I-trove evuzayo yeefayile eziyimfihlo iveze ibali langaphakathi lendlela i-tech giant Uber imithetho ejongelwa phantsi, amapolisa aqhathiweyo, axhaphaza abaqhubi ngogonyamelo yaye aphembelela ngokufihlakeleyo oorhulumente ngexesha lokwanda kogonyamelo kwehlabathi.
Ukuvuza okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili kuMgcini wamaxwebhu angaphezulu kwe-124,000 - aziwa ngokuba ziifayile zika-Uber - kubeka elubala izenzo ezithandabuzekayo ezithe zaphembelela inguqu yenkampani ibe yenye yezona zinto zidumileyo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eSilicon Valley.
Ukuvuza kuthatha ixesha leminyaka emihlanu xa i-Uber yayiqhutywa ngumseki wayo Travis Kalanick, owazama ukunyanzelisa inkonzo yokukhwela iikhebhi kwizixeko zehlabathi, nokuba oko kwakuthetha ukwaphulwa kwemithetho nemigaqo yeeteksi.
Ngexesha lokubuyela umva kwehlabathi, idatha ibonisa indlela u-Uber azame ngayo ukuxhasa inkxaso ngokuchulumancisa iinkulumbuso, abongameli, oosozigidi bezigidi, ii-oligarchs kunye ne-media barons.
Imiyalezo echithiweyo icebisa ukuba abaphathi bakwa-Uber ngaxeshanye babengekho phantsi kwenkohliso malunga nokophula umthetho wale nkampani, omnye ophetheyo eqhula esithi โbangabaphangiโ waza omnye wavuma wathi: โSidlala ngokungekho mthethweni.โ
NgoMvulo, uMark MacGann, owayesakuba ngummeli oyintloko ka-Uber eYurophu, kuMbindi Mpuma naseAfrika, weza ngaphambili ukuze azichaze njengomthombo wedatha evuzayo. โNgumsebenzi wam ukuthetha kwaye ndincede oorhulumente kunye namapalamente alungise izinto ezingalunganga,โ utshilo. โNgokuziphatha, ndandingenakhetho kulo mbandela.โ
I-cache yeefayile, ezithatha i-2013 ukuya kwi-2017, iquka ngaphezu kwee-imeyile ze-83,000, i-iMessages kunye nemiyalezo ye-WhatsApp, kubandakanywa rhoqo unxibelelwano olunyanisekileyo nolungabonakaliyo phakathi kukaKalanick kunye neqela lakhe eliphezulu labaphathi.
Ngolunye utshintshiselwano, uKalanick wagxotha iinkxalabo zabanye abaphathi abathumela abaqhubi be-Uber kuqhanqalazo Fransi ibabeke emngciphekweni wobundlobongela obuvela kubachasi abanomsindo kushishino lweeteksi. โNdicinga ukuba kufanelekile,โ waphendula watsho. "Ubundlobongela buqinisekisa impumelelo."
Kwintetho, Isithethi sikaKalanick sathi "akazange acebise ukuba u-Uber kufuneka athathe ithuba lobundlobongela ngeendleko zokhuseleko lwabaqhubi" kwaye nayiphi na ingcebiso ebandakanyekayo kulo msebenzi iya kuba bubuxoki ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuvuza kukwanemibhalo phakathi kweKalanick kunye UEmanuel Macron, owanceda ngokufihlakeleyo inkampani yaseFransi xa wayengumphathiswa wezoqoqosho, evumela u-Uber ukuba afikelele rhoqo kwaye afikelele ngokuthe ngqo kuye nabasebenzi bakhe.
UMacron, umongameli waseFransi, kubonakala ngathi uye waya kubude obumangalisayo ukunceda u-Uber, wade waxelela nenkampani ukuba wenze isivumelwano esiyimfihlo kunye nabachasi bakhe kwikhabhinethi yaseFransi.
Ngokwabucala, abaphathi baka-Uber babonakalise ukudelela amanye amagosa anyuliweyo awayengawamkeli kangako umfuziselo weshishini wenkampani.
Emva kokuba ingqonyela yaseJamani, u-Olaf Scholz, owayengusodolophu waseHamburg ngelo xesha, watyhalela umva ngokuchasene nabalandeli baka-Uber kwaye wanyanzelisa ukuba kuhlawulwe abaqhubi umvuzo omncinci, isigqeba saxelela oogxa bakhe ukuba "ungumdlalo ohlekisayo".
Xa owayesakuba ngusekela-mongameli waseMelika ngelo xesha, uJoe Biden, owayengumxhasi ka-Uber ngelo xesha, wayefike emva kwexesha kwintlanganiso nenkampani kwiWorld Economic Forum eDavos, uKalanick wabhalela omnye asebenza naye umyalezo: โNdiye ndabaxelela abantu bam. ukuba umzuzu ngamnye ufika emva kwexesha, ngumzuzu omnye omncinci uya kuba nam. "
Emva kokudibana noKalanick, uBiden kubonakala ngathi uyilungisile intetho yakhe ebeyilungisile eDavos ukuba abhekisele kwi-CEO enenkampani eya kunika izigidi zabasebenzi "inkululeko yokusebenza iiyure ezininzi njengoko benqwenela, balawule ubomi babo njengoko benqwenela".
I-Guardian ikhokele kuphando lwehlabathi kwiifayile zika-Uber ezivuzayo, isabelana ngedatha nemibutho yeendaba kwihlabathi jikelele ngokusebenzisa I-Consortium yeHlabathi yeNtatheli zoPhando (ICIJ). Ngaphezulu kweentatheli ze-180 kwiindawo zeendaba ze-40 ezibandakanya i-Le Monde, i-Washington Post kunye ne-BBC iya kuthi kwiintsuku ezizayo zipapashe uluhlu lweengxelo zophando malunga ne-tech giant.
Kwi Ingxelo ephendula ukuvuza, Uber wavuma ukuba "iimpazamo kunye neempazamo", kodwa wathi utshintshile ukususela ngo-2017 phantsi kobunkokeli bomphathi wayo oyintloko, uDara Khosrowshahi.
โAsinazo kwaye asizukuzithethelela ngokuziphatha kwexesha elidlulileyo ngokucacileyo ezingahambelani nemilinganiselo yethu yangoku,โ yatsho. โNdaweni yoko, sicela uluntu ukuba lusigwebe ngezinto esizenzileyo kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo kunye nento esiza kuyenza kwiminyaka ezayo.โ
Isithethi sikaKalanick sithe amaphulo okwandisa ka-Uber โayekhokelwa ziinkokeli ezingaphezu kwekhulu kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ngamaxesha onke phantsi kweliso elithe ngqo kunye nokuvunywa ngokupheleleyo kwamaqela asemthethweni, umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwe-Uber.
'Yamkela isiphithiphithi'
Amaxwebhu avuzayo atsalela umva iikhethini kwiindlela ezisetyenziswa ngu-Uber ukubeka iziseko zobukumkani bakhe. Elinye lawona maqonga emisebenzi makhulu emhlabeni, u-Uber ngoku yinkampani exabisa i-$43bn (ยฃ36bn), eyenza uhambo olumalunga ne-19m ngosuku.
Iifayile zigubungela imisebenzi ka-Uber kumazwe angama-40 ngexesha apho inkampani yaba yibhemoth yehlabathi, isenza inkonzo yayo yokukhwela ihabhu kwizixeko ezininzi esasebenza kuzo nanamhlanje.
Ukusuka eMoscow ukuya eRhawutini, ebhankini ngenkxaso-mali eyinkunzi yemali engazange ibonwe ngaphambili, u-Uber uxhase uhambo oluphezulu, elukuhla abaqhubi nabakhweli kwi-app ngenkuthazo kunye neemodeli zamaxabiso ezingayi kuzinza.
U-Uber uye wacutha iimarike zeeteksi kunye neekhabhi kwaye wabeka uxinzelelo koorhulumente ukuba baphinde babhale imithetho ukuze bancede bavule indlela ye-app-based, imodeli yegig-economy yomsebenzi othe wanda kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ngelinge lokuphelisa umqolo oqatha ngokuchasene nenkampani kwaye uphumelele utshintsho kwimithetho yeeteksi kunye nemithetho yezabasebenzi, u-Uber ucwangcise ukuchitha i-90m engaqhelekanga yeedola ngo-2016 ekuphembeleleni kunye nobudlelwane noluntu, uxwebhu lucebisa.
Iqhinga layo lalidla ngokubandakanya ukuhamba phezu kweentloko zoosodolophu nabaphathi bezothutho ukuya ngqo kwiziko lamagunya.
Ukongeza kokudibana noBiden eDavos, abaphathi be-Uber badibana ubuso ngobuso noMacron, inkulumbuso yase-Ireland, u-Enda Kenny, inkulumbuso yakwa-Israeli, uBenjamin Netanyahu, kunye noGeorge Osborne, uChansela wase-UK ngelo xesha. Inqaku elivela kwintlanganiso libonise u-Osborne โnjengegqwetha elinamandlaโ.
Kwisiteyitimenti, u-Osborne uthe yayingumgaqo-nkqubo ocacileyo karhulumente ngelo xesha ukudibana neefemu zetekhnoloji zehlabathi kwaye "zibacenga ukuba batyale imali eBritane, kwaye zidale imisebenzi apha".
Ngelixa ukuhlala kwe-Davos kunye no-Osborne kwabhengezwa, idatha ityhila ukuba abaphathiswa abathandathu bekhabhinethi yase-UK Tory babeneentlanganiso kunye no-Uber ezingazange zibhengezwe. Akukacaci ukuba iintlanganiso bekufanele ukuba zibhengezwe, zibhengeza ukubhideka malunga nendlela esetyenziswa ngayo imithetho yase-UK.
Amaxwebhu abonisa ukuba u-Uber wayenobuchule bokufumana iindlela ezingekho semthethweni eziya emagunyeni, esebenzisa impembelelo ngabahlobo okanye abameli, okanye efuna ukudibana nabezopolitiko apho abancedisi namagosa babengekho.
Ibhalise inkxaso yamanani anamandla kwiindawo ezinje ngeRussia, i-Italiya neJamani ngokubabonelela ngexabiso lemali ekuqaliseni kwaye ibaguqule babe โngabatyali-mali abanobuchuleโ.
Kwaye kwilinge lokubumba iingxoxo zomgaqo-nkqubo, yahlawula izifundiswa ezidumileyo amakhulu amawaka eedola ukuvelisa uphando oluxhasa amabango enkampani malunga neenzuzo zemodeli yayo yezoqoqosho.
Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokuphembelela exhaswa ngemali kakuhle kunye nenja, iinzame zika-Uber zibe neziphumo ezixubeneyo. Kwezinye iindawo u-Uber uye waphumelela ukweyisela oorhulumente ukuba baphinde babhale imithetho, ibe neziphumo ezingapheliyo. Kodwa kwenye indawo, inkampani yazifumana ivaliwe ngamashishini eeteksi asele eqinile, yoyiswa ngabakhweli basekuhlaleni okanye ichaswa ngoosopolitiki abashiyekileyo abangavumiyo ukurhoxa.
Xa ejongene nenkcaso, u-Uber wazama ukuyijika ibe yinzuzo yayo, ebambelele kuyo ukuze aqhubele phambili ibali lobuchwephesha bakhe buphazamisa iinkqubo zezothutho zakudala, kwaye ebongoza oorhulumente ukuba baguqule imithetho yabo.
Njengoko i-Uber isungulwe kulo lonke elase-Indiya, i-Kalanick ephezulu e-Asia yakhuthaza abaphathi ukuba bagxininise ekukhuleni kokuqhuba, nangona "umlilo uqala ukuvutha". โYazi ukuba le yinxalenye eqhelekileyo yeshishini lika-Uber,โ watsho. โYamkela isiphithiphithi. Kuthetha ukuba wenza into enentsingiselo.โ
U-Kalanick wabonakala ebeka loo mithetho ngoJanuwari 2016, xa iinzame zika-Uber zokunyusa iimarike zaseYurophu zakhokelela kuqhanqalazo olunomsindo eBelgium, eSpain, eItali naseFransi kubaqhubi beeteksi aboyika indlela yabo yokuphila.
Phakathi koqhanqalazo lweeteksi kunye nodushe eParis, uKalanick wayalela abaphathi baseFransi ukuba baphindezele ngokukhuthaza abaqhubi baka-Uber ukuba benze uqhanqalazo oluchasene nokungathobeli kwabantu abaninzi.
Ulumkise ukuba ukwenza oko kubeka abaqhubi baka-Uber emngciphekweni wokuhlaselwa "abagqwesileyo basekunene" abangene kuqhanqalazo lweeteksi kwaye "besonakalisa umlo", uKalanick ubonakale ebongoza iqela lakhe ukuba liqhubele phambili nokuba lingakanani na. โNdicinga ukuba kufanelekile,โ watsho. โUbundlobongela buqinisekisa impumelelo. Kwaye aba bafana kufuneka baxhathise, akunjalo? Kuyavunywa ukuba indawo kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo kufuneka licingwe. โ
Isigqibo sokuthumela abaqhubi baka-Uber kuqhanqalazo olunokuba noguquguqukayo, ngaphandle kwemingcipheko, sasingqinelana noko omnye owayesakuba ngumphathi omkhulu wakuxelela uMgcini-nkqubo yayiliqhinga โlokusebenzisa izixhoboโ abaqhubi, kunye nokusebenzisa ubundlobongela ngakubo ukuze โbagcine impikiswano ivuthaโ.
Yayiyincwadi yokudlala ethi, ii-imeyile ezivuzayo zicebisa, zaphindwa e-Itali, eBelgium, eSpain, eSwitzerland naseNetherlands.
Xa amadoda azigqubutheleyo, axelwe ukuba angabaqhubi beeteksi abanomsindo, ajika abaqhubi baka-Uber ngeziduli zeknuckle kunye nehamile eAmsterdam ngoMatshi ka-2015, abasebenzi bakwa-Uber bafuna ukuyijika ibe yinzuzo yabo ukuze bafumane imvume kurhulumente waseDatshi.
Amaxhoba omqhubi akhuthazwa ukuba afake iingxelo zamapolisa, ezabelwana ngazo kunye noDe Telegraaf, iphephandaba elihamba phambili lemihla ngemihla laseDatshi. "Ziya kupapashwa ngaphandle kweminwe yethu kwiphepha lokuqala ngomso", omnye umphathi wabhala. "Sigcina ibali lobundlobongela liqhubeka iintsuku ezimbalwa, ngaphambi kokuba sinikeze isisombululo."
Isithethi sikaKalanick sabuza ubunyani bamanye amaxwebhu. Uthe uKalanick "akazange acebise ukuba u-Uber makathathe ithuba lobundlobongela ngeendleko zokhuseleko lwabaqhubi" kwaye nayiphi na ingcebiso yokuba wayebandakanyeka kumdlalo onjalo "bubuvuvu ngokupheleleyo".
Isithethi sika-Uber sikwavumile iimpazamo ezidlulileyo kwinkampani yokuphatha abaqhubi kodwa wathi akukho mntu, kuquka noKalanick, ofuna ubundlobongela obujoliswe kubaqhubi bakwa-Uber. โKuninzi obesakuba yi-CEO yethu ethe malunga neshumi leminyaka eyadlulayo ebesingenakuyixolela namhlanje,โ utshilo. Kodwa inye into esiyaziyo nesiziva ngamandla ngayo kukuba akukho mntu kwa-Uber owakhe wonwaba ngobundlobongela obujoliswe kumqhubi.
I 'kill switch'
Abaqhubi baka-Uber ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo bebengamaxhoba ohlaselo olukhohlakeleyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha babulawe ngabaqhubi beeteksi abanomsindo. Kwaye i-app ye-cab-hailing app, kwamanye amazwe, yazifumana isilwa neenqwelo zeeteksi ezizimeleyo kunye nobudlelwane obuhle kunye nabaphathi besixeko. U-Uber wayesoloko echaza abachasi bakhe kwiimarike zeteksi ezilawulwayo njengabasebenzisa โi-cartelโ.
Nangona kunjalo, ngasese, abaphathi kunye nabasebenzi baka-Uber babonakala bethandabuza kancinci malunga nemeko ehlala ikhohlakele yokusebenza kwabo.
Kwii-imeyile zangaphakathi, abasebenzi babhekisa ku-Uber โngaphandle kwewonga elisemthethweniโ, okanye ezinye iindlela zokungathobeli imigaqo, kumazwe aquka iTurkey, uMzantsi Afrika, iSpain, iRiphabliki yaseCzech, iSweden, iFransi, iJamani, neRashiya.
Omnye umphathi ophezulu wabhala kwi-imeyile: "Asikho mthethweni kumazwe amaninzi, kufuneka sikuphephe ukwenza ingxelo echasayo." Ethetha ngamaqhinga inkampani eyayilungele ukuwasebenzisa "ukunqanda ukunyanzeliswa", omnye umphathi ubhale wathi: "Sibe ngabaphangi ngokusemthethweni."
UNairi Hourdajian, intloko ka-Uber kwezonxibelelwano lwehlabathi, uyibeke ngokuthe gca ngakumbi kumyalezo oya komnye umntu asebenza naye ngo-2014, phakathi kweenzame zokuvala inkampani eThailand naseIndiya: โNgamanye amaxesha siba neengxaki kuba, ke, senza nje ngokungekho semthethweni. .โ Eqhagamshelwana ne-Guardian, uHourdajian unqabile ukuphawula.
Isithethi sikaKalanick watyhola iintatheli โngokucinezela i-ajenda yayo yobuxokiโ yokuba โuyalele ukuziphatha okungekho mthethweni okanye okungafanelekangaโ.
Isithethi sika-Uber sathi, xa yaqalayo, "imithetho yokukhwela ibingekho naphina emhlabeni" kwaye imithetho yezothutho yayiphelelwe lixesha kwixesha le-smartphone.
Kwihlabathi liphela, amapolisa, amagosa ezothutho kunye nee-arhente zolawulo ziye zazama ukucinezela u-Uber. Kwezinye izixeko, amagosa aye akhuphela i-app kwaye encoma ukukhwela ukuze akwazi ukukhawulelana nohambo lweeteksi ezingenampepha-mvume, bahlawulise abaqhubi baka-Uber kwaye bavalele iimoto zabo. Iiofisi zika-Uber kumazwe aliqela bezigqogqa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngabasemagunyeni.
Ngokuchasene nale mvelaphi, u-Uber wenze iindlela ezintsonkothileyo zokuthintela ukuthotyelwa komthetho. Omnye wayesaziwa ngaphakathi ku-Uber njenge "switch yokubulala". Xa i-ofisi ka-Uber yayigqogqwa, abaphathi benkampani bathumela imiyalelo kubasebenzi be-IT ukuba banqande ukufikelela kwiinkqubo eziphambili zedatha yenkampani, bethintela abasemagunyeni ekuqokeleleni ubungqina.
Iifayile ezivuzayo zicebisa ukuba obu buchule, busayinwe ngamagqwetha ka-Uber, busetyenziswe ubuncinci amaxesha ali-12 ngexesha logqogqo eFransi, eNetherlands, eBelgium, eIndiya, eHungary naseRomania.
Isithethi sikaKalanick sathi ezi ndlela zokuziphatha โzokubulalaโ ziyindlela eqhelekileyo yoshishino kwaye ayenzelwanga ukuphazamisa ubulungisa. Uthe iiprothokholi, ezingazange ziyicime idatha, zavavanywa kwaye zamkelwa lisebe lezomthetho lika-Uber, kwaye owayesakuba yi-CEO ka-Uber akazange abekwe tyala ngokuphathelene nokuthintela ubulungisa okanye ityala elinxulumene noko.
Isithethi sika-Uber sathi isoftware yayo yokubulala โayifanelanga ukuba isetyenziselwe ukuthintela isenzo esisemthethweni solawuloโ kwaye wayeka ukusebenzisa inkqubo ngo-2017, xa uKhosrowshahi wathatha indawo kaKalanick njenge-CEO.
Omnye umphathi weefayile ezivuzayo ezibonisa ukuba wayebandakanyeka kwiiprotocol zokubulala uPierre-Dimitri Gore-Coty, owayeqhuba imisebenzi ka-Uber entshona Yurophu. Ngoku uqhuba i-Uber Eats, kwaye uhleli kwiqela labaphathi benkampani abali-11.
U-Gore-Coty uthe kwisiteyitimenti uyazisola "ngamanye amaqhinga asetyenzisiweyo ukufumana uhlaziyo lolawulo lokukhwela kwi-ridesharing kwiintsuku zokuqala". Ekhangela emva, wathi: โNdandiselula yaye ndingenamava yaye ngokufuthi ndandifumana ulwalathiso kubaphathi abanemilinganiselo ethandabuzekayo.โ
Abezopolitiko ngoku bajongene nemibuzo malunga nokuba bathathe umkhombandlela kubaphathi baka-Uber.
Xa igosa lamapolisa laseFransi ngo-2015 labonakala livala enye yeenkonzo zika-Uber eMarseille, iMacGann, i-lobbyist eyintloko ye-Uber eYurophu, kuMbindi Mpuma nase-Afrika, yaphendukela kumlingane ka-Uber kwikhabhinethi yaseFransi.
"Ndiza kujonga le nto," utshilo uMacron. โOkwangoku, masihlale sizolile.โ
Ingxelo yeefayile zika-Uber: uHarry Davies, uSimon Goodley, uFelicity Lawrence, uPaul Lewis, uLisa O'Carroll, uJohn Collingridge, uJohana Bhuiyan, uSam Cutler, uRob Davies, uStephanie Kirchgaessner, uJennifer Rankin, uJon Henley, uRowena Mason, uAndrew Roth, uPamela Duncan , UDan Milmo, uMike Safi, uDavid Pegg kunye noBen Butler.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela