bezopolitiko, kunye nesimo sengqondo esingabalulekanga soluntu oluphakathi oluphakathi kubo.
Kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uluvo loluntu malunga nabo lutshintshile, kwaye esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba iqela elichasene nobuhlanga kunye ne-anti-fascist le-Arsenal (Kyiv) libe nobuganga bokuphuma kumhlaba ophantsi kwaye licele umngeni ilungelo elikude kwakhona. Kwi-2014-2018, kwimeko yokungqubuzana phakathi kwekhohlo kunye nekunene, uluvo loluntu lwalungekho kwicala lethu. Kodwa ngexesha lomzabalazo ehlotyeni lika-2021, ilungelo elikude laba "ngabantu ababi" kumajelo eendaba. Kwaye kubonakala ngathi emva kwemfazwe le ndlela iya kuqhubeka kuba ilungelo elikude alisayi kukwazi ukuzikhusela ekugxekeni njengangaphambili.
NP: Kodwa kutheni ubugorha babo bexesha lemfazwe, umzekelo eMariupol, bungabenzeli ukuba bajike izigxeko?
TB: Iyabakhusela. Kodwa kuphela njengeyunithi yomkhosi. Oku akudluliseli kwilungelo elikude njengomdlali wezopolitiko.
Kule minyaka idlulileyo, uluntu lwase-Ukraine luye lwahamba ixesha elide ekusekeni isikhundla sokuba ubuqhawe obuphambili abukwazi ukukholisa abo benza ubugwenxa kunye nokuphulwa kwamalungelo oluntu ngasemva. Kwaye nangona kweminye imiba ngexesha lemfazwe egcweleyo bekukho ukuwohloka kwemeko, kulo mbandela andiboni kubuyela umva.
Kwakhona, emva kwale mfazwe, kuya kubakho amagqala aphuma kuwo onke amacandelo abantu nakumacala omabini ongquzulwano lwezopolitiko. Ngoku kukho amavolontiya omkhosi naphakathi kwamaRoma, elona qela licalulwayo kuluntu lwaseUkraine - ngaphandle kwento yokuba ukuthatha inxaxheba emfazweni kuchasene nezithethe zabo. Ukuba ngo-2018 ilungelo elikude likwazile ukubeka uluhlu lwe-pogroms ngokumelene neRoma ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi ngokwabo, ngoku oku akusayi kuba njalo.
Kodwa kukho udidi olulodwa lwabantu abangayi kukwazi ukuzikhusela ngale ndlela - abahlali baseRussia baseDonbas naseCrimea. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuba imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe ithathe inxaxheba ekukhuselweni kwamalungelo oluntu kule mimandla.
NP: Makhe siphendule kumbuzo we-Azov regiment. Zibaluleke kangakanani? Ngaba bangumkhosi ozimeleyo? Ngaba banazo iisimboli zabo ezikude? Kwaye, ukubuza malunga nomba ophakanyiswe ngasekhohlo e-US, ngaba uncedo lomkhosi wase-US e-Ukraine ngokwenene luxhobile iiyunithi ze-neo-Nazi?
I-TB: I-Azov regiment yahlanganiswa ngaphakathi kwi-National Guard kunye nangaphakathi kwezakhiwo ezisemthethweni, kodwa igcine inqanaba elithile lokuzimela. Kwakukho amanyathelo athile okulawula ngamagosa ase-Ukraine, afana nokutshintsha ubunkokeli bayo, kodwa yagcina amakhonkco ayo kunye nabasunguli bayo abafana no-Andriy Biletsky, kwaye yayinesikolo sayo seSajini.
Uninzi lwamajoni aseAzov ayeseMariupol, kwaye uninzi lwawo lwabanjwa. Abanye batshintshiselwana ngokutshintshana kwamabanjwa, kodwa uninzi lusavalelwe eRashiya, kwaye abaphathi bavalelwe eTurkey. Nangona kunjalo, irejimenti iye yazaliswa ngabantu abatsha kwaye iyaqhubeka nokuqesha. Andazi ukuba bakwazile kangakanani ukubuyisela isakhiwo.
Yintoni ebaluleke ngakumbi emva kohlaselo olupheleleyo, abantu abanxulumene nentshukumo ye-Azov nabo baseka inani lezinye iiyunithi, njengeeyunithi zokhuselo lwendawo, umzekelo, ezidityaniswe nentshukumo ye-Azov, kusetyenziswa uphawu lwe-Azov. Elona likhulu kubo, iyunithi ye-Kyiv Azov Special Operations Forces, yaguqulwa yaba yi-brigade yohlaselo ekupheleni kukaJanuwari. Ke ngokubanzi, xa kuthelekiswa no-2014 okanye ngo-2021, ngamanani apheleleyo ngoku abantu abaninzi basekunene baye bangena emkhosini, kwaye abantu abaninzi kakhulu basebenza kwiiyunithi abazidalile. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, ngokwemiqathango ehambelanayo, badlala indima encinci emfazweni kunokuba ngo-2014, kuba umkhosi ngokubanzi ukhule kwaye uphuculwe ngakumbi.
Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ayingobantu basekunene kuphela abasebenza kwiiyunithi ezenziwe lilungelo elikude. (Kwelinye icala, unokufumana ilungelo elikude kwiiyunithi "eziqhelekileyo"). Kunzima ukumisela iipesenti, kodwa abantu abapolitiki okanye abangoo-centrist bahlala besebenza kwiiyunithi ezikude, bekhuthazwa linqanaba eliphezulu loqeqesho kunye nokuziphatha kwezi yunithi. Xa ungena kumkhosi wokulwa, uqala ucinge ngamathuba akho okusinda, iimeko zenkonzo, ubuchule bamagosa, nokuthembeka kwamanye amajoni. Iimbono zezopolitiko zibuyela ngasemva. Kuya kwenzeka ntoni kula mayunithi kunye nabantu abasebenza kuzo emva kwemfazwe kuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zemfazwe kunye nemeko yezopolitiko jikelele e-Ukraine.
Into endiyibonayo ngamehlo am kukuba le meko namhlanje ayifani ne-2014. Emva phayaa inqanaba lolawulo lukaRhulumente kwiiyunithi zomkhosi ezadalwa lalincinci. Yonke into yayimaxongo kakhulu. Ndiyalazi nebali lendlela ngo-2014 elinye ivolontiya leba yonke inqwelo yabasebenzi abaxhobileyo kwaye yayithatha ukusuka eDonbas ukuya eNtshona Ukraine. Namhlanje, nangona kunjalo, kukho ulawulo olungqongqo malunga nokuhanjiswa kwezixhobo, ulawulo olungaphezulu kwezi yunithi zahlukeneyo, kwaye ukusuka kwinto endiyaziyo, akukho nanye kwiiyunithi ezincinci ezisandul 'ukusekwa ezinandipha inqanaba lokuzimela ngokuthelekiswa ne-Azov kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Ke eneneni, imeko ngokomgangatho yahluke kakhulu kuleyo yayiyiyo kwiminyaka esibhozo okanye elithoba eyadlulayo.
Ukubonisa olu lawulo lungqongqo lwelizwe kumacandelo omkhosi nokusasazwa kwezixhobo, makhe ndibhekisele kumava am. Ibutho lam langaphambili lachithwa, ndaza ndatshintshelwa kwelinye kwiqela lethu. Xa i-battalion yachithwa, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ii-Kalashnikovs ezininzi zilahlekile. Oku kubangele ukusabela ngokukhawuleza kwabomthetho. Iofisi yabatshutshisi bomkhosi yaqalisa uphando yaza yavula amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho kumagosa awayenoxanduva lokulawula izixhobo kwelo butho. Oku kubonisa ukuba uRhulumente uzama ukulawula ngokungqongqo apho zonke izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zihamba khona, kwaye aziyi kubantu abathile abangagunyaziswanga. Lo ngomnye umba wolawulo olungqongqo lwelizwe kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo ezixhobileyo.
Ngokuphathelele lo mbono wamaNazi axhobileyo aseNtshona, njalo njalo, izixhobo zisasazwa ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi ngokulinganayo phakathi kweeyunithi ezahlukeneyo. Ke kunokubakho abantu abakude, abantu abaneenkolelo ezikude, kwezinye iiyunithi, kodwa abanikwanga ngokuthe ngqo esi sixhobo. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yolawulo olungqongqo endiluchazileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba izixhobo ziya kuhluthwa emva kwemfazwe, zibuyiswe nguRhulumente.
Ngoko ke ngaphezu okanye ngaphantsi bonke abantu abathe bajoyina imikhosi exhobileyo balingana ngokulinganayo ekufikeleleni kwabo kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye ngokucacileyo akunjalo ukuba izixhobo ezinzima ezivela eNtshona zijoliswe kwiiyunithi ezikude. Kukuba iiyunithi eziqhelekileyo zifumana izixhobo, kwaye mhlawumbi zinabantu abathile abaneembono ezikude, kunye nabantu abanazo zonke ezinye iinkolelo, kwizikhundla zabo. Ngoko akukho kuxhotyiswa okuthe ngqo kwelungelo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiisimboli ze-right-wing, emva kwe-2015, phantsi koxinzelelo oluvela kwabasemagunyeni, i-Azov yasusa i-Black Sun kwi-insignia yayo kwaye yafaka uphawu kwi-angle ukuze ihlukane neempawu ezikude. Kunyaka ophelileyo, ukuhamba kwiisimboli ezikude-ekunene kwaqhubeka - iiyunithi ze-Azov ezisanda kwakhiwa sebenzisa amakrele amathathu endaweni yesimboli somkhosi we-Azov. I i-brigade entsha isebenzisa isimboli idalwe ngesiseko sophawu lwangaphambili, kodwa iphantse yafana neWolfsangel.
Kwelinye icala, emkhosini ngoku amajoni amaninzi kunye namagosa akwinqanaba elisezantsi anxiba iipatches zomkhosi ezingengomthetho. Luhlobo lwentengiso oludumileyo oluthengwa ngabantu kwiivenkile zomkhosi, alulawulwa nangayiphi na indlela. Bahlala behlekisa, okanye banemibhalo enjengale โInqanawa yemfazwe yaseRashiya, hamba uzinyathele.โ Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kukho iisimboli ezikude-ekunene kwezi patches, njengeWolfsangel okanye iTotenkopf. Ndikhe ndadibana namatyala apho abantu bebenxiba iipatches ezineempawu ezikude kodwa bengaziqondi kwaphela imvelaphi nentsingiselo yazo. Omnye umfana wakhulula isimboli seLanga eliMnyama xa i-anarchist evela kwiyunithi yam yangaphambili yamcacisela ukuba ithetha ukuthini kwaye imbonisa inqaku le-Wikipedia. Ewe, abo baqala ukusebenzisa ezi mpawu eUkraine baqonda kakuhle ukuba zithetha ukuthini. Kodwa ngoku ukuba ubona umfana nge Totenkopf, usenokucinga ukuba nje ukakayi namathambo. Ngoko ngenxa yokuba abantu besebenzisa iimpawu ezinjalo akubonisi ukuba abantu baxhasa intsingiselo yabo ekude lee.
NP: Volodymyr Ishchenko, kutsha nje inqaku in Uhlaziyo olutsha lwesobunxele, uye waxela ukuba i-Ukraine ngexesha lemfazwe, ngokungafaniyo neminye imizabalazo echasene nekoloniyali, iye yanda kakhulu i-neoliberal, ingekho idemokhrasi, ayikho i-interventionist yombuso, kwaye ingekho ngaphantsi kwenkohlakalo. Ngaba ucinga ukuba uchanekile, kwaye ngaba ezi zibonakaliso zamandla akhulayo ekunene?
TB: Ukuqala kulo mbuzo wokugqibela, andiboni kubaluleka kwelungelo elikude kulo mbuzo. Kodwa malunga nombuzo wokuqala, kukho imiba emibini eyahlukeneyo: enye imalunga nokuthambekela kokuchasa idemokhrasi kunye nokulawula kwaye enye imalunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho. Ngokumalunga neendlela ezichasene nedemokhrasi, eneneni asinakutsho ukuba yonke imibutho yangaphambili yenkululeko yayingenako oko. Ngokuchaseneyo noko, imfazwe idla ngokuvusa utyekelo lolawulo olungaphezulu nolunganeno lwedemokhrasi, kwaye oku kusebenza kuninzi lwemibutho yenkululeko yase-Asiya nase-Afrika, ilawulwa ziimeko. Ke, ewe, ngokucacileyo imfazwe idala amathuba okuthambekela okugunyazisiweyo, kwaye inokusetyenziswa ngabasemagunyeni bakaRhulumente, ngurhulumente. Kodwa ukuba oku kuya kukhokelela kwi-authoitarianism engaphezulu kuya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwikhosi kunye nesiphumo semfazwe. Kwaye akucaci ukuba ilungelo elikude liya kusabela njani kule nto, nokuba baya kuthi, ngandlela-thile, bazame ukuziqhelanisa nale nto, ukuyixhasa, okanye baya kuthi, ngokuchaseneyo, babe lixhoba lokujongana norhulumente. Ke eneneni kuninzi okungachazwanga, ngenxa yesiphumo esingacacanga semfazwe.
Ngokumalunga nemigaqo-nkqubo yezentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho, kwakhona, asikwazi ukuthetha ukuba sinomfanekiso ocacileyo, kuba kwelinye icala une-neo-liberal mantras kunye nokukhululwa kobudlelwane bomsebenzi kunye neemarike zabasebenzi. Kodwa kwelinye icala, kukho izizathu ezinenjongo ezityhala uRhulumente waseUkraine - nangona ethetha malunga nokuthengiswa kwamashishini abucala - ukuba enze inani lezizwe ngezizwe kumacandelo acwangcisiweyo, amashishini amakhulu, amashishini anxibelelana nomkhosi, kwicandelo lamandla. , kwaye nangokunjalo. Ukongezelela, ekuhambeni kweemali zokuvuselela emva kwemfazwe ziya kuhanjiswa nge-State. Ngoko ipesenti ye-GDP egxininiswe kwizandla zikaRhulumente iya kuvuka ngokucacileyo, zombini ngenxa yolu hlangano kunye nokulawulwa kweemali zokuvuselela. Ngoko asinakutsho ukuba kukho utyekelo olucacileyo nolucalanye.
Ndine intambo ku-twitter malunga nobume beklasi yorhulumente we-Zelensky kwaye ndiyaxoxa ukuba imele ngokuyintloko iimfuno zoohlohlesakhe abaphakathi, okanye i-classic bourgeoisie ngokuchasene nabo bobabini abasebenzi kunye ne-oligarchic capital. Ke kwelinye icala banomdla kakhulu kwaye bakhuthele kakhulu ekutyhaleni umthetho we-neoliberal ochasene nomsebenzi. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye banomdla wokuthoba amandla e-oligarchs. Enyanisweni imfazwe sele iphazamise inqanaba lempembelelo ye-oligarchic. Ke kwakhona, isiphumo semfazwe siya kuba nefuthe kakhulu kwezopolitiko kunye noqoqosho. Kwaye ngaphandle kweengcamango zabo ze-neo-liberal, baye banyanzeliswa ukuba baqhube amanyathelo athile achasene neendawo zabo zengqondo ukuze benze uqoqosho lwemfazwe.
NP: Okokugqibela, ndingathanda ukukubuza oku. Kukho inkxaso ebanzi e-Ukraine yokumelana nokuhlasela kweRashiya, ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene. Kodwa ngaziphi iindlela indawo esekhohlo emfazweni yahluke ngayo kweyasekunene ngokweenjongo kunye neqhinga?
TB: Kukho umahluko ocacileyo wethu kunye nemibono yabo yekamva le-Ukraine yasemva kwemfazwe. Ngokucacileyo, ekhohlo lifuna ilizwe elijolise eluntwini, elinezininzi ngakumbi, ilizwe ledemokhrasi ngakumbi, ilizwe elibandakanyayo, ngelixa ekunene, i-libertarians, kunye ne-conservatives, bamele izikhundla ezichaseneyo.
Kwaye ke sinombuzo wokuzikhethela, kwaye iba yinto enzima ngakumbi. Xa siqhubeka siqwalasela imiba yaseCrimea kunye neDonbas, kwinkampu ekhohlo akukho sikhundla esisodwa, kodwa i-spectrum yemibono. Kananjalo asinayo imvumelwano kwi-European Union kunye ne-NATO.
Uhlaselo olupheleleyo lwaseRashiya luye lwaphucula ngokuyinxenye kwiingxabano zangaphambili phakathi kwama-leftists ahlukeneyo e-Ukraine, kuba ngowona mbandela ubalulekileyo, uninzi lwama-Ukraine asekhohlo lwathatha indawo efanayo - inkxaso kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kuxhaso. Kodwa imiba eyahlulahlula i-Ukraine eshiywe kwixesha elidlulileyo ayikanyamalala.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela