Umthombo: I-Intercept
Kukho inkxalabo ebanzi ukuba iikhamera zevidiyo ziya kusebenzisa isoftware yokuqaphela ubuso ukulandelela yonke intshukumo yethu yoluntu. Okungacaciswanga kangako - kodwa yonke into eyothusayo - kukwandiswa okubonakalayo kweenethiwekhi "ezihlakaniphileyo" zokujonga ividiyo.
Amashishini abucala kunye namakhaya aqala ukufaka iikhamera zawo kuthungelwano lwamapolisa, kwaye inkqubela phambili ekhawulezileyo kubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kutyalo-mali lukamabonakude oluvaliweyo, okanye i-CCTV, uthungelwano olunamandla okubeka iliso kuluntu luphela. Kwixesha elizayo elingekude kangako, imikhosi yamapolisa, iivenkile, kunye nabaphathi besixeko banethemba lokufota yonke intshukumo yakho - kwaye bayitolike usebenzisa uhlalutyo lwevidiyo.
Ukunyuka kwenethiwekhi yekhamera ebona konke luphuhliso olothusayo olusongela amalungelo oluntu kunye nenkululeko kwihlabathi liphela. Ii-arhente zogcino-mthetho zinembali ende yokusebenzisa ucupho kuluntu oluhlelelekileyo, kwaye uphononongo lubonisa ukucupha inkululeko yokuthetha - iziphumo ezibi ezinokusasazeka njengoko uthungelwano lwekhamera lukhula kwaye luphucuke ngakumbi.
Ukuqonda imeko esijongene nayo, kufuneka siqonde ukunyuka kweshishini lokucupha ividiyo-imbali yayo, abadlali bayo bamandla, kunye nekamva layo. Iqala ngokwanda kweekhamera zamapolisa kunye nokhuseleko, kwaye iphetha ngokubaluleka kweshishini elitsha elinamandla: ukujongwa okupheleleyo kwendawo yoluntu.
IiNkqubo zoLawulo lweVidiyo kunye neeNethiwekhi zokuLawula i-plug-in
Kumashumi eminyaka yokuqala yobukho, iikhamera zeCCTV yayizizixhobo ze-analog ezinesombululo esisezantsi ezirekhodwe kwiiteyiphu. Amashishini okanye abaphathi besixeko babathumele ukuba benze ifilimu kwindawo encinci enomdla. Zimbalwa iikhamera ezifakwe kwi-pubic, kwaye amandla okulandelela abantu ayelinganiselwe: Ukuba amapolisa afuna ukulandela umntu onomdla, kwakufuneka achithe iiyure eqokelela imifanekiso ngeenyawo kwiindawo ezikufutshane.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1990, uphononongo lwevidiyo lwaba phambili ngakumbi. Inkampani ebizwa ngokuba yi-Axis Communications yaqulunqa eyokuqala ikhamera yokucupha ene-intanethi, eguqule imifanekiso ehambayo ukuya kwidatha yedijithali. Amashishini amatsha afana neMilestone Systems yakha iiNkqubo zoLawulo lweVidiyo, okanye iVMS, ukucwangcisa ulwazi lwevidiyo kwiziko ledatha. Ababoneleli be-VMS benza izinto ezintsha ezifana neteknoloji ye-sensor sensor eyazisa abalindi xa umntu ebanjwe kwikhamera kwindawo ethintelweyo.
Njengoko ixesha lalihamba, uphononongo lwevidiyo lwasasazeka. Vula iakhawunti enye, malunga neminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo, iUnited Kingdom yafakelwa iikhamera zeCCTV ezingama-60 kwilizwe lonke. Namhlanje, i-U.K. iphelile 6 million izixhobo ezinjalo, ngelixa i-U.S amashumi ezigidi. Ngokutsho kwenkampani yokuthengisa i-IHS Markit, 1 yeebhiliyoni zeekhamera iyakube ibukele ihlabathi ekupheleni kuka-2021, kunye ne-United States ekhuphisana ne-China umntu ngamnye izinga lokungena kwekhamera. Amapolisa ngoku anokulandelela abantu kwiikhamera ezininzi ukusuka kwiziko lomyalelo kunye nolawulo, idesktop, okanye i-smartphone.
Nangona kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa amawaka eekhamera kwi-VMS, kuyabiza. Ukonyusa inani le-CCTVs ezifumanekayo, izixeko zisandula ukuza neqhinga elikrelekrele: ukukhuthaza amashishini kunye nabahlali ukuba babeke iikhamera zabucala kuthungelwano lwamapolisa - into endiyibiza ngokuba "yi-plug-in surveillance networks."
Ngokudibanisa iikhamera zedolophu kunye neekhamera zabucala, iingcali zamapolisa zithi iarhente yedolophu enkulu inokuthi iqokelele. ngamakhulu amawaka yevidiyo feed kwiminyaka nje embalwa.Detroit uye popularized plug-in surveillance networks ngenkqubo yayo impikiswano Project Green Light. NgeProjekthi yokuKhanya okuLuhlaza, amashishini anokuthenga iikhamera zeCCTV aze azidibanise nekomkhulu lamapolisa. Basenokubeka isibane esikhanyayo esiluhlaza ecaleni kweekhamera ukubonisa ukuba bayinxalenye yothungelwano lwamapolisa. Le projekthi ibango lokunqanda ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokubonisa abahlali: Amapolisa akujongile.
IDetroit ayiyodwa. Chicago, New Orleans, Inew york, yaye Atlanta baye basasaza i-plug-in surveillance networks. Kwezi zixeko, amashishini abucala kunye/okanye amakhaya abonelela ngokutya okudityaniswe kumaziko olwaphulo-mthetho ukuze amapolisa akwazi ukufikelela kwimijelo ephilayo kunye neevidiyo ezirekhodiweyo. Isebe lamapolisa e-New Haven, Connecticut, lindixelele ukuba bajonge ukucupha, kwaye abanye bacingela oko.
Inani leekhamera kuthungelwano lwamapolisa ngoku lisukela kumashumi amawaka (Chicago) ukuya kumakhulu aliqela (eNew Orleans). Njengoko kukho iikhamera ezininzi, kunye neqela elincinane lamagosa eliza kuzibukela, ii-arhente zogcino-mthetho zijongene nomcelimngeni omtsha: Uyenza njani ingqiqo ngayo yonke loo mifanekiso?
Impendulo luhlalutyo lwevidiyo.
Uhlalutyo lwevidiyo luyahamba
Malunga nowama-2006, ibhinqa eliselula lakwaSirayeli lalirekhoda iividiyo zosapho qho ngeempelaveki, kodwa njengomfundi nomzali, wayengenaxesha lokuzibukela. Isazi ngekhompyutha kwidyunivesithi yakhe, uNjingalwazi Shmuel Peleg, undixelele ukuba uzamile ukumenzela isisombululo: Uyakuthatha ividiyo ende kwaye acuthe umsebenzi onomdla kwikliphu yevidiyo emfutshane.
Isisombululo sakhe asiphumelelanga: Isebenza kuphela kwiikhamera ezimileyo, kwaye ikhamera yevidiyo yomfundi yayishukuma xa wayefota usapho lwakhe.
Kungekudala uPeleg wafumana enye imeko yokusetyenziswa kwishishini lokucupha, elixhomekeke kwiikhamera ezimileyo. Isisombululo sakhe saba yi-BriefCam, inkampani yohlalutyo lwevidiyo enokuthi ishwankathele imiboniso yevidiyo ukusuka kwindawo yonke ixesha ukuze abaphandi bakwazi ukujonga yonke imifanekiso efanelekileyo ngexesha elifutshane.
Isebenzisa inqaku elibizwa ngokuba yiVideo Synopsis, iBriefCam yoleka umfanekiso weziganeko ezenzeka ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ngokungathi zivela ngaxeshanye. Umzekelo, ukuba abantu abaninzi bahambe ngaphaya kwekhamera ngo-12:30 p.m., 12:40 p.m., kunye no-12:50 p.m., i-BriefCam iya kuhlanganisa imifanekiso yabo ibe yindawo enye. Abaphandi banokujonga yonke imifanekiso enomdla ukusuka kusuku olunikiweyo ngemizuzu endaweni yeeyure.
Enkosi kwinkqubela phambili ekhawulezileyo kubukrelekrele bokwenziwa, isishwankathelo yinto nje enye kumgca wemveliso weBriefCam kunye nokwanda ngokukhawuleza. ishishini lohlalutyo lwevidiyo.
Ukuqondwa kokuziphatha kubandakanya ukukwazi ukuhlaziya ividiyo efana ukulwa ukubhaqwa, ukuqondwa kweemvakalelo, ukubhaqwa kokuwa, ukuzulazula, ukuhamba kwezinja, ukuhamba ngeenyawo, ukuphepha ukurhafisa, kunye nokuba ukubhaqwa kobuxoki.
Ukuqondwa kwento kunokwazi ubuso, izilwanyana, iimoto, izixhobo, imililo, kunye nezinye izinto, kunye neempawu zobuntu ezifana nesini, ubudala, kunye nombala weenwele.
Ukufunyaniswa kokuziphatha okungaqhelekanga okanye okungaqhelekanga kusebenza ngokurekhoda indawo emiselweyo kangangexesha elithile - yithi, iintsuku ze-30 - kunye nokumisela ukuziphatha "okuqhelekileyo" kweso siganeko. Ukuba ikhamera ibona into engaqhelekanga - yithi, umntu obaleka esitratweni nge-3: 00 a.m. - iya kubhengeza isiganeko ukuba sihoywe.
Iinkqubo zokuhlalutya kwevidiyo zinokuhlalutya kwaye zikhangele kwimijelo yexesha langempela okanye imifanekiso erekhodiweyo. Bangakwazi nokubahlukanisa abantu okanye izinto njengoko benqumla inethiwekhi yekhamera ehlakaniphile.
eChicago; ENew Orleans; eDetroit; eSpringfield, eMassachusetts; kunye neHartford, Connecticut, zezinye zezixeko ngoku ezisebenzisa iBriefCam yobupolisa.
Ukukhangela kunye nokuHlola
Ngeendawo zedolophu ezigqunywe ngeekhamera, kunye nohlalutyo lwevidiyo ukuze lube nentsingiselo kubo, ii-arhente zogcino-mthetho zifumana amandla okurekhoda nokuhlalutya yonke into, ngamaxesha onke. Oku kunika abasemagunyeni amandla okusalathisa kunye nokukhangela idatabase enkulu yezinto, indlela yokuziphatha, kunye nomsebenzi ongaqhelekanga.
E-Connecticut, amapolisa asebenzise uhlalutyo lwevidiyo ukuchonga okanye ukubeka esweni abathengisi beziyobisi abaziwayo okanye abarhanelwa. USjini uJohnmichael O'Hare, owayesakuba nguMlawuli weZiko loLwaphulo-mthetho laseHartford, kutshanje. boniswa iBriefCam incede njani amapolisa aseHartford ukuba aveze "apho abantu baya khona kakhulu" kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-24 ngokubukela imifanekiso eshukumayo kwaye ishwankathelwe ngemizuzu nje elithoba. Esebenzisa into ebizwa ngokuba โziindlela,โ wafumanisa ukuba amakhulu abantu atyelela izindlu ezimbini nje esitratweni kwaye wafumana isigunyaziso sokugqogqa ukuze aqinisekise ukuba zizindlu zeziyobisi.
Ukuqala kohlalutyo lwevidiyo iVoxel51 yongeza ukukhangela okuphucukileyo kumxube. Isekelwe nguJason Corso, uprofesa wobunjineli bombane kunye nesayensi yekhompyutheni kwiYunivesithi yaseMichigan, inkampani inikezela ngeqonga lokucutshungulwa kwevidiyo kunye nokuqonda.
UCorso undixelele ukuba inkampani yakhe inethemba lokubonelela ngenkqubo yokuqala apho abantu โbanokukhangela ngokusekwe kwisiqulatho sesemantic malunga nedatha yabo, njengokuthi, 'Ndifuna ukufumana zonke iiklip zevidiyo ezineendlela ezingaphaya kwe-3 ... kunye neemoto ezingama-20 emini.'โ I-Voxel51 โizama ukwenza okoโ ngokuthatha imifanekiso yevidiyo kwaye โiyiguqule ibe yidata ecwangcisiweyo enokuphendlwa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zamaqonga.โ
Ngokungafaniyo neBriefCam, ehlalutya ividiyo ingasebenzisi nto ngaphandle kwesoftware yayo, iVoxel51 ibonelela ngeqonga elivulekileyo elivumela abantu besithathu ukuba bongeze ezabo iimodeli zohlalutyo. Ukuba iqonga liyaphumelela, liya kwandisa amandla okukhangela kunye nokujonga iindawo zoluntu.
UCorso undixelele ukuba inkampani yakhe isebenza kwi iprojekthi yokulinga kunye namapolisa aseBaltimore ngenkqubo yawo yokucupha iCitiWatch kunye nezicwangciso zokuvavanya isoftware kunye neSebe lamaPolisa aseHouston.
Njengoko izixeko ziqala ukuhambisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zokubeka iliso kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-intanethi yezinto, abaphandi bakwaphuhlisa ubuchule obaziwa ngokuba vIvidiyo analytics kunye sUmlawuli fukusetyenziswa, okanye VA/SF, kubuntlola bamapolisa. Nge-VA / SF, imijelo emininzi evela kwi-sensors idibaniswe kunye ne-analytics yevidiyo ukunciphisa ukungaqiniseki kunye nokwenza iinkcazo malunga neemeko ezinzima. Njengomzekelo omnye, uPeleg undixelele i-BriefCam iphuhlisa uhlalutyo lwe-audio yekhamera esebenzisa imakrofoni ukubona izenzo ezinokubhidanisa iinkqubo ze-AI, ezinje ngokuba abantu bayalwa okanye bayadanisa.
Ii-VMS zikwabonelela ngokudityaniswa kobuchule kuzo zonke iitekhnoloji. Owayesakuba yiNtloko yePolisa yaseNew Haven uAnthony Campbell wandixelela ukuba njani ShotSpotter, izixhobo eziphikisanayo ezimamela ukudubula kompu, zidibanisa nesoftware ekhethekileyo ukuze xa umpu udutyulwe, iikhamera ezijikelezayo ezikufutshane ngoko nangoko. guqula indlela yabo kwindawo yokukhutshwa kwezixhobo.
Amagosa anokusebenzisa isoftware ukutshixa iingcango zokwakha ukusuka kwiziko lolawulo, kwaye iinkampani ziphuhlisa uhlalutyo lokulumkisa ukhuseleko ukuba enye imoto ilandelwa yenye.
Ukubhekisa kwiLizwe โleNgxelo yabaNcinciโ
Uhlalutyo lwevidiyo lubamba uluhlu olubanzi lwedatha malunga neendawo ezigutyungelwe ngamanethiwekhi ekhamera ahlakaniphile. Ayimangalisi into yokuba, ulwazi olufakiweyo ngoku lucetywayo malunga nobupolisa obuqikelelwayo: ukusetyenziswa kwedatha ukuqikelela kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho lwamapolisa ngaphambi kokuba lwenzeke.
Kwi-2002, ifilimu ye-dystopian "Ingxelo encinci" ubonise uluntu olusebenzisa uhlalutyo โlwaphambi kolwaphulo-mthethoโ ukuze amapolisa angenelele ekwaphuleni umthetho ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Ekugqibeleni, amagosa aphetheyo azama ukuyilawula le nkqubo ukuze kulungelwe wona.
Inguqulelo yehlabathi lokwenyani "yeNgxelo yabaNcinci" yi elilukhuni kusetyenziswa amaziko olwaphulo-mthetho exesha lokwenyani asetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya iipatheni zolwaphulo-mthetho kumapolisa. Kula maziko, ii-arhente zogcino-mthetho zifunxa ulwazi oluvela kwimithombo efana nothungelwano losasazo loluntu, abathengisi bedatha, oovimba beenkcukacha zoluntu, iirekhodi zolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye neeShotSpotters. Idatha yemozulu ide ifakwe kwimpembelelo yayo kulwaphulo-mthetho (kuba "ababi abathandi ukuba manzi").
Kwi Uxwebhu luka-2018, inkampani yokugcina idatha iWestern Digital kunye ne-Accenture iqikelela ukuba uthungelwano lweekhamera ezikrelekrele luya kubekwa โkumanqanaba amathathu okukhula.โ Oku kwamkelwa komntwana kumanqanaba amaninzi, baye baphikisana, "kuya kuvumela uluntu" ukuba luyeke ngokuthe ngcembe "iinkxalabo malunga nobumfihlo" kwaye endaweni yoko "lwamkele kwaye luthethelele" ukubekw' esweni kwamapolisa amaninzi kunye nokubekw' esweni ngurhulumente ngenjongo "yokhuseleko loluntu."
Inqanaba loku-1 libandakanya ixesha langoku apho amapolisa asebenzisa uthungelwano lweCCTV ukuphanda ulwaphulo-mthetho emva kwenyani.
Ngowama-2025, uluntu luya kufikelela kwiSigaba sesi-2 njengoko oomasipala beguquka babe zizixeko โezihlakaniphileyoโ, lwatsho olu xwebhu. Amashishini kunye namaziko oluntu, njengezikolo kunye nezibhedlele, aya kufakela ukutya kweekhamera kurhulumente kunye nee-arhente zogcino-mthetho ukwazisa iinkqubo zokuhlalutya ezibekwe kwindawo enye, i-AI-enabled analytics.
I-Tier 3, eyona nkqubo yokucupha i-predictive-oriented surveillance system, iya kufika ngo-2035. Abanye abahlali baya kunikela ngokuzithandela ngeekhamera zabo zekhamera, ngelixa abanye "beya kukhuthazwa ukuba benze njalo ngenkuthazo yokuqhawula irhafu okanye imbuyekezo yemali." "I-ecosystem yokhuseleko loluntu" iya kubeka phakathi idatha "ekhutshwe kwiinkcukacha ezingafaniyo ezifana nemidiya yoluntu, iilayisensi zokuqhuba, i-database yamapolisa, kunye nedatha emnyama." Iyunithi yohlalutyo enikwe amandla yi-AI iya kuvumela amapolisa ukuba avavanye "izinto ezingaqhelekanga ngexesha lokwenyani kwaye aphazamise ulwaphulo-mthetho phambi kokuba lwenziwe."
Oko kukuthi, ukubamba ulwaphulo-mthetho lwangaphambili.
Ukunyuka kweVideo Surveillance Industrial Complex
Ngelixa uphononongo lweCCTV lwaqala njengesixhobo esilula sobulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho, iye yakhula yaba lishishini lezigidi-gidi zeedola eliquka amashishini amaninzi amileyo. Ukusuka kwezobupolisa kunye nezixeko ezikrelekrele ukuya ezikolweni, amaziko okhathalelo lwempilo, kunye neentengiso, uluntu lusondela ekujongeni uphononongo olusondeleyo lweendawo zorhwebo kunye nedolophu.
IDenmark-based Milestone Systems, umnikezeli ophezulu weVMS kunye nesiqingatha seengeniso zayo e-U.S., wayenabasebenzi abangaphantsi kwe-10 ngo-1999. Namhlanje bayinkampani enkulu ebanga iiofisi kumazwe angaphezu kwama-20.
Unxibelelwano lwe-Axis lwaludla ngokuba sisinxibo somshicileli wenethiwekhi. Ukususela ngoko baye baba ngababoneleli bekhamera abakhokelayo betyhala ngaphezulu kwe-1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiintengiso ngonyaka.
I-BriefCam yaqala njengeprojekthi yaseyunivesithi. Ngoku iphakathi kwababoneleli behlabathi abaphezulu bohlalutyo lwevidiyo, kunye nabathengi, ithi, ithatha kumazwe e-40.
Kule minyaka mithandathu idlulileyo, uCanon uthenge zonke zontathu, enika ubunini bomfanekiso-ngqondweni wezikhulu zeshishini kwisoftware yolawulo lwevidiyo, iikhamera zeCCTV, kunye nohlalutyo lwevidiyo. I-Motorola isanda kuzuza umnikezeli we-VMS ophezulu, i-Avigilon, nge-1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Emva koko, i-Avigilon kunye nezinye iifemu ezinkulu zithenge iinkampani zabo.
Uluntu luhlawulela ucupho lwalo lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kathathu ngaphezulu.
Iingxilimbela ezinkulu zetekhnoloji zikwakhona kwisenzo. ULieutenant Patrick O'Donnell wamapolisa aseChicago undixelele ukuba isebe lakhe lisebenza kwisivumelwano sokungabhengezi kunye noGoogle kwiprojekthi yovavanyo lwevidiyo yokukhangela abantu abasabela kukudubula, kwaye ukuba bakwindawo eqhelekileyo, ukuze amapolisa akwazi. fumana izaziso ngexesha lokwenyani. (UGoogle akasiphendulanga isicelo sokuphawula.)
Uthungelwano lokujongwa kwevidiyo lubhijela kwaye lubandakanya yonke inkqubo yendalo yabathengisi, abanye babo abathe banikezela, okanye abasanikezela, iinkonzo ezijolise ngokukodwa kwezo nkqubo. IMicrosoft, iAmazon, i-IBM, iComcast, iVerizon, kunye neCisco ziphakathi kwezo zivumela uthungelwano ngobuchwepheshe obufana neenkonzo zelifu, uqhagamshelo lwebroadband, okanye isoftware yokucupha ividiyo.
Kwicandelo likarhulumente, iZiko leSizwe leMigangatho kunye neTekhnoloji mali "uhlalutyo loluntu" kunye nothungelwano lonxibelelwano olufana neGunya leNethiwekhi yokuQala yoMphenduli, okanye FirstNet, ividiyo yexesha lokwenyani kunye nezinye iitekhnoloji zokucupha. I-FirstNet iya kuxabisa i-46.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, kwaye yakhiwa yi-AT&T.
IVoxel51 lelinye iphulo elixhaswa yi-NIST. Uluntu ke ngoko luhlawulela olwalo ucupho oluphezulu kathathu ngaphezulu: okokuqala, ngeerhafu zophando lweyunivesithi; okwesibini, ngemali yesibonelelo sokwenziwa kokuqalisa inzuzo (Voxel51); kwaye okwesithathu, ngokuthengwa kweenkonzo zeVoxel51 ngamasebe amapolisa edolophu esebenzisa imali yoluntu.
Ngecandelo labucala kunye nelikarhulumente lijonge ukwandisa ubukho beekhamera, ukucupha ividiyo kube yinkomo entsha yemali. Njengoko uCorso esitsho, โkuya kubakho into efana neekhamera ezingama-45 eebhiliyoni ehlabathini kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka. Zininzi iipixels (zevidiyo). Ubukhulu becala, uninzi lwezo pixels azisetyenziswa. โ Izipili zoqikelelo lweCorso a 2017 uqikelelo evela kwinkampani yaseNew York ye-LDV, ekholelwa ukuba ii-smartphones ziya kuvela zibe neekhamera ezininzi kunanamhlanje, zibe negalelo ekukhuleni.
Iinkampani eziqale ngeemakethi zamapolisa nezokhuseleko ngoku zenza izinto ezahlukeneyo kwicandelo lezorhwebo. I-BriefCam, i-Milestone, kunye ne-Axis zibhengeza ukusetyenziswa kwe-analytics yevidiyo kubathengisi, apho banokubeka iliso kwi-traffic yeenyawo, ubude bomgca, iipatheni zokuthenga, ukuhlelwa komgangatho, kunye nokuziphatha. A uvavanyo / B. IVoxel51 inokhetho olwakhelwe kumzi mveliso wefashoni kwaye iceba ukwandisa kuyo yonke imida yoshishino. Motionloft ibonelela ngohlahlelo lwezixeko ezikrelekrele, abathengisi, izindlu ezithengiswayo, kunye neendawo zokuzonwabisa. Eminye imizekelo mininzi.
Abadlali becandelo likarhulumente nelabucala bacinezela ilizwe eligcwele uphononongo lwevidiyo. Umzekelo, uPelege, wandixelela ngemeko yokusetyenziswa kwezixeko ezikrelekrele: Ukuba uyangena esixekweni, โunokumisa nje ugodukeโ ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imitha yokupaka. Isixeko siya kuthumela i-bill endlwini yakho ekupheleni kwenyanga. โEwe, ulahlekelwa kukubakho kwabucala,โ wongeze watsho. "Umbuzo ngowokuba, ngaba unenyani ukuba uBig Brother uyazi apho ukhoyo, wenza ntoni, njl.? Abanye abantu basenokungayithandi.โ
Ungalufaka njani uQwalaselo oluSmart
Abo bangazithandiyo iindlela ezintsha zokubekโ esweni uMzalwanโ uBig ngoku baxhotyiswe kukwamkelwa kobuso. Ukanti ubukhulu becala abaluhoyi utshintsho kuthungelwano lweekhamera ezikrelekrele- kunye neshishini eliqhubayo.
Amawaka eekhamera ngoku amiselwe ukuba ahlolisise yonke into esiyenzayo, exelela abaphathi besixeko enoba sihamba ngeenyawo, sibaleka, sikhwele iibhayisekile, okanye senza nantoni na โesikrokrisayo.โ Ngohlalutyo lwevidiyo, ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa busetyenziselwa ukuchonga isini, ubudala, kunye nodidi lwempahla, kwaye kusenokusetyenziswa ukusehlula ngokweendidi ngokwebala okanye isinxibo senkolo.
Ukubek' esweni okunjalo kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwinkululeko yethu yokuthetha nokunxulumana. Ngaba eli lihlabathi esifuna ukuphila kulo?
Amandla okulandelela abantu kuthungelwano lweCCTV anokusetyenziswa ukujolisa kuluntu oluhlelelekileyo. Ukufunyanwa โkokuzulazulaโ okanye โukubiwa evenkileniโ ngeekhamera ezigxininiswe kwiindawo ezihluphekayo kusenokwenza nzulu ucalucalulo lobuhlanga kwimisebenzi yobupolisa.
Olu hlobo localucalulo ngokobuhlanga sele yenzekile eMzantsi Afrika, apho โukubona indlela yokuziphatha okungaqhelekangaโ kusetyenziswe uthungelwano lweekhamera ezikrelekrele iminyaka emininzi.
EUnited States, uthungelwano lweekhamera ezikrelekrele zisanda kuvela, kwaye kukho ulwazi oluncinci okanye ukungafihli malunga nokusetyenziswa kwazo. Nangona kunjalo, siyazi ukuba ucupho belusetyenziswa kwimbali ukujolisa amaqela acinezelweyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iSebe lamaPolisa aseNew York lahlola amaSilamsi ngasese, i-FBI yasebenzisa inqwelomoya yokujonga abaqhankqalazi beBlack Lives Matter, kwaye i-US Customs and Border Protection yaqala ukwakha uphononongo lwevidiyo ephezulu.umda smartโ ngaphaya kwendawo ebekelwe iTohono Oโodham eArizona.
Ii-arhente zogcino-mthetho zibanga ukuba uthungelwano lweekhamera ezikrelekrele luza kunciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa ngexabiso elingakanani? Ukuba bekunokufakwa ikhamera kwigumbi ngalinye kwindlu nganye, ugonyamelo lwasekhaya lusenokuphela. Sinokongeza โizihluziโ ezizisebenzelayo ezirekhoda kuphela xa kufunyaniswe ingxolo enkulu, okanye xa kukho umntu obambe imela. Ngaba amapolisa kufuneka afake iikhamera ezikrelekrele ngaphakathi kwegumbi ngalinye lokuhlala?
Icandelo lezorhwebo ngokunjalo lilungelelanisa ukuqhubela phambili kobungxowankulu bokucupha kwindawo ebonakalayo. Abathengisi, abaqeshi kunye nabatyali-zimali bafuna ukusibeka phantsi kweliso elibukhali levidiyo ukuze basilawule โngobukrelekreleโ obubonakalayo.
Xa ebuzwa malunga nemfihlo, amasebe amakhulu amapolisa andixelele ukuba banelungelo lokubona kunye nokurekhoda yonke into oyenzayo nje ukuba ushiye ikhaya lakho. Abathengisi, bona, abayi kusondela ekubhengezweni esidlangalaleni: Bagcina iindlela zabo zokuhlalutya ividiyo. imfihlelo.
EUnited States, akukho โlindelo lufanelekileyoโ lokuba neemfihlo esidlangalaleni. ULungiso lweSine lubandakanya ikhaya kunye neendawo ezimbalwa zoluntu "esilindele ngokufanelekileyo" ukuba zibe ngasese, ezifana nefowuni. Phantse yonke enye into - izitrato zethu, iivenkile zethu, izikolo zethu - ngumdlalo olungileyo.
Nokuba imithetho ihlaziywa ukunqanda i ukusebenzisa yokucupha ividiyo, asinakuqinisekisa ukuba loo mithetho iya kuhlala ikhona. Ngamawaka eekhamera ze-high-res ezidityaniswe kunye, i-dystopian surveillance state kukucofa imouse kude. Ngokufaka iikhamera kuyo yonke indawo, sivula ibhokisi yePandora.
Ukujongana nezoyikiso zabucala zothungelwano lweekhamera ezikrelekrele, abezomthetho kufuneka bathintele uthungelwano lokucupha iplug-in kwaye bathintele umda weeCCTV ezinxibeleleneyo ngaphaya kwesiseko sesiza esinye. Kufuneka kwakhona banciphise ukuxinana kwekhamera kunye nesensom egqunywe eluntwini. La manyathelo anokuthi athintele amandla okulandelela abantu kwiindawo ezibanzi kwaye athintele into ehlala ijongwa.
Urhulumente kufuneka avale uhlalutyo lokucupha kwividiyo kwiindawo ezifikeleleka esidlangalaleni, mhlawumbi ngaphandle kweemeko ezinqabileyo ezifana nokufunyanwa kwemizimba kumzila kaloliwe. Ukuvalwa okulolo hlobo kuya kwenza kube lula ukuthunyelwa kweekhamera ezininzi kuba uhlalutyo lwevidiyo luyafuneka ukuhlalutya umthamo omkhulu wemifanekiso. Iinkundla kufuneka zingxamisekile cinga kwakhona umda wesiHlomelo seSine kunye nokwandisa wethu ilungelo lokuba neemfihlo esidlangalaleni.
Amasebe amapolisa, abathengisi, kunye nabaphandi kufuneka babhengeze kwaye bapapashe iiprojekthi zabo, kwaye bazibandakanye nezifundiswa, iintatheli kunye noluntu.
Kuyacaca ukuba sinengxaki emsebenzini. Kufuneka sidlulele ngaphaya kwencoko elinganiselweyo yokwamkelwa kobuso kwaye sijongane nehlabathi elibanzi lokucupha ividiyo, ngaphambi kokuba kube kade kakhulu.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela