Njengoko iSyria ingena kwi-crosshairs yasentshona, uluntu luhlaselwe ngobugcisa bemigaqo ephezulu. "Ungenzi mpazamo", uyachaza Unobhala welizwe lase-US uJohn Kerry, โuMongameli Obama ukholelwa ukuba kufuneka kubekho uxanduva kwabo baza kusebenzisa ezona zixhobo ziyingozi ehlabathini ngokuchasene nabona bantu basesichengeni. Akukho nto namhlanje inzulu ngakumbi, kwaye akukho nto ijongwa ngokunzulu ngakumbi. โ
Inkulumbuso uDavid Cameron, ukubhenela kwiiNgqungquthela NgoLwesine, unyanzelise ukuba ityala lesenzo eSyria linqumle kumbindi welo โhlobo lwelizweโ iBritane:
Umbuzo ophambi kwethu ngulo: Ngaba iBritane lilizwe elifuna ukuthobela loo mthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ngokuchasene nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zemichiza? Ingxoxo yam kukuba ewe, kufanele kube lolo hlobo lwelizwe.
Ngoko ke, khawucinge ngamazwi kaCol. Richard Kemp, owayesakuba ngumphathi-mkhosi waseBritani eAfghanistan. Ngo-2009, njengoSirayeli kune phosphorus emhlophe kubantu baseGaza, eKemp inyibilikisiwe on Ihlabathi ngokuhlwanje:
silwa e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka sisebenzise izixhobo zasemoyeni ezifana ne-artillery kunye ne-phosphorus emhlophe, kwaye siyazisebenzisa ezo zixhobo, nakwiindawo ezinenani elithile labemi.
I-Colonel isenokuba nentanda-bulumko enganeno yayiyi-phosphorus emhlophe ukuba ihlale kuyo, yithi, e-Bracknell. Kodwa ukwamkelwa kwakhe kubonisa kuphela incam yomkhenkce. Ukubulawa kwabantu rhoqo kwaSirayeli inkxaso ngoncedo lomkhosi waseMelika kunye ndincedile ngokuthengiswa kwezixhobo e-UK; Ukubonelelwa kwazo zombini kuqhubekile, ngokomzekelo, emva kokuba uSirayeli wahlutha amazantsi eLebhanon ngeebhombu zamaqela ngo-2006โโengazange ibekho ngaphambili"Izenzo zomkhosi zijolise kakhulu kwiidolophu kunye neelali, ukumba imigodi yonke indawo ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe ukupheliswa kokudubula. Ngeminyaka yoo-1980, i-US, eyayiza kukhokelela kulo naluphi na umsebenzi eSyria, isazi. wancedwa USaddam Hussein uqalise ukuhlaselwa kweekhemikhali e-Iran. Imikhosi yase-US ezisetyenzisiweyo i-phosphorus emhlophe kunye ne-Mark 77 firebombs-indlela yanamhlanje ye-napalm-e-Iraq. E-Fallujah, amajoni aseMelika avaleleke amadoda aneminyaka yokulwa esixekweni-e i-echo epholileyo yendyikityha yokufa yaseSrebrenica ngowe-1995โngaphambili ukutshabalalisa isiqingatha sayo, iphatha abo bangaphakathi njengabalweli. Izazinzulu zikrokrela i-Fallujah omkhulu izinga lokuzalwa iziphene zidityaniswe neembumbulu zeuranium eziphelelweyo esetyenziswa ngamajoni aseMelika. Amaphulo okuqhubhisa ibhombu ka-Obama ayaqhubeka yoyikisa abantu bebonke, bagwebe abantu ngokusekwe "kwiindlela zokuziphatha" ezikrokrelayo, kunye bhengeza amaxhoba enetyala de kufunyaniswe ukuba msulwa. Njengoko uHans Blix amanqaku, amagunya asentshona ayayichasa imithetho ekwalela โukusetyenziswa kokuqalaโ kwezixhobo zawo zenyukliyaโekubonakala ukuba โngumgca obomvuโ esifanele siwunqumle ngokukhululekileyo.
Xa ukusekwa abahlalutyi imfuneko ubundlobongela obaneleyo bokunqanda kunye nokohlwaya "[l]abalandeli ...
[t]iinkqubo kunye neeyunithi zomkhosi okanye i-paramilitary ezenza ulwaphulo-mthetho olunjalo lujolise ngokusemthethweni, njengoko zinjalo ii-asethi ezikhuselayo kunye namaqumrhu ezoqoqosho azixhasayo,
Babhala ngokungafihlisiyo iLondon, iWashington kunye nabaxhasi babo bezemali "iithagethi ezisemthethweni" -isigqibo esigqithise kakhulu kunayo nayiphi na into echasene nemfazwe "iintshaba" ezixhasayo. Sixoxa ngokuhlaselwa kweSyria kuneWashington kuphela kuba amandla abeka imida yengxoxo.
Ngaphandle kwesigunyaziso se-UN, ukuhlasela iSyria akukho mthethweni ngokucacileyo: akunjalo izibakala okanye imithetho xhasa ngaphandle "kobuntu". Ukanti bambalwa ababonakala bekhathazeke ngokungeyomfuneko. "Ndicace gca," utshilo u-Ed Miliband ngoLwesine, "ukuba kufuneka sifunde izifundo zase-Iraq", enye yezona "zibaluleke kakhulu" kukuhlonipha iZizwe eziManyeneyo. Sekunjalo, uqhube wathi, "kunokubakho iimeko, ngokungabikho kwesahluko VII sesigqibo seBhunga lezoKhuseleko, ukuba kuthathwe inyathelo": Amagqwetha karhulumente atsho njalo, emva koko (nokuba "uninzi lwabantuโ oorhulumente abakwenzi oko) kwaye sakwenza eKosovo (nokuba ngokwenjenjalo thina wophule umthetho). "Intlonipho" kunye nokungahoywa: indibaniselwano enomdla. USihlalo weKomiti yePalamente yeMicimbi yezaNgaphandle, ebengqale ngqo, ecacisa ukuba,
enyanisweni, [isikhundla seGqwetha-Jikelele] sithetha ukuba i-UN ngoku ayisafuneki kwaye imfundiso yobuntu inemilenze yayo kwaye inokutolikwa ngayo nayiphi na indlela amaqela anqwenela ngayo.
-Ngaphambi kokuvotela isindululo sikaCameron nokuba kunjalo. Umhleli obalaseleyo kwi Omtsha waseMerika iyayichitha "inkohliso endala" yokuba intshona kufuneka ihloniphe umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe; Ibhlog ehamba phambili yasekhohlo yaseBritani ijoyina โlivuseleleโ umnqamlezo wokuvumela amazwe anamandla ukuba awaphule njengoko abona kufanelekile. "IBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN ayinguye yedwa umgcini wezinto ezisemthethweni nezifanelekileyo", Ichaza uMongameli weBhunga lezoBudlelwane baNgaphandle. Ugunyaziso lwe-UN, igosa laseMelika xelela Nkqubo welizwe langaphandle, nje โubeka ixesha ekupheleni kwesivakalisiโ. UPaddy Ashdown uya โthiyileโ ukubona uhlaselo ngaphandle kwemvume yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyoโnangona ngokucacileyo lungekho kangako, ekubeni ekwacinga ukuba iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ziya kungenelwa ukuba ziqhubela phambili kungakhathaliseki. NjengaseSerbia, njengase-Iraq, kufuneka sitshabalalise ilali yehlabathi ukuze siyisindise.
Kumajelo osasazo onke, iinjongo zeenkokeli zethu zihlala zingenakugxekwa. I TelegraphUMthetheleli oyiNtloko waNgaphandle ubiza umqalisi wolonwabo u-Obama โigorha elimathidalaโ obungangamsha bobubele buthintela โizinto ezoyikekayoโ ukuba zenzeke. Ukwenzela i Omtsha waseMerika, iinkokeli zasentshona โiinkululeko eziphakamileyo abaya emfazweni ngenjongo yokulondoloza ubomi babantuโ.
Ngokwenyani, izenzo zeWashington eSyria ziya kubonisa injongo yayo ebanzi yokukhusela ulawulo lwengingqi. Bayafuna, amanqaku umhlalutyi uPaul Rogers,
iSyria exhasa intshona eya kuthi icinezele kakhulu impembelelo yaseIran kulo mmandla kwaye iphelise nayiphi na ingcamango yokuba i-'Shi'a crescent' inokusekwa-ukusuka kwiMeditera ukuya kuLwandlekazi lwase-Indian, ukuya eLebhanon, eSiriya, e-Iraq nase-Iran. Oku kufana nephupha le-neo-con lika-2001-03, elalikholelwa ukuba ukupheliswa kolawulo e-Iraq kuya kwenza umlingane wasentshona we-pincer ngokuchasene ne-Iran, ehambelana nendima ye-Afghanistan ngasempuma.
Kodwa i-US ayiphumelelanga ukuphumelela isikhundla esiphezulu kumaqela asentshona phakathi kweSyria ukungamanyani amaqela abavukeli, kwaye endaweni yoko ajongana "namandla akhulayo ama-paramilitaries ama-Islamist". Abanye "abanyanisiweyo" ke ngoko cebisa U-Obama uphembelela imfazwe yamakhaya ngabom, ehlengahlengisa ukuhamba kwezixhobo ukuthintela ukuphumelela kwamacala. Kodwa iWashington ayilungiselelanga ngokulinganayo ukuvumela iSyria ukuba iqhekeke, ishiya iindawo ezinkulu phantsi kolawulo lwejihadist. "Impikiswano yezixhobo zekhemikhali", ke, "inokubonelela ngeendlela zokukhawulezisa isiphelo sika-Assad kwaye ithintele esi siphumo."
Amajelo ase-US athatha amabango asemthethweni malunga nokuhlaselwa kweekhemikhali kwi umgangatho wobuso; kodwa ubungqina obukhoyo buyagungqisa. Kucacile ukuba kuhlaselwe; akucacanga ukuba ngubani owenze loo nto. Urhulumente waseSyria unenkuthazo encinci ecacileyo yokuwela "umgca obomvu" ka-Obama kwaye uvuse impindezelo. IOfisi yoMlawuli wezobuNtlola kuZwelonke aka- "Ubungqina buka-Assad bayalele ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zekhemikhali", ngelixa ezo "iminxeba yovaloโ ukusuka kumphathi waseSyria ukuya ebaleni kwenze amathandabuzo kuphela kurhulumente. Abaninzi bayathandabuza ukuba olo hlaselo luyifanele na impendulo ukuba uphalazo-gazi olubanzi lwaseSiriya alukwenzi oko.
Ukhetho lwasemkhosini lusukela kokungenanjongo ukuya โyingozi kakhuluโ, kwaye zombini zombini. Iphepha lika-2012 kwi Umbhalo woPhando loPhando fu maneka โukuba ukungenelela komkhosi [kwiimfazwe zamakhaya] ngokuxhasa iqela labavukeli โฆ kuthanda ukonyusa ukubulawa kukarhulumente kwabemi malunga ne-40%โ. Oku kuxhasa "imvumelwano yezemfundoโ ukuba ukubandakanyeka kwangaphandle kwenza iimfazwe zamakhaya zibe zinde, ziphalaze igazi ngakumbi, yaye kube nzima ngakumbi ukuzicombulula ngoxolo. "Ezona ziphumo zimbi zibandakanya abadlali abaninzi bangaphandle abaneenjongo eziphikisanayo"-njengaseSyria.
Obama iphakamisa "Umda", uhlaselo lwezohlwayo oluya "kuthumela umyalezo" kodwa ungajoli kwizixhobo zekhemikhali okanye "ukutshintsha ukulingana kwamandla". Ukanti oku kunganyusa amathemba eqela eliphikisayo, liwaphanzise xa kungekho nkxaso ingaphezulu. Nditsho nomyili weplani yemfazwe yaseSyria iifowuni ezo ntlaselo zohlwayo โezona zenzo zisisidengeโ: zazingayi kumohlwaya urhulumente ka-Assad ongaguqukiyo ngokwaneleyo ukuba amthintele; athathe indawo yezixhobo zekhemikhali kwaye uya kuchithachitha okuseleyo phakathi kwemikhosi yakhe. "Ezona zembali zihambelanayo", i Washington Post fu maneka, ukuthetha namagosa amaninzi angaphambili e-US, "zigcwele iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye azibonisi mpumelelo". Owayesakuba ngumcwangcisi weNavy uChristopher Harmer ubiza uhlaselo olunjalo โlubi kunokwenza ntoโ, kuba lunokuxhasa u-Assad ngokuchasene nomdlwenguli wangaphandle. Ukuba izenzo zenkohlakalo ziyaqhubeka okanye zanyuswa, iWashington inokugcina "ukuthembeka" kuphela ngokunyusa uhlaselo lwayo-ingozi eyoyikekayo kwaye. mhlawumbi ngamampunge kunjalo. Owayesakuba ligosa lase-US u-Aaron David Miller ngokuqinisekileyo (ukuba akanasimilo) ulungile ukuba, kunokuba "uvelise ophumeleleyo ocacileyo ekugqibeleni",
iSiriya kakhulu kunokwenzeka ukuba morph ibe ipolitiko decentralized apho Alawites, Kurds, kunye Sunnis kuqhubeka umzabalazo omnye komnye kunye kunye al Qaeda-uhlobo extremist kwi semi-ukuzimela kunye enclaves engasebenziyo kwiminyaka ezayo. โฆ Ukususa uAssad nangayiphi na indlela akuqinisekisi uzinzo, ukuphela kwemfazwe yamakhaya, okanye uloyiso lwenkcaso exhasa iNtshona.
Ngeli xesha, inyathelo elicalanye liza kuvala umkhondo wozakuzo kunye namahlakani aseSyria, iRussia, iChina kunye neIran, kwaye thintela intsebenziswano yoluntu.
I-veto yeNdlu yee-Commons malunga nokubandakanyeka kweBritane yamkelekile. Kuyo yonke le ngxoxo yangoLwesine, amalungu ePalamente aziqhayisele ngokuzimela ngokukhululeka kwisigqeba esilawulayoโโiPalamente,โ kuchwayitile omnye, โiyavukaโ. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba uCameron uye wavuma ukuvota lo mbuzo, iPalamente ayinagunya lisemthethweni kwimiba yemfazwe noxolo: ukubonisana nayo yindibano yeTories ethenjisiweyo, kwaye ayihoyanga, ukwenza ukubophelela. Endaweni yoko, njengommeli wesithsaba, iNkulumbuso inakho yilwe imfazwe ngokokubona kwakhe. Njengoko i-MP ye-Tory ibeka, "i-quirk yomgaqo-siseko inike i-10 Downing Street amandla obukhosi be-mediaeval". Le yinkqubo ebolileyo, yakudala, engenalo ukuba semthethweni kwedemokhrasi.
Kwaye ukuxhobisa iPalamente akuthethi ukuxhobisa uluntu: ukuba kunjalo, kutheni i-Commons ivoti isondele kakhulu-igqitywe ngamaLungu ali-13-nini inkcaso yoluntu yayicace gca? AmaLungu ePalamente ngokungathandabuzekiyo aphenjelelwe luluvo loluntu, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo akazange alumele. โIPalamente, isoloko inyeliswa,โ uqukumbela ngelithi Guardian, "wenze umsebenzi wawo xa kubalulekile". Kodwa kwakubalulekile nakwimeko yeLibya, xa a united udidi lwezopolitiko luvele lwabhukuqa kakhulu inkcaso yoluntu. Xa uTory evukela uSara Wollaston iimfuno โithubaโ lokuba abantu โbabe nelizwi ngeLungu labo lePalamenteโ, ngoko ke, ukhuthaza intsomi: yokuba iPalamente isinika indima enentsingiselo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo.
Kwidemokhrasi, uluntu-hayi inkosi okanye "ulawulo lobuzwilakheโโesenza isigqibo ngexesha kunye nokuba iya kuyigunyazisa na imfazwe. Asifanele sifune into engaphantsi.
UTim Holmes ungumbhali netshantliziyo. Uhlala embindini weWales
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela