Umthombo: FAIR
Emva komdlalo isaqhwithi yeCapitol kwiveki ephelileyo, iinkampani ezinkulu zeendaba, kubandakanya Facebook, Reddit, Twilley, ukudideka, YouTube, ngene, Instagram kwaye TikTok, ube nazo zonke amanyathelo athathiweyo ngokuchasene noDonald Trump. Ukwenza ezona ntloko ziphezulu, nangona kunjalo, yayisisigqibo seyona ndlela ithandwayo ngumongameli, Twitter (1/8/21), ukumnqumamisa ngokusisigxina “ngenxa yomngcipheko wokuqhubela phambili ubundlobongela.”
Kunzima ukuxoxa ukuba uTrump akazange aphule ngokuphindaphindiweyo Twitter's Mithetho nxamnye “nokusongela ugonyamelo” “nokuzukiswa ngogonyamelo,” ethethelela ukuvalwa kwakhe umlomo. Kodwa ngokungxamisekileyo kufuneka siphinde sicinge ngamandla ala mabhemoth eendaba zoluntu, kuba kukho imizekelo emininzi apho ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho yabo kuye kwangakhethi kwaye kungekho nto elubala.
Nokuba umntu wabona uhlaselo kwiiholo zeCongress njengenzame lobhukuqo-mbuso (umz., Atlantic, 1/6/21; News Buzzfeed, 1/6/21; Guardian, 1/6/21), “uqhushululu” (MSNBC, 1/10/21; Wall Street Journal, 1/12/21) okanye “uqhanqalazo” (Fox News, 1/7/21, 1/8/21), akukho mathandabuzo ukuba Trump wenza xhokonxa isihlwele ukuhlasela isihlalo sikarhulumente. Eyalela abalandeli bakhe ukuba “balwe njengesihogo” ukuze bayeke “unyulo olubiweyo,” wagxininisa esithi: “Awunakuze ulithabathe ilizwe lethu ngobuthathaka. Kufuneka ubonakalise amandla, kwaye kufuneka womelele.”
Indlela asabela ngayo amajelo eendaba ekuvinjweni kwamajelo asekuhlaleni yayahlukahlukene. Ukubhala kupapasho lobuchwephesha ZDNet (1/7/21), uSteven J. Vaughan-Nichols wasixhasa eso sigqibo. “Ilungelo lokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo alikuniki lungelo lokukhwaza ubuqhophololo kwilizwe eliqhekekileyo,” utshilo. “Twitter Bekufanele ukuba irhoxise iakhawunti kaTrump kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, ”ubhale watsho uSarah Manavis Omtsha waseMerika (1/7/21):
Iminyaka umongameli evunyelwe ukuba abhale kwi-tweet nantoni na ayifunayo, eneziphumo ezibulalayo…. Ityala lokukhaba omnye wabasebenzisi bayo abaphezulu kwiqonga liyabonakala.
Ngeli xesha, uChris Stevenson eLondon Ezizimeleyo (1/11/21) bathi iiwebhusayithi zabucala zinelungelo lokususa iinkonzo zabo kubasebenzisi.
UJessica J. González, i-CEO yeqela elixhasa amajelo eendaba Free Press (1/9/21) kunye nomseki wentetho echasene nentiyo Guqula umfelandawonye weMigqaliselo, wancoma ukuvalwa njengoloyiso lwentshukumo yemidiya:
TwitterIsigqibo sokumnqumamisa ngokusisigxina uDonald Trump luloyiso lwabameli bobuhlanga nobulungisa kudala begxeka ukuxhatshazwa kwakhe okuqhubekayo kweqonga.
Ukusukela ekusungulweni kwephulo lakhe lobumongameli xa wayenyelisa abantu baseMexico njengabadlwenguli, abaphuli-mthetho kunye nabathengisi beziyobisi, ukuya kuthi ga ekuphelelweni lithemba kobongameli bakhe njengoko eye wakhuthaza abantu abamhlophe ukuba benze ubundlobongela kunye novukelo, uTrump wasebenzisa iakhawunti yakhe ye-Twitter ukukhuthaza ubundlobongela. xoka ngesiphumo sonyulo, ukhuthaze abantu abanobuhlanga kwaye usasaze iithiyori zamayelenqe. Wayengafanelwanga liqonga Twitter, okanye nakweyiphi na imidiya yoluntu okanye yemveli.
Abanye abazange bakhuthazeke kangako zezo ndaba. Ukubhala ngaphakathi Politico (1/10/21), igosa le-European Union uThierry Breton unexhala:
Into yokuba i-CEO inokutsala iplagi kwi-POTUS yesandisi-lizwi ngaphandle kokutshekishwa kunye neebhalansi iyaxaka. Akukona nje ukuqinisekiswa kwamandla ala maqonga, kodwa kubonisa ubuthathaka obunzulu kwindlela uluntu lwethu oluhlelwe ngayo kwindawo yedijithali.
Iinkokeli zelizwe ezifana neChancellor yaseJamani Angela Merkel kunye noMongameli waseMexico UAndrés Manuel uLópez Obrador kananjalo ibonakalise intshukumo njengesibetho ngokuchasene nenkululeko yokuthetha. ENew York Times umbhali wemihlathi uMichelle Goldberg (1/11/21) wayephakathi, echaza ukuba i-tech giants yayilungile ukuvala i-Trump, kodwa ixhala malunga "namandla othusayo" ababewaqokelela.
Mhlawumbi eyona mpendulo ye-hitrionic ivela kuDonald Trump Jr., obhale kwi-tweet (1/9/21):
Ihlabathi liyayihleka iMelika kwaye uMao, uLenin, kunye noStalin bayancuma. Itekhnoloji enkulu iyakwazi ukugxeka uMongameli? Intetho yasimahla ifile kwaye ilawulwa ngabaphathi basekhohlo.
Ngokwenyani, ewe, amanani okwenyani, ozichazayo ngasekhohlo kunye namaKomanisi acocwa rhoqo kwindawo. Twitter Cima phantse zonke izixhobo zeendaba zaseCuba ngo-2019, zisuswe amashumi amawaka eeakhawunti ebanga ukuba zayanyaniswa neQela lamaKomanisi laseTshayina, kwaye yamisa iakhawunti kaMongameli waseVenezuela uNicolás Maduro. multiple amaxesha ngaphandle kwengcaciso. Ezi ntshukumo aziphumelelanga ukuvelisa ukugwetywa ngesandla kunye nezincoko ngohlobo lwentetho yenkululeko, nangona kunjalo.
Ngamandla awasebenzisayo njengomongameli, uTrump ngokungathandabuzekiyo ngoyena msebenzisi unemfazwe Twitter imbali, usebenzisa iqonga ukuze ukoyikisa imbubhiso ngokuchasene ne-Iran kwaye isoyikise iNorth Korea "intshabalalo epheleleyo"(mhlawumbi inyukliya kwindalo). Kangangokuba wayeyityeshele imithetho yesiza echasene nobundlobongela kangangokuba kwafuneka yenze njalo wezandla ezintsha "exemptions public-interest" ukuthethelela hayi emkhaba. Nangona izigqibo zabo babezikhetha ngolwimi lwenkululeko yokuthetha, izibhengezo ezingalawulekiyo zikamongameli zazisoloko zisenza imali eninzi; Twitter ezilahlekileyo I-3.4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwixabiso lemarike ngobusuku nje emva kokubhengeza ukuvalwa kweveki ephelileyo.
Ngelixa izenzo zikaTrump zaphule ngokucacileyo imiqathango yenkonzo yenkampani ngokungafuneki nje kuphela kodwa ngokuvelisa ubundlobongela, umcimbi uzisa imibuzo emikhulu malunga nobunini babucala beeforam zoluntu kunye namandla amakhulu emithombo yeendaba zentlalo efana Facebook kwaye Twitter zibambe phezu koluntu. Amashumi amathandathu anesibhozo ekhulwini yabantu abadala baseMelika basebenzise Facebook kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-25%. Twitter. Omabini amaqonga ngamasango amakhulu kunye nabasasazi beendaba kwihlabathi liphela. Facebook yindlela ende ngowona mthombo weendaba usetyenziswa kakhulu eUnited States, kwaye omabini amaqonga aneziseko zabasebenzisi ezinkulu kakhulu kunoko. ukujikeleziswa ngokubambisana kuwo onke amaphephandaba ase-US emihla ngemihla. Bakwanika abantu abaqhelekileyo ithuba lokwabelana ngolwazi nokwakha uluntu, nto leyo ebenza babe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeendawo zikawonke-wonke zale mihla.
Ushicilelo olukhululekileyo lusisiseko salo naluphi na uluntu oluvulekileyo, lwedemokhrasi. Kodwa uyathanda okanye awuthandi, kwiminyaka embalwa nje embalwa, iinkampani ezinkulu ze-intanethi ziye zagqitha kude ukufikelela kwimithombo yeendaba yelifa, iindaba ziye zaphulwa ngokubanzi. Twitter ngaphambi kwenye indawo. Iinkampani ezifana Uphando kwaye Facebook baye baba bodwa ngoyilo, ekhupha ngaphandle or ukuthenga phezulu ukhuphiswano. Azikho ezinye iindlela ezisebenzayo zazo naziphi na isayizi kwezi zibhemo, ukuphakamisa imibuzo zokuba ngaba bafanele ukuba ngabanini babucala kwaphela, kujongwe ukubaluleka kwabo kwintetho yesidlangalala.
Oorhulumente baseNtshona sele besebenzisa ulawulo olukhulu kumxholo wemidiya yoluntu, kodwa ngenxa yeminqweno yabo, hayi eyethu. Ngo-2018, Facebook ibhengeze ukuba iza kusebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye neBhunga leAtlantiki ukuyinceda ukuba ilawule iindaba zayo kwaye ikhuphe ulwazi olungeyonyani (FAIR.org, 5/21/18). I-Atlantiki Council ngumbutho we-NATO cutout oxhaswa ngemali liSebe likaRhulumente kunye noorhulumente bamazwe angaphandle. Yalo ibhodi yebaphathi iquka amagosa aphezulu exesha likaBush afana noCondoleezza Rice kunye noColin Powell, iinjengele zomkhosi zase-US kunye neenkosi ezingaphantsi kwesibhozo zeCIA. Xa imibutho enjengale inefuthe kwezona ndlela zonxibelelwano lwehlabathi, oko kusondela ekuhlolweni korhulumente kwihlabathi jikelele.
Ngeli xesha, ngo-2019, umntu omkhulu Twitter isigqeba satyhilwa njengegosa kuMkhosi waseBritane osebenza ngokwasengqondweni kunye necandelo lemfazwe ye-Intanethi. Amajelo eendaba asabela ngokuzamla okuhlangeneyo, iindaba ezigutyungelwe sisikhuseli esinye sase-US salo naliphi na inqaku (Newsweek, 10/1/19; yabona FAIR.org, 10/24/19) -impendulo ephakamisa imibuzo emininzi ekhathazayo malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kwe-deep state kunye ne-four estate. Intatheli ebichaza eli bali rhoxisa kwiiveki ezimbalwa kamva, ecaphula ukucutha ukujongwa phezulu-phantsi.
Mhlawumbi oku kuyanceda ukucacisa ukuba kutheni ii-giants ze-intanethi ze-intanethi ekujoliswe kuzo zokuvalwa bezisoloko ziziintshaba zasekhaya kunye nezangaphandle zaseWashington. Facebook iwavale amaphepha angawamaqela amaninzi achasene nokusekwa, anje Hlala eLondon kunye ne-anti-fascist Akukho Manyanise iLungelo, ngelixa unqumamisa ezo zezinye imidiya ezifana TeleSUR IsiNgesi kwaye Uhlalutyo lweVenezuela.
Kunyaka ophelileyo ikwabhengeze ukuba, kuba uMongameli uTrump wonyule i-Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) umbutho wabanqolobi, zonke izithuba ezibonisa uJenene Qassem Soleimani osandul' ukubulawa ngendlela entle ziya kususwa ngokukhawuleza kumaqonga ayo (Instagram, WhatsAppnjl.). "Sisebenza phantsi kwemithetho yezohlwayo yase-US, kuquka leyo inxulumene nokuchongwa ngurhulumente wase-US kwi-IRGC kunye nobunkokeli bayo," isithethi senkampani. wathi. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yokuba uSoleimani wayenomsebenzi wasekhaya ongaphezu kwama-80%. umgangatho wokuvunywa, oku kuthetha ukuba esinye isibhengezo esivela kuTrump sithintele abantu base-Irani ukuba babelane ngoluvo lwabo oludume kakhulu kwi-Intanethi omnye komnye.
Facebook iphinde yatshintsha ngamabom i-algorithm yayo kwinzame zokunciphisa i-traffic kwiindawo zeendaba ezisekhohlo. Kunyaka ophelileyo, i Wall Street Journal (10/16/20) ingxelo yokuba uMark Zuckerberg wavuma ngokwakhe utshintsho oluya kubetha "ukushiya ngasekhohlo" iindawo zeendaba zezopolitiko ezinzima kunokuba bekucwangcisiwe ngaphambili. Ngeli xesha, abahlaziyi kunye nabachasi basekunene lawula isiza, ngaphandle kwabo rhoqo kwaye kakuhle ukwaphulwa kwemigaqo yenkonzo.
Twitter ukwanayo icociwe amakhulu amawaka eeakhawunti zesiRashiya, isiTshayina, isiTurkey kunye neVenezuela, ngelixa ehlala enqumamisa amazwi kunye neempapasho ezichasene nemfazwe. Njengaye Facebook, indawo yasekhohlo yeendaba ezizimeleyo Uhlalutyo lweVenezuela yeyona nto ithandwayo.
Iinkampani zabucala mhlawumbi akufanele ukubamba iiforum ezinkulu ze-intanethi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kunjalo, kufuneka kubekho imithetho ecacileyo nenyanzeliswayo ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nokophulwa kokuziphatha okunzulu. Ngale ndlela, yayisisigqibo esilumkileyo esivela kwiinkampani zemidiya yoluntu ukunqumamisa okanye ukuvala umongameli, oye wayigatya le mithetho iminyaka.
Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani zaseSilicon Valley zikude kubagwebi bokuziphatha abangathathi hlangothi, kwaye zinembali yokusebenzisa kakubi amandla abo. Ngo-2018, kuthathe iiyure ezingama-24 ukuba iinkampani ezinkulu zetekhnoloji zisuse umsindo wazo kwi-theory yelenqe u-Alex Jones ukuya ngasekhohlo (FAIR.org, 8/22/18), ukucima nokumisa ii-akhawunti ezinemvano-siphelo okanye isizathu esincinane. Musa ukulindela ukuba esi ibe sisigqibo sokugqibela esinempikiswano enkulu abasenzayo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela