Umthombo: UMgaqo-nkqubo waNgaphandle kuGxininiso
Lo mhlomlo lupapasho oludibeneyo lwe Umgaqo-nkqubo weNgaphandle kwaye InTheseTimes.com.
Unyaka omtsha uvulwe apho i-United States yenza ukubulala ngokungekho mthethweni kwilizwe langaphandle ngenqwelomoya.
Andithethi ngohlaselo lwe-rocket kaJanuwari 3, 2020 olwabulala injengele yase-Iran uQasem Soleimani. Ndithetha ngogwayimbo lukaJanuwari 1, 2019 olwabulala uJamal Al Badawi, umtyholwa weyelenqe leAl Qaeda, eYemen.
I-US ukwenza ukubulawa kwabantu ukusuka phezulu - ngaphandle kwetyala, ngaphandle kwesilumkiso - akukho nto intsha. Yintoni eyahluke ngokubulawa kuka-Al Badawi kukuba umkhosi wase-US wawusesidlangalaleni ngayo, bhengeza ukubulawa kwabantu nge-Twitter nge-6 kaJanuwari.
Kangangeminyaka, abaphembeleli bamatshantliziyo, iintatheli, izifundiswa, kunye nabanye bebefuna ukuba kuselubala malunga neSebe lezoKhuselo elidume ngokufihlakeleyo kunye neenkqubo eziqhutywa yiCIA. Umntu uphela njani kuluhlu lwabantu ekujoliswe kubo, abo babhenela kubo ukuba baphume kuluhlu olunjalo, apho i-drones isekelwe khona, kwaye naxa bebetha imiba eyayigutyungelwe emfihlakalweni ngexesha lolawulo lukaBush no-Obama.
Oko kuhlala kuyinyani phantsi kukaTrump - eneneni kunjalo nzima ngakumbi ukufumana ulwazi malunga nokubulawa kwabantu ngoku. Kodwa nanku umzekelo wokubulawa kwabantu ngenqwelo-moya eyayisenziwa elubala.
Mhlawumbi, isizathu sokuba nolwazi oluninzi malunga nemfazwe ye-drone kukuba abantu abaqhubayo banokuphenduliswa ngezenzo zabo. Kwaye nangona kunjalo, banikwe ithuba lokubuza imibuzo malunga nohlaselo loNyaka oMtsha, abambalwa abaxabisekileyo babuzwa yiCongress okanye amajelo aqhelekileyo.
Namhlanje, njengoko sijikeleza ngokuyingozi kungquzulwano oluthe ngqo lomkhosi phakathi kwe-US ne-Iran, kufanelekile ukubonakalisa ukusilela ukuqinisa ubundlongondlongo bukaTrump endleleni. Ngenxa yeempawu ezicacileyo zokuba uTrump ebenomdla wokunyusa iimfazwe ezininzi zase-United States - kwaye aqale ezintsha - ukuhambelana kwamanye amaziko kwimfazwe kaTrump, ngakumbi iCongress, iyamangalisa.
Iqakamba ezivela kwiCongress
Ukurhoxa kukaTrump kwelinye icala-kunye neenzame zokutshabalalisa-isivumelwano senyukliya sibangele indlela eqikelelwayo yokunyuka kwengxabano phakathi kwe-US ne-Iran. Abaninzi baye babonisa ukuba, kutsha nje owayesakuba nguMcebisi woKhuseleko lweSizwe USusan Rice. Into ekufuneka siyiphonononge nzulu zizigqibo phakathi kwelo xesha nangoku ezavumela uTrump ukuba alandele indlela enje.
Kwiindawo ezininzi eziphambili, abaqulunqi bomthetho basilela ukucela umngeni kwizenzo zobundlobongela base-US ezenziwa ngaphandle kokuzenza ngathi bayaphendula, njengaxa i-Amnesty International yabhala into yokuba i-US yabulala abahlali kwimfazwe yayo yomoya eSomalia, eSomalia. umbiko eyafumana ingqalelo encinane kakhulu. Okanye xa iintatheli umbiko ukuba ukungqingwa okukhokelwa yi-US ngokuchasene ne-ISIS kwisixeko saseSyria iRaqqa kwaba yintlekele kubantu beso sixeko-i-US ngelo xesha. Lahliwe, emva kokutsho ukuba kuya kunceda ukwakha kwakhona.
Ngamanye amaxesha, abenzi bomthetho kunye namanye amagosa baye baphakamisa amazwi abo ngokuchasene nomgaqo-nkqubo kaTrump wangaphandle - ngokuthi akazibophelelanga. konele ekusukeleni iimfazwe zase-US. Injalo impendulo xa uTrump ebhengeza ukuba wayerhoxisa imikhosi kumda waseTurkey neSyria. Abagxeki ugcino olukhuthazwayo ubukho bomkhosi obuvulekileyo kulo lonke elaseSyria.
Kodwa akufuneki nokuba sijonge ngasemva kangako.
Ngomhla we-9 kaDisemba - kancinci kwinyanga edluleyo Washington Post waqalisa ukupapasha ungcelele lwamanqaku aziwa ngokuba amaphepha aseAfghanistan, eyabhala iminyaka yobuxoki ngamagosa ase-US kunye neentlekele ezibangelwa zizenzo zase-US kwiminyaka eyi-18 yokuhlala kwelo lizwe. Kwiiveki ezimbini kamva, i- ENew York Times amaxwebhu kunye nevidiyo ekhutshwe, ubukhulu becala ubungqina obuvela kwi-US Navy SEALs, eqinisekisiweyo ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe olungathandabuzekiyo eyenziwe ngumphathi we-Navy SEAL u-Eddie Gallagher, owayesanda kukhululwa kwezona zityholo zinzima - kwaye waxolelwa ngumongameli.
Nanga amaphephandaba aphambili erekhodi eqhuba ukusasazwa kwephepha elingaphambili lempatho-gadalala emandla abantu ekufuneka bebizelwe ukuba baphendule ngayo. Kanti beziphi iindibano zengqungquthela?
Endaweni yokuthatha amanyathelo okuphendula, iCongress yenza okwahlukileyo: Ipasile ibhiliyoni yeedola ezingama-738 ezigidigidi zenkcitho yasemkhosini, ivuma ngokufanelekileyo kwaye yaphembelela iimfazwe. Ngaphandle kokugwetywa ngelizwi lomthetho oyilwayo ovela kwiDemokhrasi yaseCalifornia uRo Khanna kunye noBarbara Lee, nje iiDemokhrasi zeNdlu ezingama-41 zivote ngokuchasene nayo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-188 ejoyine amaRiphabhlikhi Ukudlula .
Phakathi kwamagatya athi uKhanna atsalele ingqalelo kuwo ngenxa yokuhluthwa kumthetho ogqithileyo: isihlomelo awasixhasa ngenkxaso-mali leyo. wakhanyela umongameli igunya lokulwa imfazwe neIran.
Iintshukumo zibalulekile
Kwintetho yesizwe namhlanje, uTrump woyikise ngakumbi izohlwayo ezichasene neIran. Njengoko i-rhetoric yakhe iba yimfazwe ngakumbi - kwaye njengoko ehambisa nangakumbi amajoni ukuya kuMbindi Mpuma ukuseka iqonga lokuhlaselwa kweIran - amalungu eCongress ' iifowuni ukuzisa umongameli ekuthobeleni uMthetho wamaGunya eMfazwe ngokuqinisekileyo bamkelekile. Kodwa imibuzo ephakanyiswa ngabezomthetho ngoku, emva kokuba i-US sele yenze isenzo semfazwe ekubulaleni uSoleimani e-Iraq, iphikisana nezenzo zabo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Ukuya kunyaka omtsha, iCongress yayisele ithumele umyalezo wokuba uTrump kunye nePentagon banokwenza nantoni na abayifunayo. Kwaye nakuphi na ukukrokra kwamalungu eCongress malunga nohlaselo lwasemkhosini e-Iran, umzimba unayo zixhaswe Izohlwayo ezibekwe kwelo lizwe yi-United States - eziye zenziwa intlekele kubantu baseIran, nezisebenza njengezandulela emfazweni.
Oko kubizwa ngokuba yiMfazwe yoBugrogrisi ayilawuleki ngokupheleleyo. Yintoni efunekayo kukuchaswa okuxhaphakileyo e-US kwiimfazwe ezenziwa ngamagama ethu - kuquka ukuhlasela i-Iran - ukuba iguqulwe ibe ngumlo wokulwa.
Silubonile uqhanqalazo oluninzi phantsi kukaTrump - nakwimizuzu yalo emfutshane - lunempembelelo enkulu. IMigidi yaBasetyhini isenokuba ayizange ibuphelise ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo, kodwa bona, kunye #Nam kunye namaphulo e-#TimesUp, avule iingxoxo ezifikelelekayo kunye nezinzulu malunga nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kwimemori yakutshanje, kwaye abanye abaxhaphazi abaphezulu benziwe ukuba baphendule ngezenzo zabo. (Nakanye ingqungquthela ye-UN yapasiswa, nangona i-US ingekayiqinisekisi.) Ukuhlangana okuzenzekelayo, ukuhlanganisa abantu abaninzi kwizikhululo zeenqwelo moya ngokuchasene neTrump's Muslim Ban yabuyisela umva ezo zicwangciso okwexeshana ngokunjalo.
Kufuneka sandise oko kuxhathisa kumatshini womkhosi wase-US ohamba njengololiwe obalekayo, ongathintelwanga ziindleko zabantu zokutshatyalaliswa kwawo, okanye nokunqongophala okubonakalayo kwesicwangciso ngokwembono yasemkhosini.
Imicimbi yamandla adumileyo. Kwakukho, eneneni, umzuzwana apho kwakukho incoko kwiNkongolo malunga nokuphelisa inkxaso yase-US kwimfazwe yentlekele yaseSaudi Arabia eYemen-imfazwe esele yenziwe kuphela ngezixhobo zase-US, ubukrelekrele kunye nezinye iindlela zenkxaso. Ngaphandle kweevoti kuzo zombini izindlu zokumisa olo ncedo, uTrump wakwazi ukuvala umthetho, kwaye umzuzu wadlula.
Kuthekani ukuba bekukho izenzo ezininzi ezitalatweni? Ngaba loo migudu yayinokutyhalelwa ngaphaya komgca?
Kufuneka sibuze le mibuzo, size sibe nomfanekiso-ngqondweni weempendulo zayo. Ngokwenza njalo, siya kujoyina kumanyano kunye neenzame ezahlukeneyo kuMbindi Mpuma ukucela umngeni koorhulumente kunye namazwe angaphandle - ngakumbi i-United States - ebaxhasa.
Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, iindaba ezazilawula izihloko eziphuma e-Iraq kwiinyanga ezingaphambi kokubulawa kukaSoleimani e-US yayikukuba abantu baseIraq ukuhlanganisa ngobuninzi ngokuchasene norhulumente omvelaphi yakhe ikuhlaselo lwase-US luka-2003 kunye nokuhlaliswa kwakhe okwalandela, kwaye imikhosi yakhe ixhobile kwaye iqeqeshwa ngeebhiliyoni zeedola kuncedo lwase-US. (Kwakukho uqhanqalazo lwaseIraq ikwajolise kwimpembelelo yaseIran elizweni.)
Ngapha koko, ukugxila kwiintshukumo zabantu kulo lonke elaseMbindi Mpuma, iAfrika, kunye noMbindi weAsia abazifumana bekwindlela yokuwela iMfazwe yoBugrogrisi kufuneka ibaluleke kakhulu kwintshukumo apha ecela umngeni kwiimfazwe zase-US. Khawufane ucinge amandla, umzekelo, iindibano ezinkulu zase-US ezihambelana nentshukumo engaphakathi kwe-Iraq yokususa imikhosi yase-US elizweni. Khawufane ucinge ukuba amalungu amaninzi eNkongolo yase-US aye anyanzelwa ukuba alandele ipalamente yase-Iraq ekubizeni loo majoni ukuba abuyele ekhaya.
Emva kwayo yonke iBaghdadi
Kwiincoko ezimbalwa ezenzekayo malunga neemfazwe zethu, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba abantu balibale ngabantu abathwele ubunzima bezo mfazwe.
Emva kokubulawa kwe-26 ka-Oktobha yenkokeli ye-ISIS u-Abu Bakr Al Baghdadi, umzekelo, amagosa eSebe lezoKhuseleko abambe inkomfa yeendaba kwiPentagon. Unako ukufunda i ngxelo. Abacholacholi beendaba egumbini babuze imibuzo emibini malunga nenja enesitayile encedise ekubulaleni abantu, kunye neminye emininzi malunga nethemba labasebenzi base-US abafumana amasimi e-oyile yaseSyria.
Iintatheli ezikweli gumbi azizange zibuze umbuzo omnye malunga nokuba abanye ngaphandle kwe-Al Baghdadi, kuquka nabemi, bonzakele okanye babulawa kwimishini.
Ngombulelo, ezinye iintatheli wenza buza. Iintatheli ze-NPR zifunde ukuba kuhlaselo olufanayo apho uBaghdadi wabulawa khona, umlimi waseSyria uBarakat Ahmad Barakat wabona abahlobo bakhe ababini bebulawa ngamarokhethi ase-US - kunye nesandla sakhe sahlukaniswa nomzimba wakhe - njengoko babebanjwe kuhlaselo ngelixa beqhuba iveni.
Amafama amathathu ayengenazixhobo. Ngaphandle kwentlungu yokwenzakala kunye nokubona abahlobo bakhe bebulawa, umsebenzi kaBarakat awunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwesandla sakhe. Ubomi bakhe njengoko wayesazi ukuba buphelile.
Emva kwawo wonke “umntu ombi” onje ngoBaghdadi yinkitha yabantu abaqhelekileyo abathwaxwa yimfazwe engapheliyo-into elilizwe eliye lenza yanoburhalarhume ngakumbi, kunye nezithintelo ezimbalwa okanye uxanduva lwenkqubo yezopolitiko yase-US.
Kubalulekile ukuba sonke sithethe nge-Iran ngoku, njengoko simi kumda wesahluko esitsha seentlekele-kwaye sisebenzela ukuyithintela. Kodwa ukubulawa kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweMfazwe yoBugrogrisi kwenzeka kwihlabathi jikelele, yonke imihla. Ukunqongophala kwengqalelo kuyo yinxalenye yezinto ezigcina iqhubeka, kwaye ibeka inqanaba lemeko yangoku ebandakanya i-Iran, i-Iraq, ne-United States.
Inyaniso kukuba, ezi mfazwe zilwaphulo-mthetho, kwaye nayiphi na incoko malunga nabo engabambisi abantu abachaphazeleka kakhulu ayamkelekanga. Loo ncoko ayizukuqala kurhulumente wase-US. Endaweni yoko, kufuneka iphakanyiswe ngabo bethu bacatshukiswa ziimfazwe eziye zatshabalalisa izizukulwana, kwaye abakholelwa ukuba abantu abavela eSomalia ukuya e-Afghanistan, kwaye ngoku ukuya eIran - eneneni, sonke - sifanelwe yihlabathi elingcono.
UKhury Petersen-Smith nguMichael Ratner Middle East Fellow kwiZiko leZifundo zoMgaqo-nkqubo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela