Umthombo: Ukuqhuba Ukungaxhatshazwa
โIntsomi yokuba impumelelo yomzabalazo wabafundi yayikwixesha elidlulileyo - ngeminyaka yoo-1960 kunye neye-'70s - yintsomi. Ehlabathini jikelele, alikho ixesha eliye labona ukutshatyalaliswa kwabafundi ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo. โ
Ubhala njalo uMark Edelman Boren "Ukuxhathisa kwabafundi ngexesha lesiphithiphithi," uthotho lweencwadi ezinemiqulu emibini evela kwiSeven Stories Press. Iincwadi zikaBoren zibonelela ngembali yehlabathi ngokwenene, ehamba ngobuqhetseba ukusuka kwilizwe ukuya kwelinye ngelixa echaza imizabalazo emininzi abantu abatsha abaye babandakanyeka kuyo, kuluhlu olukhulu lwemiba, kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo.
Ububanzi beprojekthi buyamangalisa. I-Boren ibonisa ihlabathi elintsonkothileyo, elinobusiphithiphithi, apho abantu abancinci baye bafumana utshintsho olubalulekileyo nolukhawulezayo kwiimeko zezopolitiko nezoqoqosho. Ezinye zezi mfuno zale ntshukumo zinefuthe lehlabathi okanye lengingqi, ezifana nezo zijongene nemfazwe okanye utshintsho lwemozulu. Abanye, okwangoku, bajolise kwimigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemiba ethile kwizizwe, izixeko okanye izikolo. Abafundi baye bajongana noluhlu olubanzi lwabachasi kolu ngquzulwano-abanye babo banovelwano, abanye bemiliselwe ngokuqinileyo kwaye bayakhawuleza ukusebenzisa ubundlobongela.
Yintoni edibanisa aba baphembeleli, ngaphaya kobutsha babo, kukufuna okuqhelekileyo ukufumana kunye nokwandisa iintanda kulawulo oludala - umnqweno odibeneyo wokubumba ikamva labo elihlangeneyo.
Ezi ncwadi zinento eninzi yokuqwalaselwa kwaye ixutyushwe, kodwa ngenxa yokuba zigubungela umhlaba omninzi, kunzima ukushwankathela. Kolu dliwano-ndlebe, u-Boren ubonakalisa indlela olu phando olumchaphazele ngayo, kwizinto ezimanyumnyezi nemingeni yangoku, kunye nendlela esinokujongana ngayo nekamva kunye ukuze sakhe ihlabathi elingcono.
Ziyitshintshe njani ezi ncwadi indlela oyiqonda ngayo le minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo? Kutheni ucinga ukuba kubalulekile ukubeka iziko loqhanqalazo lwabafundi kwimbali yakutshanje?
Iqela lam (elikhule laya kutsho kwisithandathu) abaphandi bahluza amakhulu amawaka amanqaku, iingxelo, amaxwebhu kunye nezinye izinto ukuphanda oku. Ukuqala kwam, bendingenalo nofifi lokuba le projekthi iza kuba nkulu kangakanani na, iqhubeleke kangakanani kwaye iqhubekeke kangakanani inkqubo yokukhuthaza abafundi, kwaye itshintshe kangakanani na ihlabathi. Ehlabathini lonke, phakathi ukuya ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 eneneni ilula xa kuthelekiswa.
Into endiye ndayiqonda yayiyeyona nto iphambili kuphuhliso loluntu lwanamhlanje ukuchasana kwabafundi, indlela echonga kwaye ivule ngayo iindlela ezinokwenzeka zenguqu - kunye nendlela enokuthi ivelise amandla kolo tshintsho.
Ngoku ndibona ihlabathi liphela, kuluntu lwalo oluninzi kunye namaqela abo, bonke bevaleleke kumzabalazo oqhubekayo phakathi kwabo bafuna ukuqokelela amandla okulawula abanye, kunye nabo bafuna ukuzilawula - phakathi kwabasemagunyeni kunye nabemi, naphakathi kwemikhosi yoluntu (Ndithetha oku malunga nokugcina isimo se-quo) kunye nobuchule (amandla okutshintsha kunye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo).
Ukusuka kulawulo lwenkululeko yokuthetha kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kumadabi okutshintsha kwemozulu kwihlabathi kwizindlu zepalamente yelinye, ukusuka ekuvunyweni kolwaphulo-mthetho olungahoywanga okanye olungahoywanga olujoliswe ebantwini ukuya kwingqikelelo yemithetho โyongcatshiโ eyamkelwe phantse kuzo zonke izizwe โ imalunga noku. amandla: ngubani oyisebenzisayo, yintoni abazimisele ukuyenza ukuyigcina kwaye abo bangenayo bangayifumana njani.
E-US, abafundi beekholeji zanamhlanje (kubandakanywa nabo bakwiiklasi zethu) sele bephila kumaza oqhanqalazo lwembali - uMatshi waBasetyhini, ukuphuma kwabafundi besikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ngenxa yobundlobongela bompu, i-Black Life Matter - kunye nobhubhani wehlabathi. Ngandlela ithile, ubhalile zabo imbali. Yintoni onethemba lokuba ibanika yona?
Wonke umntu unenxaxheba kulo mhlaba. Ndiyathemba ukuba ezi ncwadi ziya kunceda ukubonisa abafundi ukuba nangona kukho imikhosi echasene nabo - ngokwasemzimbeni, entlalweni, esemthethweni, yangaphakathi - ababodwa kwaye banokwenza utshintsho lokwenyani.
Ndiyathemba kwakhona ukuba iincwadi ziboleka abafundi imbono yehlabathi kumzabalazo oqhubekayo woluntu kwaye ekugqibeleni zikhulise imvakalelo yovelwano. Ndifuna babone ukuba umhlaba mkhulu kakhulu kwaye untsonkothile ngakumbi kunokuba bebesazi-kwaye nokuba ezo ndawo zikude zikufuphi kubo kunokuba beqonda.
Uninzi lweziganeko ekuxoxiwe ngazo zirekhodwe kuphela kumaphephandaba asekuhlaleni okanye angaphantsi komhlaba, iingxelo zobuntu okanye amangqina okuzibonela, kwaye ngoko beziya kulahleka kwimbali. Ukongeza kwiimpumelelo, ezi ncwadi zibhala (kwaye zisebenza njengesikhumbuzo) kumawaka emizabalazo eyaba yimpumelelo kuphela ekuhlaleni, okanye eyasilelayo - kunye nabaphembeleli ababesengozini yokubethwa, ukuvalelwa entolongweni okanye ukubulawa ukuze batshintshe ihlabathi labo.
Iimbali zentshukumo zihlala zikhona emthunzini we "60s," kodwa iincwadi zakho ziseka uqhanqalazo lwabafundi njengesiqhelo - umthetho, endaweni yokungafani. Ucinga ukuba sizuza ntoni ngokuhamba ngaphaya kokugxila kwi-'60s?
Kuninzi okwenzekileyo ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-'60s - iTiananmen Square, uguqulo lombala weMpuma Yurophu, iNtwasahlobo yama-Arabhu, iNtwasahlobo yaseLatin America, amadabi edemokhrasi eAfrika naseAsia, #Nam intshukumo, iBlack Lives Matter, kunye nemozulu yehlabathi, ukubala nje ezimbalwa.
Kukho umnqweno ongapheliyo wentyatyambo kwizizukulwana ezitsha, kwaye ulutsha lunobuchule kwicala labo kunye nokuzimisela ukubeka emngciphekweni, ngamanye amaxesha yonke into, ukulahla idyokhwe yomnye.
Uqhanqalazo lwe-'60s lwamanzi, ewe, kwaye lusebenza njengamanqaku abalulekileyo kunye neesimboli, kodwa ihlabathi lihambe kakhulu ngaphaya kwazo. Ubuncinci sibe namaza amakhulu oqhanqalazo lwabafundi kwihlabathi liphela, nangona ndibona oku njengamaza angaguqukiyo ajikelezayo kwihlabathi, ehlala ehlamba imimandla okanye amazwekazi.
Inqaku lokuqala eliphambili le-post-'60s wave lihambelana nokunyuka kwe-intanethi, kwaye okwesibini kwafika kunye nokwanda kweselfowuni kunye nokunyuka kweendaba zoluntu. Akuyongozi ukuba kubekho ukuqhuma kwentshukumo ehambelana nokwanda kweselfowuni, evumela uthungelwano olukhawulezileyo lwabantu, kwaye ixhobisa ngamnye ngelizwi (kunye nekhamera). Isizukulwana esilandelayo sifumene i-arhente kunye namandla. Bafuna ukuba uluntu kunye nehlabathi labo lahluke kunezinto abazizuze njengelifa.
Kwaye basebenzise loo arhente kunye namandla kwiinjongo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Iintshukumo ozibhalayo zibonakala ngathi ziyohlulakala, ngokweendidi ezibini eziphambili: ezo zijongana nomdla wabafundi as abafundi kunye nabo bazama ukubumba ikamva ngokubanzi. Luluphi unxibelelwano olubonayo phakathi kwabo?
Ndicinga ukuba uchanekile ekuchongeni olo qhekeko. Ngamanye amaxesha bayahlukana. Ngamanye amaxesha ziyadibana. Kwaye, njengoko sibonile kwiindawo ezininzi mva nje, ngamanye amaxesha intshukumo yabafundi inokudubula ibe yintshukumo enkulu yentlalo-okanye ibangele uguquko.
Ezinye zezo nkxalabo zihlangeneyo zithetha ukuba zinento yokwenza nokuzimisela (ezifana neentshukumo zedemokhrasi eHong Kong, kwiDemocratic Republic of Congo, eAlgeria, eVenezuela nakwezinye), intswela-bulungisa yembali ejongene nezizukulwana ezitsha (kubandakanywa nolawulo lwentando yesininzi. #Nam iMovement and Black Life Matter), kunye nengxaki ekhoyo esijongene nayo ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokuphathwa kakubi okugqithisileyo kobutyebi bomhlaba.
Ukufunda la mabali kufana nje ne-roller coaster. Kwelinye icala, kuyakhuthaza kakhulu ukubona abantu abatsha bebeka ithemba labo kwizenzo kunye notshintsho olunyanzelisayo. Kukwakho nenkohlakalo eninzi kule mbali, nangona kunjalo. Ukubanjwa, ukubethwa, ukungcungcuthekiswa nokubulawa ngoorhulumente abangoozwilakhe yinto engaguqukiyo.
Loo bhokisi yezixhobo zolawulo yayilixesha laphakathi, kwaye ukungayekeleli kolunya nokoyikeka okutyhilwe luphando lwethu kuye kwachaphazela iimvakalelo. Ngokucacileyo sasingekakulungeli umlinganiselo wenkohlakalo esasiya kuyifumana. Kwakukho amaxesha apho ngamnye kwakufuneka aphumle kwizinto eziphathekayo okwexeshana.
Oko kuthethiweyo, yeyiphi inkuthazo kunye nempumelelo esiyifumeneyo, ngokunjalo! Kungakhathaliseki ukuba limfiliba kangakanani na, likhohlakele kangakanani na igunya, okanye lilawula njani ilizwe (kwaye ndicinga apha ngokukrwitsha kweTshayina kulwazi), kukho abo baya kuthi baxhathise. Kwaye kaninzi baya kuba bancinci. Kanye njengokuba amaqhinga kunye nenkohlakalo yee-authoitarians iqhubekile, ngokunjalo, inomdla wokuzimela, inkululeko kunye nokuzikhethela.
Ulawulo lwegunya lubonakala ngathi luyakhula kule minyaka yakutshanje. Yintoni esiyifundayo ulutsha kule nkulungwane yama-21 ngokuxhathisa ukuqhubela phambili? Yintoni entsha apha?
Abo baphetheyo banezixhobo ezininzi kunangaphambili. Ukongeza kwi-cudgels kunye ne-capsicum spray, imithetho emitsha echaza abaqhankqalazi "njengabanqolobi" kwaye igunyazise izigwebo eziqatha zokugwetyelwa iye yanda, nase-US, France, nase-UK.
Amazwe kunye noogunyaziwe basebenzisa ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji esweni ukuchonga amalungu amaqela aphikisayo ukuba abanjwe, amaqhinga amatsha (njengokubamba abaqhankqalazi okanye ukuzisa amapolisa avela ngaphandle koluntu ukucinezela uqhanqalazo lwasekhaya), ukulawula imfundo, okanye ukuhlaziya imbali (zonke iireferensi zeTiananmen Ukubulawa kwabantu kwesikwere, umzekelo, kucinyiwe kwi-intanethi yaseTshayina, kunye namagama angafunekiyo okanye amabinzana, anje #Nam).
Kodwa urhulumente uhlala ecotha ukutshintsha kunabo bayichasayo. Kukho umnqweno ongapheliyo wentyatyambo kwizizukulwana ezitsha, kwaye ulutsha lunobuchule kwicala labo kunye nokuzimisela ukubeka emngciphekweni, ngamanye amaxesha yonke into, ukulahla idyokhwe yomnye.
Siyayibona loo nto kubakhuseli baseUkraine, kodwa sikwayibona ngamawaka abafundi abancinci baseRussia abaphuma besiya ezitratweni zaseMoscow beqhankqalaza imfazwe, bejongene nokubethwa nokubanjwa kwangoko.
Phambi kokuba ndikukhulule, ngowuphi umbuzo onqwenela ukuba bendikubuze wona?
Ngendifuna ubuza ukuba, emva kwayo yonke le nto, ndingumntu onethemba.
Kwaye wena?
Akunjalo!
UDawson Barrett ngunjingalwazi onxulumene neMbali yase-US kwiKholeji yaseDel Mar eTexas. Iincwadi zakhe ziquka "Abavukeli abakwishumi elivisayo: Abafundisi abaphumeleleyo beSikolo samaBanga aPhakamileyo ukusuka kwiLittle Rock Nine ukuya kwiKlasi yangoMso," "I-Defiant: Iintshukumo zoqhankqalazo kwi-Post-Liberal America," kunye ne "Punks ePeoria: Ukwenza iSicelo kwiAmerican Heartland. โ
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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