Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1950, ishishini lecuba lalijongene nengxaki enkulu. Ngokupapashwa kwezifundo zenzululwazi ezinempembelelo, ubungqina bekhonkco phakathi kokutshaya nomhlaza bekuya kuba nzima ukungahoywa รขโฌโ kwaye, ngakumbi nangakumbi, abeendaba babefumana umoya ngayo. Njengoko ingeniso yengeniso isengozini, ukuhambela phambili kokuqonda kwezenzululwazi kunye nempilo yoluntu kuye, kwiinkampani zecuba, kwaba sisoyikiso esikhoyo: into eyathi kamva yabizwa ngokuba liZiko leTobacco (elifumana inkxaso-mali kushishino) njenge-รขโฌล1954 kaxakekaรขโฌ.
Ziqonda ukuba ukwanda kwamathandabuzo kawonke-wonke ngokuphathelele icuba kunokukhokelela kwintlekele kwezorhwebo, iinkampani zecuba zaqalisa iphulo leP.R. lomlinganiselo okhwankqisayo ngokwenene. Ngowe-1953, abongameli beenkampani eziphambili zecuba bahlanganisana kwiHotele iPlaza eNew York ukuze baxubushe ngengxaki รขโฌลyokukhuthaza imidiza nokukhuselwa kolu hlaselo nolunye olunokulindeleka kwixa elizayoรขโฌ, (njengoko kutyhilwe kwinqaku langaphakathi. imemo evela kwinkampani ye-P.R. Hill & Knowlton, eququzelele intlanganiso). Ukuphendula, iinkokeli zeshishini zikhethe รขโฌลukuxhasa iphulo lobudlelwane noluntu elilungile ngokwendalo kwaye ngokupheleleyo รขโฌหukuxhasa imidiza.รขโฌโขรขโฌ
Yaba yile ntlanganiso eyavelisa into ebizwa รขโฌลIKomiti yoPhando yeTobacco Instituteรขโฌ (TIRC), iqela elasekwa laza lafumana inkxaso-mali kushishino lwecuba. Ngo-1954, kwintengiso ekwiphepha elipheleleyo eyasasazwa kumaphephandaba angaphezu kwama-400, eli qela lachaza injongo yalo โyokusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nabo banomsebenzi wokukhusela impilo yoluntuโ ngophando lwenzululwazi. Esinye isibhengezo ngo-1970 esasivela kwiqela elifanayo sathi โabantu baseMelika bafanelwe ziimpendulo ezicacileyo, zenzululwaziโ, kwaye ishishini รขโฌลlixhase iinzame zophando ezizimeleyo รขโฌยฆรขโฌ Ngokukodwa iqela lithe gqolo ukugxininisa ukunqongophala okucingelwayo. yobungqina bekhonkco phakathi kokutshaya kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga, ibango elathi iqela lasasaza ngokubanzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngo-1954 kuphela, umzekelo, isiqingatha esipheleleyo sohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweli qela รขโฌลlophandoรขโฌ langena ekubekeni iintengiso nokuqesha iinkonzo ze-P.R. firm Hill & Knowlton; ngaphantsi kwe-10% yachithwa kuphando olululo. Enye incwadana enamaphepha ali-18 epapashwe liqela, รขโฌลImbono yeNzululwazi ngeNgxwabangxwaba yeCigaretteรขโฌ, yathunyelwa kubantu abangaphezu kwama-200,000, kuquka oogqirha, amalungu eNkongolo kunye namajelo eendaba.
Ngowe-1988, inkampani yecuba uPhilip Morris, ngokutsho kolunye uxwebhu lwangaphakathi, รขโฌลichitha intywenka yemaliรขโฌ ukuxhasa izazinzulu ezilungele ukubuza imibuzo ngeengozi zokutshaya icuba kunye รขโฌลigcine impikiswano iphilaรขโฌ; uphando luza รขโฌรขโฌukuhluzwaรขโฌ ngamagqwetha ukuphelisa iindawo ezinobuzazaรขโฌ, kwaye oosonzululwazi bavavanywe ukuze รขโฌลokucacileyo รขโฌลabachasene nabatshayiรขโฌ okanye abo รขโฌลimvelaphi engafanelekangaรขโฌ bahluzwe ngaphandle. รขโฌ Ngeminyaka yoo-1980, uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwe-TIRC lwenyuka lwaya kutsho kwi-10 lezigidi zeedola ngonyaka.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwawo wonke lo msebenzi, isicwangciso soshishino lwecuba yayingekokuzama ukuphumelela ingxoxo yenzululwazi, into ababeyazi kakuhle ukuba babengekho kwimeko yokuyenza. Into abanokuyenza, ngokufanelekileyo ngokwaneleyo, yayikukudala isikrini somsi: impikiswano eyenziweyo ekhuthaza ukuthandabuza okwaneleyo engqondweni yoluntu ukuba intlekele ye-P.R. inokuthintelwa รขโฌโ okanye ubuncinci ithintelwe.
โAmathandabuzo yimveliso yethu,โ watsho njalo omnye umphathi wenkampani yecuba ngowe-1969, โekubeni iyeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokukhuphisana โnezibakalaโ ezisezingqondweni zoluntu ngokubanzi. Ikwayindlela yokuseka impikiswano. โฆ Ukusasaza amathandabuzo ngobungqina obuqinileyo benzululwazi kwaye uluntu aluyi kuyazi into emayikholelwe.รขโฌ Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, omnye umntu ongaphakathi kushishino, ephonononga impumelelo yeqhinga le-P.R., wabhala:
รขโฌNgelixa iqhinga layilwa ngobuchule kwaye lasetyenziswa kule minyaka idlulileyo lisinceda ukuba siphumelele amadabi abalulekileyo, kufanelekile ukuthi sithi ayiso รขโฌโ kwaye ibingajongwanga ukuba รขโฌโ isithuthi soloyiso. Ngokuchasene noko, ibisoloko iyindlela yokubamba, ebandakanyaรขโฌโukudala amathandabuzo malunga nentlawulo yezempilo ngaphandle kokuyikhanyela รขโฌยฆรขโฌ
Ukwala ukutshintsha kwemozulu
Ngenzuzo yokujonga emva, singasathethi ke ngokukhululwa kwamawakawaka amaxwebhu oshishino lwecuba lwangaphakathi kummandla kawonke wonke, kunokubonakala kungaqhelekanga ukuba la maqela, ngamanye amaxesha aneemfuno ezingaphaya kwamandla, ebefanele ukuba abe nempumelelo ekudaleni iphulo lokusasaza ulwazi oluphangaleleyo noluntu. uphando lwezenzululwazi lobuxoki iminyaka emininzi kangaka. Kwenzeka njani ukuba abantu bantywiliselwe ngokulula ngolo hlobo kwimpikiswano ecacileyo eyilwe ngolu hlobo?
Okulusizi kukuba, la maqhinga akapheli kwiinkampani zecuba รขโฌโ, enyanisweni, zisisiseko seshishini le-P.R. Xa ifakwe ekoneni, ukuveliswa kwempikiswano sisixhobo esinamandla kumkhosi wemfazwe, njengoko uPhil Lesley, umbhali wencwadi yesandla yeP.R., evuma รขโฌลUkujamelana Namaqela Aphikisayoรขโฌ...
รขโฌลAbantu ngokubanzi abakhethi manyathelo kwimeko engoyikiyo xa iingxabano zibonakala zilungelelene kumacala omabini kwaye kukho intandabuzo ecacileyo. Ubunzima bezimvo eluntwini kufuneka bulungelelaniswe ukuze abantu babe namathandabuzo kwaye bangabi namdla wokuthatha inyathelo. Ngokufanelekileyo, iindlela ziyafuneka zokufumana ulwazi olulungelelanisiweyo ukuya kumjelo oluvela kwimithombo yoluntu oluya kuthi iyifumane ithembekile. Akukho mfuneko yendlela ecacileyo รขโฌหuloyisoรขโฌโข. โฆ Ukukhulisa amathandabuzo eluntwini ngokubonisa ukuba oku akuyomeko ecacileyo ekuxhaseni abachasi idla ngokuba yinto efunekayo รขโฌยฆรขโฌ.
Akukho ndawo apho amandla angaqhelekanga esi sicwangciso abonakaliswe ngcono kunomba wokutshintsha kwemozulu. Imvumelwano yezenzululwazi inamandla njengaleyo ikwikhonkco phakathi kwecuba kunye nomhlaza; imidla ebekiweyo inamandla ngokufanayo; Iziphumo zengxaki zikude, zixhalabisa kakhulu. Ngo-2004, ingxelo eyimfihlo evela kwi-Pentagon evavanya iziphumo zokhuseleko lwelizwe lokutshintsha kwemozulu yaxela kwangaphambili iziphumo eziyingozi kwilizwe lonke: Imozulu yaseBritane inokuba รขโฌลeSiberiaรขโฌ kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini; kuya kubakho ukunqongophala okukhulu kwamanzi namandla, ukusilela kwezityalo okuxhaphakileyo, indlala, nokuqhambuka kongquzulwano olukhulu, kwanemfazwe yenyukliya. รขโฌลKwakhona,รขโฌ ababhali bayo baqukumbela ngelithi, รขโฌลimfazwe ibiya kubuchaza ubomi bomntu.
Inqanaba lokutshintsha kwemozulu eyenziwe ngumntu ngoku lifikelele kwinqanaba lentlekele. NgoSeptemba 2005, i-Independent yanika ingxelo yoloyiko lwezazinzulu ezibek' esweni iArctic รขโฌลzingene kwinqanaba elingenakuguqulwa lokufudumala eliya kukhawulezisa ilahleko yomkhenkce wolwandle oye wanceda ukugcina imozulu izinzile kangangamawaka eminyaka. ukufudumala kuyanda, ngokunjalo ke oko kubizwa ngokuba รขziindlela zokunika ingxelo ngokusingqongileyoรขโฌ รขโฌโ imijikelo ekhohlakeleyo yokufudumala ekhokelela kukufudumala okuthe kratya, ekunyamaleleni komkhenkce, ukubonakalisa imitha yelanga; ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni emhlabeni; ukuguquka kweediphozithi zemethane ngaphantsi kolwandle; i-methane ephuma kwiibhogi ze-peat zaseSiberia ezinyibilikayo; ukufa kwamahlathi ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu; kunye nezinye iziphumo. Nje ukuba ezi ziqabelise ngaphakathi, njengemoto ebalekayo ukuhla endulini, utshintsho lwemozulu luphantse lube nzima ukubuyisela umva. Ukuba olona loyiko lubi lwamaqela okubeka iliso kwi-arctic luchanekile, utshintsho lwemozulu lusenokuba รขโฌลlugqithile kwindawo yokungabuyi'.
Kodwa kwakhona yimfazwe ye-P.R., hayi imvumelwano yezenzululwazi, echaza imida yengxoxo-mpikiswano yoluntu malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu, into ebizwa ngokuba โngabathandabuziโ yemozulu efumana ingqwalasela egqithisileyo kumajelo eendaba. Omnye wababalasele nguMichael Crichton, umbhali weyona ndawo ithengisa kakhulu iState of Fear รขโฌโ umnyhadala ochaza ithiyori yelenqe, apho oosonzululwazi bonakeleyo bagqibela ngokudala iintlekele zemozulu ngokwabo ukuze baqhubele phambili uloyiko loluntu. Njengoko iphephancwadi laseMelika uMama Jones libike, ngoJanuwari 2005 uCrichton wanikezwa iqonga yi-American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (AEI) eWashington D.C., apho wahlasela isayensi yemozulu, ebiza umzekeliso kunye namaNazi eugenics. รขโฌลI-Auschwitz ikhona,รขโฌ uxelele abaphulaphuli bakhe, รขโฌลngenxa yenzululwazi yezopolitiko.รขโฌ
Mhlawumbi ukothusa ngaphezu kokuthelekisa uCrichton yayisisigqebelo sokwenza amazwi anjalo kwinkampani awayethetha ngayo. Isilogeni se-AEI sinokuthi ngokufanelekileyo รขโฌลinzululwazi yezopolitikoรขโฌ: ukusukela ngo-1998 ifumene i-$1,385,000 kwinkampani yeoli i-ExxonMobil; U-Lee Raymond, usekela-sihlalo we-AEI's board of trustees, ngusihlalo kunye ne-CEO ye-Exxon. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, eli ziko belisoloko lifuna ukugxeka isayensi emva kokutshintsha kwemozulu, kwaye lithintele yonke imizamo yokuyithintela. Inqaku elinye elikwiwebhusayithi yalo รขโฌโ elinesihloko esithi รขโฌลISivumelwano saseKyoto esifanelwe kukufaรขโฌ รขโฌโ libanga ukuba, รขโฌลNangona kumiselwe kakuhle ukuba umoya ojikeleze umhlaba uye wafudumala ngandlelโ ithile (iqondo elinye ngokukaFahrenheit) ngexesha kwinkulungwane edlulileyo, akucaci ukuba kutheni le nto yenzeke. โฆ Nokuba zithini na izizathu, asazi ukuba iintsingiselo zokufudumala kwexa elizayo ziyakuba nkulu okanye zibe ncinci, okanye iziphumo zendalo esingqongileyo kunye nezoqoqosho (kuquka zombini iziphumo eziluncedo nezinobungozi) zinokuba nkulu okanye zincinci.รขโฌ
รขโฌลIsenokufika imini,รขโฌ laqukumbela ngelithi, รขโฌลxa inzululwazi yokufudumala kwehlabathi iye yakhula kangangokuba kufuneka kujongwe ukhetho olunzima nolunempikiswano malunga nolawulo oluneendleko eziphezulu. Kodwa,โ iyasiqinisekisa, โloo mini isekude kumashumi eminyaka imbi kakhulu, yaye isenokungafiki kwaphela.โโ Yoh.
Uhlalutyo olunjalo luqhelekile kumaqela axhaswa ngemali yifosili yefosili ngokubanzi, kunye ne-ExxonMobil ngakumbi. I-Exxon bankrolls ngaphezulu kwamaziko angamashumi amane, amanye kuwo esele emiselwe ixesha elide iitanki zokucinga ze-ultra-conservative ezifana neCato Institute, iZiko leSizwe loHlalutyo loMgaqo-nkqubo kunye neSiseko seLifa leMveli, amanye awo amaqela aphambili athetha ukuba azinikele kuphando lwezenzululwazi oluzimeleyo รขโฌ " kubandakanywa neZiko lokuFunda ngeCarbon Dioxide kunye noTshintsho lweHlabathi kunye neZiko le-Annapolis loMgaqo-nkqubo woLuntu oluSekwe kwiSayensi. Elinye, eliphantse labizwa ngokuphoxayo ngokuba รขโฌลIziko eliZimeleyoรขโฌ, elizibiza รขโฌลlingenzi nzuzo, lingenapolitiki, uphando lobungcali kunye nombutho wezemfundoรขโฌ, lifumene ubuncinci i-$40,000 kwi-Exxon. Eli ziko, njengamaqela afumana inkxaso-mali kwishishini lecuba ngaphambi kwalo, libonakala lizenza iziko lophando lokwenene ngelixa likhupha iP.R. kuye nabani na ohlawula amatyala alo. Ngo-1999, ngokutsho kweNew York Times, iZiko lahlawulwa nguMicrosoft (oyena mxhasi mkhulu waloo nyaka) ukuze aqhube isibhengezo sephepha elipheleleyo ekhalazela ubumsulwa benkampani phambi kwezityholo zokungathembeki. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, iphinde yathatha indawo evumayo kubaxhasi bayo be-oyile: kwi-2003 yapapasha ingxelo ehlasela isayensi kwaye igxotha ingozi yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Kutshanje, ngoNovemba ka-2005, iye yaxhasa ngemali รขโฌลUbusuku obunye noMichael Crichtonรขโฌ.
Impembelelo yezopolitiko
Ngokungamangalisiyo, ngokufika kwexesha lolawulo lukaBush e-ofisini indawo enkulu ye-oyile ingene nzulu kubomi bezopolitiko baseMelika. Ixesha elininzi kunzima ukuxela ukuba urhulumente uphelela phi kwaye ishishini le-oyile liqala: Ingeniso kamongameli uDick Cheney eHaliburton iyodwa yayizizigidi ezingama-50-60 zeedola; U-Condoleeza Rice, owayesakuba ngumlawuli we-Chevron, wayedume kakubi ngokuba nenqwelo yeoli ebizwa ngegama lakhe.
Inani lokuvuza lenze le mida imfiliba yacaca ngakumbi รขโฌโ kwaye kumba wokutshintsha kwemozulu kucacile ukuba zombini ulawulo lwaseBush kunye ne-oli enkulu ziqinile kwinkampu enye. Ngo-2002, umzekelo, i-Arhente yoKhuseleko lokuSingqongileyo yase-US (EPA) yakhupha ingxelo, eyathi eneneni yabonisa ukuba urhulumente wase-US wayeqala ngqa ukulivuma igalelo labantu kutshintsho lwemozulu. Ingxelo ilumkise ngelithi รขโฌลukukhula okuqhubekayo kokukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse kungakhokelela kubushushu obuphakathi konyaka ngaphezulu kwe-United States obunokuba ngamaqondo amaninzi ngokukaCelsius (malunga ne-3 ukuya kwi-9 degrees Fahrenheit) ngenkulungwane yama-21รขโฌ kwaye รข โฌลImbalela rhoqo kwaye iqatha.
Amagosa e-White House abonakala engene kwimo yonxunguphalo. UPhilip Cooney, intloko yabasebenzi kwibhunga le-White House malunga nomgangatho wokusingqongileyo, ngokwamaxwebhu afunyenwe phantsi koMthetho weNkululeko yoLwazi, uqhagamshelane noMyron Ebell weZiko loKhuphiswano loShishino, iqumrhu elifumene ngaphezulu kwe-1.5 yezigidi zeedola kwi-ExxonMobil ukusukela ngo-1998 (kunye ngenkxaso-mali evela eTexaco, iFord Motors, iAmerican Petroleum Institute รขโฌโ umbutho worhwebo wamaqumrhu angaphezulu kwama-300 anxulumene noshishino lwepetroleum รขโฌโ kunye nemizi mveliso yaseKoch, eyona nkampani inkulu yeoli e-US). รขโฌลEnkosi ngokusifowunela nokucela uncedo lwethu,รขโฌ u-Ebell waphendula nge-imeyile yomhla wesi-3 kuJuni ka-2002. รขโฌรขโฌโขKum kubonakala ngathi abantu be-EPA ngabona bakwicala lokuwa kwaye besiya kuphela. ndiyathemba ukuba umfana (okanye gal) kufuneka abe phezulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka. โฆ Mhlawumbi ngomso siza kumemelela ukuba uWhitman [uChristine Whitman, intloko ye-EPA] agxothwe.รขโฌ Esi siphakamiso sisenokuba sasisekelwe kwiimpumelelo zangaphambili: iphulo elifanayo kwicala le-ExxonMobil kunye nolawulo lukaBush, elityhilwe ngumbutho Umlondolozi emva kokuvuzwa kwememo eyimfihlo ye-ExxonMobil, waye washenxisa uGqr Robert Watson, usihlalo wePhaneli yoLawulo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe ngoTshintsho lweMozulu, ngo-Epreli waloo nyaka.
Kodwa umsebenzi kaCooney uhambele phambili kunale. NgoJuni ka-2005, iProjekthi yokuThatha uXanduva lukaRhulumente yakhupha amaxwebhu aveza uhlaziyo lomhleli kaCooney kwiingxelo zikarhulumente wase-US malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Kokunye, รขโฌลukungaqinisekiรขโฌ kuye kwaba รขโฌลokubalulekileyo kunye nesisekoรขโฌ; รขโฌลImiba yoonobangela botshintsho lwebhayoloji nendalo kutshintsho lwemozulu okanye ukuguquguquka kwemozuluรขโฌ iye yaba รขโฌลnzimaรขโฌ kodwa รขโฌลinzima kakhuluรขโฌ. Amaxwebhu afunyenwe nguMkhangeli ngoSeptemba 2003 adize ukuba kungakanani ukufakwa kwabaphumeleleyo okufana รขโฌลokunokwenzekaรขโฌ kwaye รขโฌลkungenzekaรขโฌ kwakungafunwa yi-EPA: รขโฌลUkungaqiniseki kufakiweรขโฌ, bakhalaza, รขโฌลapho kukho ngokuqinisekileyo akukho namnye.รขโฌ UCooney, ongaqeqeshwanga kwezenzululwazi, ngaphambili wayesebenzela i-American Petroleum Institute - emva kwexesha lakhe e-White House, uye wathatha isikhundla kwi-ExxonMobil.
โBebefuna ukutyala isiphithiphithi kwingxoxo-mpikiswano,โ utshilo uJeff Symons, owayengumcebisi kumgaqo-nkqubo wemozulu we-EPA. รขโฌลIinjongo zabasebenzi be-EPA zilula kakhulu รขโฌโ ukufumana ulwazi olulungileyo. Oko kube kungquzulwano ne-White House ebiyifuna kumanyathelo okusingqongileyo.รขโฌ
Kubonakala ngathi i-Republican Party ngokwayo iyazi ngokupheleleyo i-capital yezopolitiko ukuba izuzwe ngokwandisa ubomi bale mpikiswano yoluntu. Njengememo evuzayo ecebisa abantu baseRiphabhlikhi malunga nokuba mabaveze imigaqo-nkqubo yabo yokusingqongileyo yiRiphabhlikhi uFrank Luntz wathi, รขโฌลImeko-bume mhlawumbi ngowona mba omnye apho amaRiphabhlikhi ngokubanziรขโฌโ kunye noMongameli Bush ngokukodwaรขโฌโ ngabona basesichengeni. รขโฌ Nangona kunjalo, รขโฌลAbavoti bakholelwa ekubeni akukho mvumelwano malunga nokufudumala kwehlabathi kuluntu lwezenzululwazi. Ukuba uluntu lunokukholelwa ukuba imiba yenzululwazi izinzisiwe, iimbono zabo malunga nokufudumala kwehlabathi ziya kutshintsha ngokufanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, kufuneka uqhubeke ukwenza ukunqongophala kwengqiniseko yezenzululwazi ibe ngumba ophambili kwingxoxo.รขโฌ Ezinye รขโฌลiimbono ziyakusebenzela ukuba zihlakulwe ngokufanelekileyoรขโฌยฆรขโฌ
Ukuhlwayela ukudideka kumajelo eendaba
Ukukhula kwamaqela angaphambili afana nala akunto ingaqhelekanga. Yintoni ebenza babe namandla kangaka รขโฌโ kwaye babe yingozi kangakaรขโฌโ ayingobudlelwane babo bezopolitiko kuphela, kodwa kunye nokuzimisela kwamajelo eendaba ukubanika ingqalelo nokuthembeka, ngakumbi iinzame zamaziko afana ne-BBC รขโฌลukulungelelanisaรขโฌ yabo. ukunikezelwa ngokumelwa okulinganayo okunikwe amalungu enkampu yokukhanyela imozulu. Ingxaki ngamanye amaxesha ibalelwa kwinani eliphezulu labafundi abanezidanga zobuntu abasebenza kumajelo eendaba, nabathanda ukujonga iingxoxo zezenzululwazi ngeliso elifana neleengxabano zezopolitiko รขโฌโ indlela edlala isiphithiphithi kwiimfuno zengqiqo. Ngokwamazwi kaMichael Mann, isazinzulu semozulu kwiYunivesithi yasePenn State,
รขโฌNgelixa ukunika ingxelo elinganayo kumacala amabini alwayo kunokubonakala kufanelekile kwingxoxo yezopolitiko, kuyabonakala ukuba ayifanelekanga kwiingxoxo zenzululwazi, apho kukho iinyaniso ezisisiseko. Kwimeko yokutshintsha kwemozulu, kukho ukuvumelana okucacileyo phakathi kwabaphandi abaqhelekileyo ukuba iimpembelelo zomntu kwimozulu sele zibonwa, kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba utshintsho olukhulu kakhulu lunokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo ukuba siyaqhubeka nokutshisa i-fuel fuels kumazinga angoku. Bambalwa kuphela รขโฌลabachaseneyoรขโฌ oosonzululwazi bemozulu abaqhubayo ukuphikisa eso mvumelwano. Ukunika aba bachasi ixesha elilinganayo okanye indawo kwintetho kawonke-wonke ngotshintsho lwemozulu ngenxa yesidingo sobuntatheli รขโฌลibhalansiรขโฌ ayikhuselekanga njengokuba, yithi, ukunika iFlat Earth Society ilizwi elilinganayo neNASA kuyilo lwendlela entsha. isathelayithi yendawo. Ayifanelekanga kwaphela. Kodwa iyaqhubeka ngenkani.รขโฌ
Le ndlela ikwashiye amajelo eendaba evuleleke ngokubanzi kuyilo lwabasasazi beshishini. U-Myron Ebell okhankanywe ngasentla we-CEI eyedwa wayecatshulwe ngokubalulekileyo kutshintsho lwemozulu yi-BBC News Online izihlandlo ezihlanu ngo-2004. Okumangalisayo kukuba, akukho nalinye kula mabali apho i-CEI's inkxaso-mali ebalulekileyo yoshishino lwepetroleum evunyiweyo. Ukuba indima yabathetheleli abafumana inkxaso-mali kushishino lwe-oyile ngokwenene รขโฌลkuhlwayela isiphithiphithiรขโฌ รขโฌโ ngokuvala ingxoxo-mpikiswano kunokuba baphumelele ngokuthe ngqo รขโฌโ babonakala bephumelela. Umbuzo ngowokuba kutheni iivenkile ezifana neBBC zibancedisa. Nangona ngoku kubonakala kucace gca ukuba amaqela afumana inkxaso-mali kwishishini lecuba afanele abe yimithombo engathembekanga kwinzululwazi yomhlaza wemiphunga obangelwa kukutshaya, amajelo eendaba ahlala ebonakala engakwazi ukwandisa loo mgaqo kwindawo yabaxhamli boshishino lweoyile kutshintsho lwemozulu.
Kwabaninzi, ukugqwetheka nobuxoki bezinto ezifunwa yimali zizinto nje ezisoloko zikho kubukhapitali banamhlanje. Uninzi lwamajelo eendaba asezandleni zabanini abazizityebi, abasasazi kunye namaphephandaba axhomekeke kakhulu kwingeniso yentengiso ukuze aphile, uphando oluzimeleyo oluxhaswa ngemali licandelo likarhulumente kwaye lunyanzeleke ukuba luxhomekeke kwingxowa-mali yequmrhu, ingqondo kawonke-wonke ihlala ibekwe ezandleni. yamaqumrhu anezinto ezingeyomdla woluntu entliziyweni. Oku akuyongxaki encinci. Ukuba iinkampani zecuba ezibhedayo kunye nenkohliso ziye zafak' isandla ekufeni kwezigidi zabantu, abo baphika ukuguquka kwemozulu baxhaswa ngeoyile, ngokumisa nayiphi na intshukumo kulo mbandela, kunokuba luncedo ekuziseni ukuphela koluntu. Ukuba ezona loyiko lubi lwenzululwazi luchanekile, kwaye nokutshintsha kwemozulu ngenene kufikelele โkwindawo yokungabuyiโ, kunokwenzeka ukuba sele bekwenzile oko.
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