Eli nqaku lihlanganiswe nguBob Burton (iCoalSwarm, e-Australia), uChristine Shearer (i-CoalSwarm, e-US), uCynthia Ong (LEAP, eMalaysia), uJamie Henn (350.org, US), uJohn Hepburn (iGreenpeace, e-Australia), uJoshua Frank ( I-CoalSwarm, i-US), u-Justin Guay (i-Sierra Club, e-US), i-Kate Hoshour (iProjekthi yokuPhendula kweHlabathi, i-US), u-Mark Wakeham (i-Environment Victoria, e-Australia), kunye no-Ted Nace (i-CoalSwarm, e-US)
E-United States naseYurophu, ukudodobala okuphindwe kathathu kokudodobala koqoqosho, ezinye iindlela ezingabizi mali ininzi, kunye nephulo elibukhali lokuchasa amalahle lincede ukumisa ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwamalahle ekhaya. Ukusukela ngo-2004 izicwangciso zokwakha ngaphezulu kwe-150 yezityalo zamalahle ziye zalahlwa. Enyanisweni, i-US Energy Information Administration (EIA), i-arhente karhulumente ehlalutya izibalo ezinxulumene namandla, iqikelela ukuqina okuqhubekayo okanye ukuhla kokuveliswa kombane wamalahle e-US kunye ne-European Union kule minyaka izayo.
Ejongene nokuchaswa kulawulo lwakhe lwexesha elide kwi-Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) amazwe, uKumkani Coal uye waphindaphinda amabhongo akhe kwenye indawo. Ngokoqikelelo luka-2010 yi-EIA, ukusetyenziswa kwamalahle kumazwe angeyo-OECD kuya kwanda nge-23 quadrillion BTUs phakathi kuka-2007 no-2020. Oko kuphantse kulingane necandelo lanamhlanje le-US yonke lemigodi yamalahle kunye necandelo lamandla okubaswa ngamalahle, okanye malunga newaka lamalahle- iijenereyitha ezicinyiweyo, nganye nganye engama-300 MW ngobukhulu, ichiza imichiza eyityhefu kwindawo esingqongileyo nakwimiphunga yoluntu oluyingqongileyo kunye nenani elilinganayo lezigidi zeetoni/ngonyaka zemigodi yamalahle.
Ngelixa i-China isokola nobukhulu bomthwalo wongcoliseko ophuma kusetyenziso lwayo lwamalahle olunkqenkqeza phambili ngonyaka, asiyiyo yodwa indawo yokwakhiwa kweplanti yamalahle kwixesha elizayo. Amatsha ntliziyo e-Indiya, umzekelo, anika ingxelo yokuba abalawuli banike ukukhanya okuluhlaza ubuncinane kwiiprojekthi zamalahle ezili-173 ngo-2010 โ phantse isityalo esinye yonke imihla. Kumazantsi-mpuma e-Asia, izinto ezinkulu zaseTshayina ezifana ne-China Huandian ziseka ivenkile ukuze zixhase ngemali kwaye zakha uthotho lwezityalo zamalahle ezitsha. Ngeli xesha, imigodi yamalahle emitsha iyacetywa e-Australia nase-Indonesia, kakhulu ukuba ithengiselwe kumazwe angaphandle. Amazwe asuka eMozambiki ukuya eMongolia, ebenesidingo esincinci sasekhaya samalahle, ngoku aboniswa njengabadlali abalandelayo abakhulu kugqatso lwamalahle ehlabathi.
Kwiindawo zokulima ezichumileyo ezixhasa abemi abaninzi basemaphandleni kuninzi lweAsia, ukwanda kwamalahle okutsha kuphembelela ungquzulwano lwamakhaya, njengoko amasimi ehluthwa, iilali ziyalelwa ukuba zipakishe zihambe, yaye uluntu luxhathisa. Kumbutho wamalahle wase-US, abantu abangama-2,500 abathe baqhankqalaza iCapitol Power Plant yayilinani elikhulu. EIndiya okanye eBangladesh, imingcelele kunye nemiboniso yabantu abangaphezu kwe-10,000 ayiqhelekanga.
Ingxelo ebalaseleyo yamazwe ngamazwe igxile kwisidingo sokwakha amanani amakhulu ezityalo zamalahle ezitsha kwihlabathi elisaphuhlayo ukukhuthaza inkqubela yezoqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, inkcazo yokuba uphuhliso lunokufezekiswa kuphela ngokwandisa okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kwamalahle kuhlangatyezwana noxhathiso okwandayo ngabo bacelwe ukuba bathwale owona mthwalo uyityhefu nowonakalisayo wolu lwando: abemi bengingqi abahlala kufutshane neeprojekthi zamalahle.
Abemi bengingqi bayaxhathisa uxinzelelo lwecandelo labucala kunye nelikarhulumente lokwandisa ngamandla amandla okubaswa ngamalahle kuba ezi projekthi azenzelwanga ukuba zixhamle. Ngelixa abantu basekuhlaleni bejongene nokufuduswa kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweendlela zabo zokuziphilisa, umbane uhlala uthunyelwa kumazwe asezidolophini. Uluntu lufuna imodeli ezinzileyo yophuhliso lwamandla ebeka phambili ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zamandla kubo bonke, ukuzinza kokusingqongileyo, kunye nempilo yabantu. Iinzame zabo zokumisa ukwakhiwa kwemizi-mveliso yamalahle zibabeke phambili kwaye baphambili kumzabalazo wombane kunye nophuhliso kwinkulungwane yama-21.
Ngaphambili, uninzi loluntu olusokolayo ukuthatha iiprojekthi ezingacingelwanga kakuhle luzenzele ubukhulu becala, kodwa oko kuyaqala ukutshintsha. Njengoko kubonisiwe kweminye yale mizekelo ilandelayo, imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe iyaqala ukuphuhlisa ukuzisa uluntu kunye nenkxaso kwiinzame zangaphambili.
1. ESabah, eMalaysia: NgoAprili, abantu abali-1,500 300 bahlanganisana kunxweme lwaseMalaysia ukuze bavuyele uloyiso olwalucingelwa ukuba lungenakwenzeka kwiminyaka emibini edluleyo: ukoyiswa komzi-mveliso wamalahle we-7,500 megawatt (MW) kwiphondo laseMalaysia iSabah, eliseMalaysia. kumntla-mpuma wesiqithi saseBorneo. Kwakhona kwakusenziwa imibhiyozo kumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-350 XNUMX, eKhalifoniya, phakathi kweqela lamatsha-ntliziyo awayencedise ekutsaleni umdla waloo mbandela ehlabathini lonkeโkuquka inqaku elinomxholo othi โIsityalo Samalahle EParadesiโ kwiphephancwadi iTime. Omnye wemibutho ephambili, eyakha umfelandawonye wee-NGOs zaseMalaysia, uluntu oluphantsi kunye neentshukumo zabemi, kunye nenkxaso evela e-US nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, yayiliqela laseMalaysia i-LEAP (Land Empowerment Animals People). Kunye ne-LEAP, umanyano lwaquka iWorld Wildlife Fund yaseMalaysia, iMalaysian Nature Society, Partners of Community Organisations Trust, kunye neSabah Environmental Protection Association. Phakathi kwabo banikezela ngenkxaso ye-overseas kwakukho i-XNUMX.org kunye ne-Mongabay, eyayisebenza ukupapasha le projekthi, kunye noProfesa Daniel Kammen we-UC Berkeley kunye neBhanki yehlabathi, owaququzelela uhlalutyo olubanzi lwamandla olucebisa iindlela ezicocekileyo zamandla kumandla ombane wamalahle eSabah.
2. IPhulbari, e-Bangladesh: Ngabantu abangaphezu kwe-164 lezigidi ababelana ngelizwe elilingana ne-Iowa, ukuxinana okuphezulu kwabemi base-Bangladesh kunye nomhlaba otyebileyo wezolimo kwenza imigodi yamalahle ibe sisicelo esitshabalalisayo. Kwilokishi yasePhulbari, abantu abamalunga nama-220,000 baza kugxothwa ngomgodi wamalahle ocetywayo wezigidi ezili-15 ngonyaka kunye nomzi-mveliso wamalahle ongama-500 MW. Inkcaso yabahlali yafikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngo-2006, xa imikhosi ye-paramilitary yadubula kwi-rally yoqhanqalazo lwabantu abaninzi njenge-70,000, yabulala abantu abathathu kwaye yenzakalisa i-200. Emva koku kufa, uqhanqalazo lwelizwe lonke kunye noqhanqalazo lwavala ilizwe iintsuku ezine. Zaye zafikelela esiphelweni kuphela xa urhulumente watyikitya isivumelwano sokuvala ukumbiwa kwemingxuma evulekileyo nokugxotha ngokusisigxina umxhasi weprojekthi oseLondon, iAsia Energy Corporation (ngoku eyiGlobal Coal Management Resources Plc okanye iGCM). Nangona abaqhankqalazi batshise i-ofisi yolwazi lweprojekthi yenkampani kwaye abasebenzi bayo banyanzeleka ukuba balibaleke ilizwe, iGCM sele ibuyile, ixhaswa ngusozimali ozinze eNew York uChristian Leone kunye nonozakuzaku waseMelika uJames Moriarty. Ngexesha loqhanqalazo lwakutsha nje, urhulumente usasaze i-Rapid Action Battalion yakhe, edume ngokungcungcuthekisa kunye nokufa kwabantu abaseluvalelweni. Ingcinezelo ayiphumelelanga. Ngo-Oktobha 2010, amashumi amawaka abantu ajoyina i-250 yeemayile ukusuka kwikomkhulu laseDhaka ukuya kwidolophu yasePhulbari. Umanyano oluchasa umgodi lukhule lwaquka amaqela asuka mbombo zone zoluntu lwase-Bangladesh, kunye namaqela amazwe ngamazwe. IProjekthi yokuThatha uXanduva yaMazwe ngaMazwe esekwe eSan Francisco ibandakanyeka ekulungelelaniseni inkxaso yaphesheya nokufikelela eluntwini.
3. IAndhra Pradesh, eIndiya: Lo mmandla ugudle unxweme olukwimpuma yeIndiya ujongene nokuchuma kolwakhiwo lweplanti yamalahle, kuquka i4,000 MW Krishnapatnam Ultra Mega Power Project, enye yeeprojekthi ezilithoba ezinkulu ezikucwangciso okanye ekusakhiwa kulo lonke ilizwe. (Ngokothelekiso, owona mzi-mveliso wamalahle mkhulu eUnited States, iPlant Scherer eGeorgia, yi-3,564 MW.) Abahlali baye bakuxhathisa ukubekwa kwezityalo ezinkulu kwizithili zolimo ezixineneyo nezinovakalelo ngokwendalo. Isityalo se-2,640 MW Sompeta esicetywayo yiNkampani yoKwakha yaseNagarjuna kunye ne-2,640 MW ye-Bhavanapadu plant ecetywayo yi-East Coast Energy zombini zibangele uqhanqalazo olukhulu olungenabundlongondlongo oluye lwaphela kuhlaselo lwamapolisa, kubandakanywa ukufa okune kwabahlali basekuhlaleni. Ukulandela ukubhengezwa kwesenzo samapolisa kumabonakude waseIndiya, uphando luveze indlela โyongxowankulu abaqhathayoโ phakathi kwee-arhente ezivumelayo kunye nabaxhasi bamashishini. Ukususela ngoMeyi ka-2011, iplanti ye-Sompeta yayicinyiwe kwaye i-Bhavanapadu ibanjwe ngamagosa, kunye nophando lorhwaphilizo. Nangona kunjalo, umxhasi weSompeta, iNagarjuna Construction, ngoku uqalisa isityalo se-1320 MW kwenye indawo eAndhra Pradesh.
4. I-Dawei, Burma: E-Dawei, kunxweme oluhle losingasiqithi osemazantsi eBurma, i-Italian-Thai Development Plc yatyikitya isivumelwano ngoNovemba ka-2010 sokwakha umzi-mveliso wamalahle we-4,000โ6,000 MW, esona sikhulu kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia kwaye kunokwenzeka nakwihlabathi jikelele. Kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa emva kokutyobela, iidolophana ezili-19 zazifumene umyalelo wokuba zifuduke. I-Dawei ikwiimayile ezilishumi ukusuka eMaungmagan, ulwandle olubukekayo kunye nesithili esityebileyo sokuloba. IBurma lilizwe elilawulayo apho ukufuduswa komhlaba kwenzeka ngomyalelo kwaye ubutshantliziyo buthwele umngcipheko omkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwengcinezelo, amanyathelo asebenzayo aye asebenza, njengango-2001 xa abantu belali kwidolophu yaseTachilek baququzelela uqhanqalazo kwaye bavala iilori ezihambisa izixhobo zokwakha, nto leyo eyanyanzelisa ukuba kucinywe umzi-mveliso wamalahle waseGolden Triangle.
5. IPhondo laseNakhon Si Thammarat, eThailand: Ngomhla wama-24 kaFebruwari, 2011, abantu abayi-10,000 benza ikhonkco labantu kwiPhondo laseNakhon Si Thammarat eThailand beqhankqalaza iziko lombane elibaswa ngamalahle elicwangciswe nguGunyaziwe woKuvelisa uMbane waseThailand. Olu qhankqalazo lulandele ishumi leminyaka lokuququzelela kunye noqhanqalazo lwe-Eastern People's Network lugxile kwidolophu engaselunxwemeni yaseThailand iRayong. Uqhanqalazo lwalibazisa ukusebenza kwepaki yemizi-mveliso yeMap Ta Phut enkulu, kubandakanywa umzi-mveliso wamalahle we-1,400 MW.
6. UNxweme lwaseKonkan lwaseMaharashtra, eIndiya: Likhaya kubantu abazizigidi ezili-112, eli lizwe likwintshona yeIndiya lakha izityalo ezinkulu zamalahle kumhlaba omncinane osemazantsi eMumbai owaziwa ngokuba yiKonkan Coast (ebizwa ngokuba โyiKhalifoniya yaseMaharashtraโ ). Ukuya kuma-35,000 ukuya kuma-50,000 MW omthamo wokuvelisa ukwibhodi yokuzoba. Exhalabile kungcoliseko kunye nokufuduswa okubandakanya izindululo ezinkulu, amafama ajolise kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu. Enye yezi yi-4,000 MW Girye Ultra Mega Power Project, apho amafama emango kunye nabanye baye benza imingcelele, uqhankqalazo lwendlala, kunye namanye amanyathelo angenabundlobongela ukuvakalisa inkcaso yabo. Bayinyanzela ngempumelelo iprojekthi ukuba ifune indawo entsha njengoko uqhanqalazo lwaluthintela urhulumente ekufumaneni umhlaba ofunekayo. Ezinye iiprojekthi ezijongene noxhathiso ekuhlaleni ziquka i-1,000 MW isikhululo sombane saseMaida kunye ne-1,200 โ 1,800 MW Shahapur Thermal Power Project.
7. IOrissa, yaseIndiya: Kweli lizwe likunxweme olusempuma yeIndiya, umlinganiselo wokukhula kwezityalo zamalahle uyakhwankqisa. Kangangeeprojekthi ezingama-58,000 ze-MW zisemisebenzini, kubandakanywa amaziko amalahle amathathu e-1,800 MW aphantsi kophuhliso yi-KSK Energy Ventures, kunye neProjekthi ye-4,000 MW Sundargarh Ultra Mega Power Project ecetywayo yiNational Thermal Power Corporation. I-Ranjan Panda ye-Water Initiatives u-Odisha uthi eli nqanaba lophuhliso lwamalahle liza kufuna ubuncinci be-2,297 yezigidi ze-cubic meter yamanzi ngonyaka, okwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yamanzi asekhaya abantu abasondeleyo kwi-210 yezigidi okanye ezintandathu ubukhulu be-Orissa. Ngo-Matshi, abaphembeleli abavela kulo lonke elaseIndiya bahlanganisana e-Orissa kwindibano yelizwe ukucwangcisa impendulo kwi-boom yamalahle, kunye nemiba enxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukuhlanganiswa kubandakanya i-National Alliance for People's Movements, Focus Odisha, kunye namanye amaqela amaninzi.
8. IMadhya Pradesh, eIndiya: Ukususela ngowe-1977, xa iBhanki yehlabathi ixhasa ngemali isityalo sokuqala esibaselwe ngamalahle kulo mmandla, isithili saseSingrauli salo mmandla kumbindi weIndiya siye sadume kakubi ngophuhliso lwezihlangu ezirhabaxa kunye nokufuduswa kwabantu. Ngoku kwakhiwa okanye kucetywa ukwenziwa kwezityalo zamalahle. Ziquka iProjekthi yoMbane weChitrangi oyi-3,960 MW, i-3,960 ye-Sasan Ultra Mega Power Project (ebandakanya phantse ibhiliyoni e-1 yenkxaso-mali evela kwiBhanki yokuThumela ngaphandle kwe-US), iProjekthi ye-1,200 MW Mahan Super Thermal Power, iProjekthi yaMandla oMbane wama-750 MW eHindalco, i-1,320 I-MW Nigrie Thermal Power Project, i-2,690 DB Power (MP) Limited Project, kunye neProjekthi ye-Vindhyachal Stage-4, eza kongeza i-1,000 MW eyongezelelweyo kwisikhululo sombane esikhoyo sama-3,260 MW. Ukuxinana kokuveliswa kombane kummandla wezolimo kushiye uluntu lwasekuhlaleni luthe xibilili. Iprojekthi yeSasan Ultra Mega Power, umzekelo, isuse abantu abayi-6,000. Indoda enye iyaxhamla: UMukesh Ambani, umnini olawulayo weReliance Power esekwe eIndiya, oxelwe ukuba unexabiso le-27 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kumenza abe ngomnye wabantu abahlanu abazizityebi emhlabeni.
9. IQueensland neNew South Wales, eOstreliya: Ngokwesiseko seetoni, iOstreliya sele inkqenkqeza phambili ehlabathini ngokuthumela amalahle kwamanye amazwe, kwaye olo khokelo lunokwanda kakhulu ukuba imigodi emininzi emikhulu iyavunyelwa ukuba iqhubele phambili kumazwe anemigodi yamalahle asempuma eQueensland naseNew South. Wales. IOstreliya iphantsi โkongxamiseko lwamalahleโ ngeeprojekthi ezingaphezulu kwe-100 okanye ukwandiswa kocwangciso, kubandakanywa nenani leeprojekthi ezinkulu ezinje nge-60 yezigidi zeetoni/ngonyaka umgodi weCarmichael owenziwa yi-Adani Group esekwe eIndiya, kunye ne-30 yezigidi zeetoni/ unyaka China Umgodi wokuqala ucetywe ngusozigidi uClive Palmer. Amafama kunye nabafuyi bazilwela ngeenzame ezimanyeneyo zokukhusela imihlaba etyebileyo yezolimo kunye nobutyebi bamanzi axabisekileyo kwimisebenzi yemigodi. Abagcini bendalo bacela umngeni kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ezinkundleni kwaye baye benza inyathelo elimibalabala elithe ngqo, elifana nokuvalwa kwezibuko laseNewcastle.
10. IVictoria, eOstreliya: Ngoxa amalahle akumgangatho ophantsi kweli lizwe lakumzantsi-mpuma weOstreliya engafanelanga ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, anikela ngama-91 ekhulwini amafutha asetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane eVictoria. Kunyaka ophelileyo, i-Environment Victoria kunye namanye amaqela asondele ekuvaleni iSikhululo saMandla seHazelwood esigugileyo, esesibini ngowona mthombo mkhulu wokungcoliseka kwekhabhoni elizweni, emva kwezibophelelo zeNkulumbuso uJohn Brumby zokuqalisa umhlala-phantsi ngokwezigaba. Ukuphumelela okuncinci kweqela le-Liberal-National ngoNovemba 2010 kwadambisa ithemba lezenzo ezikufutshane kwisityalo esivela kuRhulumente kaRhulumente, nangona uRhulumente we-Federal ngoku uhlola ukudibanisa ukuvalwa kwesityalo kwixabiso lekhabhoni. Ingqwalasela yobutshantliziyo iye yatshintshela ekuthinteleni ulwakhiwo lweSikhululo saMandla seGesi eNxaxheba esicetywayo, esinokutshisa indibaniselwano yamalahle amdaka kunye negesi yendalo.
11. IKholombiya: Omnye weyona mizekelo midala yabemi abasebenza ngaphaya kwemida yelizwe kwimiba yamalahle yimanyano yamalungelo oluntu nemibutho yabasebenzi eye yazisa ingqalelo kwimigodi emikhulu yaseColombia, efana ne-35-by-5-mile ye-Cerrejรณn yamalahle. yam, eqhutywa yiCerrejรณn Coal Company, kunye nemigodi eqhutywa yiDrummond. Ukwanda kwezi migodi kuye kwaphawulwa lugonyamelo lwamajoni, amanani aphakamileyo abantu abafa kwiingozi zemigodi, nokugxothwa kwabantu basekuhlaleni, kuquka iTabaco, ilali yaseAfro-Colombia enabantu abangama-700 eyatshatyalaliswa ngowama-2001. Abantu base-Kentucki be-Commonwealth ukuba batyelele imigodi, kunye nabantu abakufutshane neSikhululo saMandla saseSalem eMassachusetts, esisebenzisa amalahle asuka eColombia.
12. Iphondo laseSarangani, kwiiPhilippines. KwiiPhilippines, uqhanqalazo oluchasene nezityalo ezintsha zamalahle kunye nemigodi yamalahle evulekileyo lwenzekile kwilizwe lonke. Kwidolophu engaselunxwemeni yaseMaasim kwisiqithi esisemazantsi eMindanao, abalobi basekuhlaleni baququzelela iflotilla yezikhephe eziphuma ngaphandle ngoNovemba ka-2010 bekhalazela isikhululo sombane seKamanga esicetywayo sama-200 MW, ngelixa abantu abangama-800 benza ibhena yomntu epela โHayi kumalahleโ amabala esikolo samabanga aphantsi sasekuhlaleni. Abaxhasi bale migudu babequka icawa yasekuhlaleni yamaKatolika, iinkokeli zamaqela abantu bomthonyama, abantu abasuka kumazwe angaphandle kunye neGreenpeace. Kumboniso owahlukileyo, abafundi beYunivesithi yaseMindanao State abanxibe njengeNa'vi evela kwifilimu iAvatar bamatsha kwindawo ebiyelweyo yesiza esicetywayo sesityalo. Ngo-Epreli 2011, iphondo laseMzantsi Cotabato, kwakhona e-Mindanao, lamkele ummiselo oza kuthintela umgodi ovulekileyo kummandla.
Njengoko uxhathiso lwengca lukhula kumazwe kwihlabathi liphela, intshukumo entsha, edibeneyo, echasene namalahle yehlabathi iyavela. Kwihlabathi elandayo lehlabathi, amaphulo alapha ekhaya anokufikelela ngokukhawuleza kubaphulaphuli behlabathi kwaye acofe kuthungelwano lwenkxaso obelungakhange lucingelwe ngaphambili. Ngelixa abathathi-nxaxheba kulo mbutho mtsha behlukene, ezinye iipatheni ziya zicaca gca: ubutshantliziyo obuzinzileyo nobunomdla kuluntu lucela umngeni kwingcamango yokuba amafutha efosili kuphela kwenketho. Oorhulumente abaninzi baye bazirhoxisa izicwangciso zabo ngenxa yengcinezelo yezopolitiko okanye amanyathelo asemthethweni. Ezinye iibhanki, abatyali-mali, kunye neenkampani zamandla zikhula zilumkela ngakumbi ukuxhasa amalahle.
Kodwa kuse early kakhulu ukuba singabhala i-obituary kaKumkani amalahle. Ishishini ngoku lizama ukuzisonga ngengubo โyophuhliso,โ lithethelela iiprojekthi zamandla amdaka egameni lokubonelela ngofikelelo lwamandla kwamanye amazwe ahlwempuzekileyo kwezoqoqosho. Ngelixa iiprojekthi zamalahle ezininzi ziye zadibana nenkcaso emandla, ezinye ezininzi kakhulu ziyaqhubeka ngaphandle komngeni.
Ukanti abo baqhubela phambili iiprojekthi zamalahle baya bebonwa ngendlela efanayo nabaphathi beshishini lecuba. Njengecuba, amalahle afaka indlela yawo ebomini bethu enikezela amandla aphantsi, exeshana elifutshane, kodwa eshiya incasa yexesha elide: imilambo nemihlaba eyonakeleyo, ubomi bonakele kwaye bunqunyulwa bufutshane, uluntu olulahliweyo, kunye nokungcoliseka okukhulayo kunye nokungenakukwazi ukuphila. umoya.
Sidinga ezinye iindlela zombane ezicocekileyo, hayi ukuqhubeka kwamandla amdaka atshabalalisa impilo yabantu, ubomi, kunye nezibonelelo. Ngaba uya kujoyina intshukumo ekhulayo yehlabathi ukuba umke kumalahle?
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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