Isithunzi sesoyikiso esitsha sibonakala senza mnyama ukhuseleko lwesizwe: umnqolobi onengcuka eyodwa.
โIngcuka eyedwa liphupha elitsha elibi,โ wabhala Washington Post Umbhali wemihlathi uCharles Krauthammer kutshanje, kwaye ingcali yolwazi yayingeyodwa eyayicinga njalo. "Ngenene ndibona [iingcuka zodwa] njengesisoyikiso esikhulu kune-al-Qaeda, okanye i-Islamic State, okanye i-al-Qaeda franchises," uScott Stewart, usekela mongameli wohlalutyo lobuchule kwinkampani yobuntlola yehlabathi kunye neengcebiso iStratfor, xelelwe VICE News. Ngokufanayo, emva kohlaselo lwaseParis lwabanqolobi, oluvela kwi-"Meet the Press," iGqwetha Jikelele u-Eric Holder. wathi, โEyona nto ndicinga ukuba indenza ndihlale ndingalali ebusuku [yile] yokuxhalaba ngengcuka yodwa engabhaqwanga.โ
Unokuziphinda-phinda iingxelo ezinjalo amaxesha amaninzi. Inye kuphela ingxaki ngokunyuka kwe-alarm malunga neengcuka eziyedwa: uninzi lwayo aluyonyani. Kukho akukho nto intsha malunga "nengozi" kwaye ingcamango idume ngokungathembeki, kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokukhethiweyo. (Kwezi ntsuku, โingcuka yodwaโ ubukhulu becala iye yaba yindawo yokumela โabanqolobi abangamaSilamsi,โ nangona udidi ngokwalo lungabotshelelwanga kulo naluphi na uhlobo oluthile lweengcamango.) Okona kubi kakhulu, ukuqaqambisa kwayo mva nje kuvula indlela yokwanda kokuxhaphaza. kunye nezenzo zamapolisa ezichaseneyo nezenzo zokhuseleko lwesizwe, kubandakanywa ukungena kwabantu abambalwa kunye namatsha ntliziyo kunye nemisebenzi ehlabayo ethi irhintyele abasemngciphekweni. Ukongezelela, ukwahlulwa kwabantu abazimele geqe njengabanqolobi ekucingelwa ukuba baqhutywa ziingcamangoโekhohlo okanye ekunene, ezehlabathi okanye ezonquloโkudla ngokusitha ezinye izinto ezininzi ezinokubenza babandakanyeke kugonyamelo.
Njengalo lonke ulwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela, ubunqolobi bomntu ngamnye bumele umngcipheko wokwenene, onqabileyo kakhulu nomncinci kakhulu. Ayilohlobo lwento urhulumente anokuthi abe nakho ukwakha iinkqubo zokucupha ezintsha ngokupheleleyo, okanye azisebenzise njengesingxengxezo sokuthumela ii-arhente ukuba zingene ekuhlaleni. Iinkqubo zelizwe ngoku ezisetyenzwayo ukulwa ubunqolobi bengcuka eyodwa zinendlela yokubaxa kakhulu ukuxhaphaka kwayo kunye neengozi - kwaye ekugqibeleni zinokuyandisa ingxaki. Ukuba abantu baseMelika bavumele ngakumbi inkululeko yabo yoluntu njengembuyekezo "yokhuseleko" ngokuchasene neingcuka ezibodwa akuyi kuba lurhwebo; ibiya kuba bubuqhophololo.
I-Anatomy yeNgcuka
โUncwadiโ malunga nobunqolobi kunye nengcuka eyodwa kufuneka kujongwe kuyo ngokuthandabuza okunempilo. Ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, ikho imvumelwano encinci ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ubunqolobi; iyafana oyinyaniso yodidi lwengcuka eyodwa.
Kumajelo eendaba nakwizifundo zamva nje, into eyahlula umnqolobi oyingcuka kwisiganeko ngokubanzi ngumenzi wobubi. Iingcuka zodwa, ngokwenkcazo, ngabantu ababodwa, phantse rhoqo amadoda, rhoqo nge iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, abagqabhuka ngogonyamelo nxamnye nabantu abajoliswe kuko. Ubuncinane ngandlelโ ithile, zikhuthazwa yinkolelo. Umphandi uMichael Becker ichaza ngale ndlela: โUgonyamelo oluphenjelelwa ziingcamango, okanye ilinge logonyamelo, olwenziwa ngumntu oceba aze aphumeze uhlaselo ngaphandle kwentsebenziswano nabanye abantu okanye amaqela.โ Nangona ubungeke uyazi okwangoku eMelika, inkuthazo yohlaselo olunjalo inokuqhuba igamut ukusuka kwiinkolelo eziphefumlelweyo ezichasene nokuqhomfa ukuya kwi-white supremacism, ukusuka kumalungelo ezilwanyana ukuya kumbono wehlabathi ophefumlelwe yi-al-Qaeda.
Ngokutsho uncwadi, iingcuka eziziingcuka zodwa zikhethekile kwiingxelo zobugrogrisi ngenxa yokuba zizodwa eziceba nokwenza izenzo zazo. Abanayo ingcinezelo yoontanga okanye yeqela kwaye izenzo zabo zolwaphulo-mthetho zikhawulwa zize zibulawe ngaphandle koncedo. Ngale ndlela, bathwala a ukufana okuqinileyo kubadubuli besikolo ngabanye kunye nababulali abahlaselayo abantu baseMelika sele beqhelile.
Isizathu esivakalayo sokuba abantu abaninzi abanjalo baziphathe bodwa, ngokutsho kwabaphandi, kukoyika ukubhaqwa. Kwi "Imithetho yeNgcuka Eyedwa,โ ingcamango yokuba abamhlophe UTom Metzger wabhala: โOkukhona nabani na wangaphandle esazi, kokukhona uya kukhuseleka ngakumbi yaye uphumelele ngakumbi. Gcina umlomo wakho uvaliwe kwaye uvule iindlebe zakho. Ungaze uvume nantoni na. " (Ngaphambi kwe-9/11, ubunqolobi bengcuka eyodwa eMelika yayiyinto ephiko lasekunene.)
Oku akuthethi ukuba abantu abenza ubundlobongela bezopolitiko abathethi namntu phambi kokuba bahlasele. Uphando olutsha kwi-119 ye-actor eyodwa yabanqolobi e-United States naseYurophu, abaye bagwetyelwa ulwaphulo-mthetho olunjalo okanye bafa ngexesha labo, bafumanisa ukuba bahlala bevakalisa iinkolelo zabo ezigqithisileyo, izikhalazo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iinjongo zabo zobundlobongela kwabanye - ikakhulu abahlobo kunye nosapho okanye uluntu lwe-intanethi. Iindaba ezimnandi mazibe zezokuba usapho, izihlobo, kunye noogxa banokukwazi ukunceda ukuthintela abo basondeleyo kubo ukuba bangabandakanyeki kubundlobongela bezopolitiko ukuba, njengoluntu, besiya kusebenzisa amaqhinga okwakha ukuthembana komthetho eluntwini, ngakumbi abachaphazeleka. uluntu, kunoloyiko nokukrokra. (Kodwa unikwe irekhodi kule minyaka yokugqibela, musa ukubamba umoya wakho.)
Kwelinye icala, iindlela amapolisa kunye nelizwe lokhuseleko zibonakala ngathi ziyaphonononga ukujongana nalo mba - njengokuzama ukufumanisa ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwabantu oluya kujoyina amaqela obunqolobi okanye ukwenza iprofayili yeengcuka zodwa - aziyi kusebenza. Izizathu zokuba abantu bajoyine amaqela abanqolobi zezi inzima kakhulu, kwaye kuyafana nakubantu abanobundlobongela bezopolitiko abenza bodwa. Emva kokuphonononga ezo meko zili-119 zengcuka eyodwa, umzekelo, abaphandi bagqiba ngelithi, โKwakungekho ngxelo ifanayo yabanqolobi abadlala bodwa.โ Nokuba bekunokuvela "iprofayili", bongeze, bekungayi kuba yinto engenaxabiso: "[T] ukusebenzisa iprofayile enjalo bekungayi kuba yimfuneko kuba abantu abaninzi abangazibandakanyiyo kubugrogrisi bomdlali oyedwa baya kwabelana ngezi mpawu, ngelixa abanye bengenako kodwa basabandakanyeka kubunqolobi bomdlali oyedwa. "
Njengeqela, aba banqolobi abanjalo bahluka kwibutho labantu ngokubanzi ngendlela enye ebalulekileyo: phantse umntu omnye kwabathathu wafunyaniswa enesifo sengqondo okanye ukuphazamiseka kobuntu ngaphambi kokuba abandakanyeke kugonyamelo lwezobupolitika. Olunye uphando Ukugxila kubenzi bobubi abangama-98 base-US bafumanise ukuba malunga nama-40% babeneengxaki zempilo yengqondo eziqaphelekayo. Inani elithelekisekayo labemi ngokubanzi: 1.5%.
Ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu kangaka okuphazamiseka ngokwasengqondweni, kukho ithuba lokuhlaselwa komntu ngamnye kunokuthintelwa ukuba abantu abasemngciphekweni bafumana ukhathalelo lwempilo yengqondo abalufunayo ngaphambi kokuba baguquke ngobundlobongela.
Inyani vs. Fiction
Ngethamsanqa, yintoni eyenza ukuba iingcuka zodwa kube nzima ukuzibona kwangaphambili zibenza bangabi namandla xa bebetha.
Ngenxa yokuba abantu abanjalo bengenalo uthungelwano olukhulu lwenkxaso-mali kunye noqeqesho, kwaye banokuphazamiseka ngokunjalo, banokuba nesakhono esingaphantsi kakhulu esisetiweyo xa kuziwa ekuxhobeni okanye ekucwangciseni uhlaselo. Umphandi wobugrogrisi uRamon Spaaij weYunivesithi yaseVictoria yaseOstreliya yenza uvimba weenkcukacha kwezingama-88 ezichongiweyo iingcuka zodwa eziqhube uhlaselo phakathi kuka-1968 no-2010 kumazwe ali-15. Into ayifumeneyo kufuneka ilugxothe uloyiko ngoku olunxulunyaniswa nobunqolobi bengcuka eyodwa kwaye ke ngoko kucwangciswa korhulumente okwandayo kunye nokuzimisela okungaphaya kwayo.
U-Spaaij uchonge uhlaselo olupheleleyo lwe-198 ngabo badlali be-solo be-88 - nje i-1.8% yeziganeko ze-11,235 ezirekhodiweyo zobunqolobi kwihlabathi jikelele. Kuba iingcuka zodwa zingenalo ulwazi lokwakha iibhombu (njenge i-Unabhomber yenza), ngokuqhelekileyo baxhomekeke kwimipu kwaye bahlasele iithagethi ezithambileyo, ezinabantu abaninzi, apho ukuthotyelwa komthetho kusabela ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, i-Spaaij ifumene ukuba i-avareji yokufa yayiyi-.062 yokufa ngohlaselo ngalunye ngelixa amaphekula asekelwe kwiqela aphakathi kwabantu abayi-1.6 ngohlaselo ngalunye.
Ngaphakathi eUnited States, abantu abayi-136 basweleka ngenxa yohlaselo lwabanqolobi phakathi kwe-1940 kunye ne-2012 - ukufa ngakunye ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuyintlekele, kodwa kusekho inani elincinci xa lithelekiswa ne 14,000 ukubulala I-FBI inike ingxelo kunyaka ngamnye kule mihlanu idlulileyo. Ngamanye amazwi, akufanele ulahlekelwe bubuthongo ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwengcuka eyodwa. NjengomMelika, ithuba lokuba ufe kulo naluphi na uhlobo lobundlobongela lobunqolobi alinasiphelo. Enyanisweni, unjalo Amathuba amane angakumbi ukufa kukubethwa ngumbane. Ukuba kukho nantoni na, ukuphakama kwangoku kwesigrogrisi esinengcuka eyodwa ukuya kwimeko yoloyiko olukhoyo eWashington kudala uhlobo loloyiko kunye nokugqithisela kukarhulumente abafuna ukuxhokonxa abenzi bolu hlaselo.
Ukuba abanqolobi โbaliphupha elitsha lobubi,โ kungenxa yokuba sibavumela ukuba babe njalo.
ILone Wolf โ YamaSilamsi
Ngexesha likaDisemba ingxaki yokubamba kwindawo yokutyela eSydney, eOstreliya, eququzelelwe nguMan Haron Monis, umphambukeli waseIran, owayesakuba nguSekela Mlawuli weCIA uMichael Morell wayenoluqikelelo olubi: โ[Si]za kulubona olu hlobo lohlaselo apha,โ yena. xelelwe "CBS ngale ntsasa." Akufanelanga ukubamangalise abantu xa oku kusenzeka apha ngaxesha lithile kunyaka olandelayo okanye kunjalo, kuqinisekisiwe.
Oku kwakufana nokunyuka kwentetho yamva nje ngamagosa kunye namagosa angaphambili kurhulumente wokhuseleko lwesizwe xa kufikwa kolu hlobo loloyiko. Kodwa ingqikelelo kaMorell yayingeyontelekelelo kwaphela. Uhlaselo olunjalo lwenzeka apha. Ngokomzekelo, enye yayisonjululwe kwisithuba esingaphezu kwenyanga ngaphambili. UEric Matthew Frein yabanjwa ngosuku olungaphambi kweHalloween ngophendlo olunzulu kwiintaba zePocono zasePennsylvania emva ukudubula amajoni amabini karhulumente ngaphandle kwenkampu yamapolisa ephethe umpu we-sniper ngoSeptemba. IGosa uCorporal Bryon K. Dickson II wafa, ngoxa Trooper Alex T. Douglass wenzakala. UFrein, lowo ekuqaleni abasemagunyeni bambiza ngokuba "ngomntu osinde kurhulumente," ekugqibeleni wagwetywa ngezityholo ezimbini zobunqolobi emva kokuba exelele amapolisa ukuba ukudubula kwakuyindlela "vusa abantu.โ Bafumana neleta awayeyibhalele abazali bakhe isithi wayefuna โukubasa umliloโ kuba kuphela โolunye uguquko olunokusibuyisela kwinkululeko esasinayo ngaphambili.โ
Ubundlobongela bomntu ngamnye obufana nolu, nokuba bubizwa ngokuba bubugrogrisi okanye akunjalo, asinto intsha. Ijongiwe amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle koloyiko, uloyiko, kunye namanyathelo asungulwayo namhlanje. Emva koko, ngokutsho kwe-Spaaij, phakathi kwe-1968 kunye ne-2010, 45% kulo lonke uhlaselo lwabanqolobi olurekhodiweyo kumazwe ali-15 lwenzeka eUnited States.
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko uSpaaij kunye neqabane lakhe lophando uMark Hamm bafumanisa, la manani adumbile ngokucacileyo. Isizathu silula: kubandakanyiwe kuzo zininzi imizekelo yezenzo zobunqolobi โzomntu ngamnyeโ eziphenjelelwe ziingcamango zesimbo se-al-Qaeda ezithe eneneni zaba nesiphumo sokunyanzeliswa komthetho okanye amacebo oncedo. U-Spaaij no-Hamm bafumanisa ukuba ubuncinane i-15 kwezi zenzekile phakathi kuka-2001 kunye no-2013. Kuzo, umenzi wobubi "oyedwa" ngokwenene uya kubandakanyeka, kwaye ngokufuthi ayalelwa okanye akhuthazwe, ngumsebenzi karhulumente okanye i-arhente efihlakeleyo. Oku kongeza malunga ne-25% yeemeko ze-post-9/11 ze-wolfism eyedwa e-US, nangona ileyibhile ayichanekanga phantsi kweemeko. Oku kukulunywa kukarhulumente, okunganyusi nje inani lezehlo zobunqolobi e-US, kodwa kugxininise ngokulinganayo kunyanzeliso lomthetho kuluntu lwamaMuslim aseMelika.
Umzekelo ombi yayiyimeko kaRezwan Ferdaus, indoda yaseMassachusetts eneminyaka engama-26 ubudala nengumSilamsi waseMerika. I-FBI yamhlutha ngo-2011 ngokwenza iyelenqe kunye neearhente ezifihlakeleyo zokwakha iidrones eziqhumayo eziphuma kwiinqwelomoya ezilawulwa kude ukuba zibhabhe kwiPentagon kunye neCapitol Building. Enyanisweni, eli yayiliyelenqe elenziwe ngurhulumente, yaye uFerdaus wayengeyongcuka yodwa. (Wayengakwazi ukuyicinga le nto okanye ukuyithwala yedwa.) I-FBI yayingahoyi iimpawu ezicacileyo zokuba injongo yabo yayingengomgrogrisi, kodwa indoda egula ngengqondo, ewohloka ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, wayebizwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokuthi a Ingcuka eyodwa ngokuthotyelwa komthetho namajelo eendaba. Ehlawuliswa ngokunika inkxaso yezinto eziphathekayo kubanqolobi, ngo-2012, wagwetywa iminyaka eyi-17 entolongweni.
Ngokwahlukileyo, xa ingcuka ecacileyo ingengomSilamsi okanye elinye igcuntswana, akafane afumane ileyibhile yobunqolobi exhonywe kuye ngurhulumente, abeendaba, okanye iingcali zokhuseleko. Thatha uJames von Brunn, umntu omhlophe owabulala unogada kwi-United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. NgokweSebe lezoKhuseleko lweLizwe, lo mthetho unalo akukho nxibelelwano kubugrogrisi, nangona yayiphenjelelwa ngokwembono, njengoko elinye igosa le-FBI lavumayo.
Or UFrancis Grady, owazama ukutshisa ikliniki eCwangcisiweyo yobuzali eGrand Chute, eWisconsin, ngo-2012, kuba, njengoko waxelela ijaji yenkundla yesithili yase-US, โBabulala iintsana apho.โ UGrady naye akazange abekwe ityala lobunqolobi. Xa ebuzwa ukuba kutheni, uMncedisi weGqwetha laseMelika uWilliam Roach wathi uGrady uzame ukutshisa igumbi elingenamntu kwisakhiwo esingenanto.
Thelekisa ezo mpendulo kwityala likaZale Thompson, indoda yase-Afrika yaseMelika eyayiphazamisekile eyahlasela amapolisa amane kwisiXeko saseNew York ngo-Okthobha nge-hatchet. Kusuku nje emva kohlaselo, uMkomishinala wamaPolisa uBill Bratton wathi, โNdikhululeke kakhulu olu ibiluhlaselo lwabanqolobi, ngokuqinisekileyo.โ Ubungqina obucacileyo: UThompson wayesandula ukuguqukela kwiSilamsi owayetyelele iiwebhusayithi ezinxulumene namaqela abanqolobi afana ne-al-Qaeda kunye ne-ISIS.
Njengoko uGlenn Greenwald enzile ikhonjwe ngaphandle, โUbugrogrisi lelona gama ngaxeshanye lingenantsingiselo nelisetyenziswayo kwisichazi-magama sezopolitiko saseMelika.โ Kunokutshiwo okufanayo ngoguqulelo lwayo lwengcuka eyodwa. Ayimangalisi into yokuba, ngoku sele iyafana nokuba ngumSilamsi kunye nenye into encinci, ebeka amaSilamsi aseMelika amabala kwaye yenza ukuba uluntu lwabo lujolise kubuchule bonyanzeliso lomthetho, kubandakanya ne-FBI-style sting operations and great, intrusive. ukucupha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umphandi omnye wobugrogrisi ichazwe iingcuka zodwa "njengabantu abalandela iinjongo zobunqolobi abangamaSilamsi bodwa." Ngokwenyani, amaSilamsi awanakho ukuzimela geqe kubugrogrisi bengcuka eyodwa kunokuba benza ngobunqolobi ngokubanzi.
Iimpendulo ezichaseneyo
Okwangoku, impendulo kwi-lone-wolf hullabaloo, njengenye into eninzi kule minyaka yamva nje, isisehla ngakumbi kwindlela eya kwilizwe lamapolisa aseMelika. Impendulo enye karhulumente, ngoku igxininiswa kwakhona, iza (ewe kunjalo!) kunye ne-acronym yayo: ukulwa neembono ezibaxiweyo ezinobundlobongela, okanye CVE.
Inkqubo, ebhengezwe kwi-2011, ijolise ekusebenzisaneni noluntu - phantse kuphela amaSilamsi asebenzayo - egameni lokuthintela ubugrogrisi. Enye yeendlela uluntu olunokwenza ngayo oku kukudala iindawo ezikhuselekileyo apho abantu banokuxoxa ngezopolitiko kunye nenkolo ngaphandle koloyiko lokuncathamela abameli bakarhulumente. Nangona kunjalo amalungu alo luntu lunye aya kukhuthazwa ukuba anike ingxelo kwabasemagunyeni malunga noko kuthethiweyo kwaye ngabo kwiinzame zokuchonga abo basemngciphekweni wokuba ngoontamo-lukhuni abanobundlobongela, nokuba bebodwa okanye bedibene nabanye. Uluntu lwamaSilamsi aseMelika sele lunamava okuhlatywa ngurhulumente kunye nokungeniswa ngabantu abanolwazi, kwaye ukunika amalungu oluntu umsebenzi ukuba anike ingxelo kwabasemagunyeni akubonakali kwahluka kakhulu kunokubeka ngqo iiarhente phakathi kwabo.
Ukuba injongo ye-CVE kukwakha amandla phakathi koluntu ukuthintela ubundlobongela nobunqolobi, eyedwa okanye ngenye indlela, ngoko ke ii-arhente ezifana nezeMpilo kunye neeNkonzo zoLuntu kunye neSebe leMfundo kufuneka zikhokele indlela. Banokubonelela ngeenkonzo zempilo yengqondo kunye nempilo yengqondo kunye nezixhobo zemfundo - kulo lonke uluntu endaweni yokukhetha abathile ngokusekelwe kwinkolo, ubuhlanga, okanye ubuhlanga. Endaweni yoko, akumangalisi ukuba i-White House ibeke iSebe lezoKhuseleko lweLizwe, iSebe lezoBulungisa, kunye ne-FBI ejongene nokuqhuba iinkqubo zayo ze-CVE, ngelixa igxininisa indima yokulungelelanisa ii-Ofisi zamaGqwetha ase-US. Abantu baseMelika bamaSilamsi ilungile ngokwaneleyo Eli lungiselelo, ngakumbi kwindlela ezi mpahla zisanda kujolisa kwiinkolelo zonqulo njengesiseko sokurhanelwa kwaye, ubuncinci kwimeko ye-FBI, zenze amayelenqe oloyiko ngokuxhaphaza abagulayo kunye nabo basesichengeni.
Ezinye izisombululo ezicetywayo kwingxaki โyengcuka eyedwaโ azicaluli nangakumbi.
Kwi incwadi yakutshanje, owayesakuba ngumhlalutyi we-RAND Corporation uJeffrey Simon unikezela ngoluhlu lweendlela zobuchwepheshe ezinokuthi zichonge ingcuka kwimpahla yegusha ngaphambi kokuba ihlasele. Ezi ziqhelekileyo zexesha lethu kwaye zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa okuxhaphakileyo kweekhamera zokucupha ezisebenza kwi-Intanethi, kunye nokujonga okusebenzayo, nokungakrokriyo kwe-Intanethi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yeendaba zentlalo. Enye indlela eyandayo yokuthandwa ayicebisayo kukwandiswa kwengqokelela yebhayometriki, oko kuthetha ukuba urhulumente uya kuhlanganisa iimpawu zebhayoloji ezikhethekileyo kumntu ngamnye, ezinje ngemilinganiselo yobuso kunye neDNA, ngaphandle kobungqina besenzo esigwenxa.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba indlela enjalo-kwaye iqhelekile kwindlela ukhuseleko lwesizwe kunye nonyanzeliso lomthetho oluthathileyo kule minyaka-luya kubonisa uhlaselo olusisiseko kuluntu olukhululekileyo. Ezo "countermeasures" kufuneka zithumele ukungcangcazela phantsi komqolo wakho. USimon ubonakala ekubona oku, ebhala, โImiba yabucala kuya kufuneka iqwalaselwe, kubandakanya nokuvuma koluntu ukuba nembonakalo yobuso, intshukumo yamehlo, izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo, iipateni zokuphefumla, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezithathwe zizinzwa ezintsonkothileyo naphi na apho ziya khona ngokulandelelana. ukuze isigqibo senziwe ngabanye malunga nokuba yintoni na kungenzeka uzimisele ukwenza.โ
Iingozi kubantu baseMelika ekuvumeleni ii-arhente zikarhulumente ukuba ziqokelele ulwazi olusondeleyo olunjalo ukuze kufumaniseke ukuba ngaba kukho naziphi na kuzo ezinokwenzeka iingcuka zodwa kufuneka zicace ngokwemigaqo yokutshatyalaliswa kwabucala, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Isiphumo siya kuba lilizwe le-Orwellian kunye nomntu ongenathemba ngokwemiqathango yokhuseleko. Sele kucacile ukuba akukho nanye kwezi โzisombululoโ zeteknoloji ezibizayo neziphucukileyo ziya kusebenza. Ukuziphatha okumsulwa ngokupheleleyo (โiingcamango zobuxokiโ) kuya koyisa ukoyikisa ngokwenene. Ezinye zezi ndlela, njengeekhamera zokucupha, zinokunceda umenzi wobubi emva kolwaphulo-mthetho, ngelixa ezinye, njengokuzama. ukuchonga oya kubandakanyeka kubugrogrisi ngolwimi lomzimba wakhe, uya kuba negalelo ngakumbi kwi iqonga lokhuseleko urhulumente uqhube ukusukela nge-9/11.
Nangona kunjalo, ukungasebenzi kwelizwe lokhuseleko olungenelelayo akusayi kubanqanda abalandeli balo ekutyhaleni amandla angakumbi kunye neendlela zolawulo ezihlala zingenelela. โKufuneka sibekeโฆ ecaleniโฆ bonke abophayo-intliziyo, abantu abachanekileyo ngokwezopolitiko abathi asinakugxininisa eluntwini ngaphezulu komnye,โ VICE. catshulwa UCongressman Peter King njengoko esitsho kwi imbonakalo yerediyo. Usoyikiso, wongeze, "sivela kuluntu lwamaSilamsi kwaye lubonisa ukuba [iSebe lamaPolisa aseNew York] kunye [nowayesakuba ngumkomishinala wamapolisa] uRay Kelly babenyanisile iminyaka emininzi xa babeziindawo ezigcweleyo apho babecinga ukuba isoyikiso sasikuyo. evela.โ
I-NYPD eyayikade iyimfihlo inkqubo yokucupha engakrokrelekiyo U-King ubhekisa kuyo-yasuka eConnecticut ukuya ePennsylvania-ayizange ivelise nanye isikhokelo sobunqolobi, kuncinci ukugwetywa. โYayiyimpumeleloโ kwinto enye kuphela: ukwenza uluntu lwamaSilamsi aseMelika kwindawo enkulu yemetropolitan bazive ngathi bangqingwe kwaye batshabalalisa ubudlelwane bokuthembana phakathi kwabo namapolisa.
Njengoko uKumkani ebonisa, abantu abathembisa ukukhusela ubomi bethu kunye nenkululeko yethu bahlala befana nabakhala ingcuka. Xa abelusi abanjengaba begada umhlambi, iingcuka zisenokuba secaleni kwengongoma.
U-Matthew Harwood ngumbhali/umhleli ophezulu we-ACLU kwaye uphethe i-M.Litt. kwiziFundo zoKhuseleko lwaMazwe ngaMazwe kwiYunivesithi yaseSt. Andrews eSkotlani. Umsebenzi wakhe ubonakale Al Jazeera eMelika, i I-American Conservative, i Guardian, Guernica, show, Imfazwe iyadika, kwaye i Washington ngenyanga. Ukwanguye a TomDispatch njalo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela