Ngo-1787, njengoko uMgaqo-siseko wawuyilwa eFiladelphia, uThomas Jefferson wavunyelwa eParis njengomphathiswa wesizwe esincinci, esingachazwanga eFransi. Esuka kude wayebhalelana nomba wokuba yintoni efunekayo kulawulo olunempumelelo lwedemokhrasi. Ukusekwa koshicilelo lwasimahla kwakuyinkxalabo ephambili. UJefferson wabhala:
Indlela yokuthintela oku kungenelwa kwabantu kungafanelekanga kukunika ulwazi olupheleleyo ngemicimbi yabo ngomjelo wamaphepha oluntu, kunye nokuqulunqa ukuba loo maphepha afanele agqobhoze kwinkitha yabantu iphela. Isiseko soorhulumente bethu luluvo lwabantu, eyona nto yokuqala kufuneka ibe kukugcina oko kulungile; kwaye ukuba bekushiyeke kum ukuba ndithathe isigqibo sokuba sifanele sibe norhulumente ongenamaphephandaba, okanye amaphephandaba angenaye urhulumente, akufanele ndithandabuze umzuzu ukukhetha lowo wamva. Kodwa ndimele ndithethe ukuba indoda nganye ifanele iwafumane loo maphepha kwaye ibe nako ukuyifunda.
KuJefferson, ukuba nelungelo lokuthetha ngaphandle kokulawulwa ngurhulumente yimeko efunekayo kodwa enganelanga kushicilelo olukhululekileyo kwaye ngoko ke idemokhrasi, ekwafuna ukuba kubekho uluntu olufundileyo, inkqubo yokushicilela esebenzayo kunye nokufikelela ngokulula kolu shicilelo ngabantu.
Kodwa kutheni, ngokuchanekileyo, yayiyinto enje kuJefferson? Kwakule leta inye, wayincoma imibutho yaseMerika ngokungabi naklasi kwaye yonwabile, kwaye uyayigxeka imibutho yaseYurophuโefana neFransi awayezibonela ngawakhe ngobusuku benguquko yayoโngokuqinisekileyo ngokuchaseneyo nayo. UJefferson uchaze indima ephambili yoshicilelo ngokwemigangatho yeklasi xa wayechaza indima yawo ekuthinteleni ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokulawulwa kwabahluphekayo ngabatyebi:
Phakathi [kwemibutho yaseYurophu], phantsi kwenkwalambisa yolawulo iye yahlula izizwe zayo zaziindidi ezimbini, iingcuka neegusha. andizibaxi. Lo ngumfanekiso wokwenyani waseYurophu. Wuxabise ke ngoko umoya wabantu bethu, kwaye uyigcine iphila ingqalelo yabo. Musa ukuba ngqongqo kakhulu kwiziphoso zabo, kodwa babuyise ngokubakhanyisela. Ukuba bathe bangayihoyi imicimbi yoluntu, mna nawe, kunye neCongress, kunye nee-Assemblies, abagwebi kunye neerhuluneli ziya kuba ziingcuka. Kubonakala ngathi ngumthetho wendalo yethu ngokubanzi, ngaphandle kokukhetha komntu ngamnye; kwaye amava avakalisa ukuba umntu kuphela kwesilwanyana esiqwenga uhlobo lwakhe, kuba andinakusebenzisa igama elithambileyo koorhulumente baseYurophu, nakwixhoba jikelele lezityebi kumahlwempu.
Ngamafutshane, amajelo eendaba anoxanduva lokujongela phantsi umkhwa wendalo wokulawula ipolitiki, ukuvula iingcango zorhwaphilizo, ukunciphisa inkitha yabantu ekubeni bangabi namandla kwaye ekugqibeleni baphelise ukuzilawula.
UJefferson wayengeyedwanga. Kwiriphabliki yamandulo, kungekho mpikiswano, urhulumente wamisela inkxaso-mali enkulu yeposi neyokushicilela ukuze afumane inkqubo yokushicilela esebenzayo. Kwakungekho ntelekelelo yokuba icandelo labucala beliwulungele umsebenzi ngaphandle kolu tyalo-mali. Kwinkulungwane yokuqala yembali yaseMelika, uninzi lwamaphephandaba asasazwa ngeposi, kwaye intlawulo yePosi yokuhanjiswa kwamaphephandaba yayincinci kakhulu. Amaphephandaba enza i-90 ukuya kwi-95 yepesenti ye-traffic elinganisiweyo, kodwa abonelele kuphela i-10 ukuya kwi-12 ekhulwini yengeniso yayo.
Njengoko uJefferson waphawulayo kuvavanyo lwakhe lwemeko ngo-1787, elinye iqela liyaxhamla ngokuqinisekileyo ngenxa yokunqongophala kobuntatheli kunye nokungalingani kolwazi: abo balawula uluntu. Iibhanki zaseWall Street, iinkampani zamandla, iifemu zeinshorensi yezempilo, iikontraka zokhuselo kunye namashishini ezolimo ziziingcuka zaseJefferson. Akukho namnye kubo onqwenela ubuntatheli obuza kubandakanya abavoti kwaye butsalele amahlwempu kunye nabasebenzi kwinkqubo yezopolitiko. Basenokungatsho esidlangalaleni, kodwa izenzo zabo zithetha ngaphezu kwamazwi. Ubuntatheli? Hayi enkosi.
Ukuplaga WikiLeaks
Ubungakanani bentlekele kubuntatheli abuxatyiswanga luninzi lwabantu baseMelika, kubandakanya neendaba ezininzi ezinobuzaza kunye nezopolitiko. Esona sizathu sinokuba yi-Intanethi ngokwayo. Kuba abantu abaninzi bazigubungela kwiindawo zabo zeendaba abazithandayo kwaye bafikelele kwimathiriyeli eninzi kwi-Intanethi, bade bangene โkumsila omde,โ indlela esiphila ngayo kuleyo umhleli wegqala uTom Stites athi โintlango yeendabaโ ifihliwe. Ngapha koko, besebenzisa iiwebhusayithi eziphikisayo, amajelo eendaba ezentlalo kunye nee-smartphones, abaphembeleli ngamanye amaxesha baye โbadlule abagcini-masangoโ kwinto WesizweUJohn Nichols ubiza "inkqubo yemidiya elandelayo." Ixabiso layo liyancomeka ngamaxesha oqhanqalazo lukawonke-wonke kunye nezidubedube, kodwa ubuxoki bokuba oku kubumba ubuntatheli obanelisayo bukhula ngokuncipha. Akukho nto ibonisa imeko ngcono kunokukhululwa ngu WikiLeaks Inani elikhulu lamaxwebhu ayimfihlo karhulumente wase-US phakathi kuka-2009 kunye no-2011. Kwabanye obu buntatheli obuphandayo bungcono kakhulu, kwaye i-WikiLeaks ibonise ukuba i-intanethi iphezulu kangakanani njengomthombo wolwazi. Yayibagrogrisa ngokucacileyo abo baphetheyo, ngoko le yayiluhlobo kanye lweSine Estate esifunwa ngabantu abakhululekileyo. Enkosi kwi-Intanethi, abanye bathi, ngoku besikhululeke ngenene kwaye sinamandla okwenza iinkokheli ziphendule.
Ngapha koko, isiqendu seWikiLeaks sibonisa ngokuchanekileyo ngokuchaseneyo. I-WikiLeaks yayingengombutho wentatheli. Ikhuphe amaxwebhu ayimfihlo eluntwini, kodwa "amaxwebhu aphelelwe ngamandla kwi-Intanethi kwaye afika eluntwini kuphela xa ebhalwe ziintatheli ezichwephesha," njengoko intatheli uHeather Brooke isitsho. "Impahla ekrwada iyodwa yayinganelanga." Ubuntatheli bekufuneka bunike ukuthembeka kwezinto, kwaye iintatheli kwafuneka zenze umsebenzi onzima wokuphonononga lo mbandela kunye nokuwuhlalutya ukufumanisa ukuba uthetha ukuthini. Oko kwakufuna iintatheli ezihlawulwayo nezisisigxina ezinenkxaso yeziko. I-United States inezimbalwa kakhulu kwezi, kwaye ezo inazo zinamathele ngokusondeleyo kwisakhiwo samandla, ngoko ke ininzi yezinto eziphathekayo ayikafundwa kwaye ishwankathelwe kubaphulaphuli abadumileyo-kwaye ayinakuze ibekho ebomini bethu.
Ngaphezu koko, bekungekho buntatheli obuzimeleyo bokuphendula xa urhulumente wase-US esungula i-PR eyimpumelelo kunye ne-media blitz ukugxeka i-WikiLeaks. Ingqwalasela ubukhulu becala iye yasuswa kumxholo wala maxwebhu yaya kumabango agqwesileyo nangenabungqina bokuba iWikiLeaks ibidla ubomi obumsulwa, kwaye kujongwe ngqo kwinkokeli yeWikiLeaks uJulian Assange. Umbhali wemihlathi uGlenn Greenwald wayezibaxa nje kancinane xa wathi, "Kwakukho malunga nemvumelwano epheleleyo nepheleleyo yokuba iWikiLeaks yayikaSathana." Uhlaselo lwalahlwa kwaye lwahlukanisiwe kwi-WikiLeaks, ngaphandle komxholo omangalisayo onokufunyanwa kumaxwebhu e-WikiLeaks epapashiwe. Inqaku yayikukufumana abahleli baseMelika kunye neentatheli ukuba bacinge kabini ngaphambi kokuvula umnyango weWikiLeaks. Isebenzile.
Ukhuseleko oluninzi
Kubonakala kucacile ukuba i-Intanethi ivuselela ngokwenene idemokhrasi yaseMelika, njengoko ababhiyozeli besitsho, ithatha indlela ejikelezayo. Isandla sobungxowankulu sibonakala sinzima kwaye sinzima kwivili lokuqhuba, sisithatha sisiya kwiindawo ezikude negridi yedemokhrasi, kwaye akukho ndawo apho ukungaphumeleli kwe-Intanethi kucace ngakumbi okanye izikhonkwane eziphezulu kunezobuntatheli.
I-Intanethi kunye nenguqu ebanzi yedijithali ayimiselwanga ngokungenakuphikiswa bubugcisa; zibunjwa yindlela uluntu olukhetha ngayo ukubaphuhlisa. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo, indlela yethu yophuhliso ekhethiweyo iya kusibumba kunye noluntu lwethu, mhlawumbi ngokumangalisayo. Kufanele ukuba sixoxa ngenani lemiba yemigaqo-nkqubo kwaye sicebisa uhlobo lohlaziyo olunokuthi lubeke i-Intanethi kunye noluntu lwethu kwindlela eyahluke kakhulu, iguqule iMelika ibengcono kwaye iyenze uluntu olunedemokhrasi ngakumbi. Ukanti akukho nalunye kolu tshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo olunethuba ngenxa yorhwaphilizo lwenkqubo yokwenziwa komgaqo-nkqubo.
Le meko ayibangelwanga liyelenqe, kodwa ivela kwingqiqo ebonakalayo, engaphoxekiyo yobukapitali buqu. I-Capitalism yinkqubo esekelwe kubantu abazama ukwenza inzuzo engapheliyo ngayo nayiphi na indlela eyimfuneko. Unga ze babe kakhulu. Ukubawa okungapheliyoโukuziphatha okugqalwa njengempambano kuyo yonke imibutho engalawulwa ngoongxowa-nkuluโyinkqubo yexabiso yabo bakwinqanaba eliphezulu kwezoqoqosho. I-ethos igatya ngokucacileyo nakuphi na ukuxhalaba malunga neengxaki zentlalo, okanye "zangaphandle."
Oongxowankulu bahlala bekhangela iindawo ezintsha zokwenza inzuzo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha oko kubandakanya ukuthatha into ebiyintabalala kwaye inqabe. Ngoko ke ikwi-Intanethi. Ulwazi olukuyo lusimahla, kodwa umdla wezorhwebo uyasebenza ukuze unqongophele. Ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba baphumelele, i-GDP ingakhula, kodwa uluntu luya kuba luhlwempu.
Khawunqumame ucinge ukuba irevolution yedijithali ihambe kangakanani ukusuka kwiintsuku ze-halcyon zoo-1980s nasekuqaleni koo-1990 ukuya apho ikhoyo namhlanje. Abantu babecinga ukuba i-Intanethi yayiza kubonelela ngofikelelo lwasimahla lwehlabathi ngoko nangoko kulo lonke ulwazi lwabantu. Iya kuba ngummandla ongengoworhwebo, inqanaba loluntu lokwenyani, elikhokelela kulwazi olubanzi loluntu, uluntu olunamandla kunye nentatho-nxaxheba enkulu yezopolitiko. Iza kuvakala njengelizwi lokufa kukungalingani okuxhaphakileyo kunye nokuphathwa kakubi kwezopolitiko, kunye nokulawulwa kwenkampani. Umsebenzi uya kuba ngosebenzayo ngakumbi, ubandakanya, usebenzisana kunye nobuntu. Ngokuchaseneyo noko, kwinto ebonakala ngathi yonke into enokwenzeka, i-Intanethi iye yathengiswa, inelungelo lokushicilela, inelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza, yenziwe yabucala, ihlolwe idatha kwaye yenziwa yodwa; ukunqongophala kudaliwe. Olunye uphando luka-2012 lugqibe kwelokuba itekhnoloji yedijithali, kude nokunciphisa umthwalo wemisebenzi, yenze ukuba kube lula ukuba umsebenzi oqhelekileyo waseMelika abonelele kangangenyanga enesiqingatha sexesha elongezelelekileyo elingahlawulwanga ngonyaka, ngokusebenzisa ii-smartphones kunye neekhompyuter zabo ukusebenza ngazo zonke iiyure ngelixa. ngaphandle kwendawo yokusebenza: โPhantse isiqingatha bavakalelwa kukuba akukho nto banokuyenza.โ Uqoqosho luphakanyiswe ngama-gazillionaires aphumelele ekudaleni i-fiefdoms yedijithali kunye nokongeza kwi-GDP, kodwa ubutyebi boluntu buncinci kakhulu. Ubutyebi bethu bolwazi bufikeleleka ngokwandayo kuphela ngokungena kwiigadi ezibiyelwe ngeendonga zolawulo lobunikazi kwiinkqubo zokubeka amaxabiso zodwa. Ukuze benze i-Internet ibe ngumgodi wegolide wobukapitali, abantu baye bancama kungekuphela nje ukuba ngasese kwaboโnabathandabuzayo, ubuntu baboโkodwa uninzi lwezithembiso ezinkulu ezazibonakala zinokwenzeka ngaphambili.
Ukuphumelela nayiphi na imilo yomgaqo-nkqubo we-Intanethi kuya kufuna intshukumo ebanzi yezopolitiko ekhuthazwa yi-ajenda yenkqubela phambili, hayi enye egxile kwi-Intanethi okanye kumajelo eendaba. Kulapho kuphela apho kuya kubakho amanani amakhulu anokwenzeka ukoyisa amandla emali enkulu. Njengoko umququzeleli woluntu odumileyo uSaul Alinsky ebeka, ekuphela kwento enokubetha imali ehleliweyo ngabantu abalungelelanisiweyo, uninzi lwabo.
Ngamaxesha โaqhelekileyo,โ iintshukumo ezinjalo ubukhulu becala ziyintelekelelo eUnited States. Uqoqosho lwezopolitiko lube nempumelelo ngokwaneleyo ukunqanda ukuthontelana kwenkcaso ethandwayo. Kodwa la ayingomaxesha aqhelekileyo, kwaye siya sihambela kude nesiqhelo suku ngalunye oludlulayo. Inye imfuno yokujonga kuphela uqhanqalazo olukhulu luka-2011-izinto esingazange sizibone kumashumi eminyaka-ngokuchasene nokungalingani okuxhaphakileyo, ulawulo lweshishini kwezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko, ulwamkelo olunjengokufa lobungqongqo, imfazwe engapheliyo, kunye noqoqosho oludodobalisayo lwezopolitiko. ayinamsebenzi ocacileyo kubantu abatsha, abasebenzi okanye indalo.
Usoqoqosho owawongwa ngembasa yeNobel uJoseph Stiglitz wawuthimba umoya wemibutho yoqhanqalazo e-United States nakwihlabathi liphela ngo-2012:
Oyena nobangela wolu qhankqalazo yayizizikhalazo ezindala ezathi zathatha iindlela ezintsha kunye nokungxamiseka okutsha. Kwakukho uvakalelo olubanzi lokuba kukho undonakele kwinkqubo yethu yezoqoqosho, nenkqubo yezopolitiko ngokunjalo, kuba endaweni yokulungisa inkqubo yethu yezoqoqosho, yomeleza ukusilela. Umsantsa okhoyo phakathi koko ifanele ukwenziwa yinkqubo yethu yezoqoqosho neyezobupolitikaโoko saxelelwa ukuba yakwenzaโyaye oko eneneni ikwenza waba mkhulu kakhulu ukuba singahoywa. โฆ iinqobo ezisemgangathweni jikelele zenkululeko nobulungisa ziye zancama ukubawa kwabambalwa.
Abo baxhalabele ngokuyintloko ngemigaqo-nkqubo ye-Intanethi kwaye bayathandabuza ukuncamathela iinzwane zabo kumanzi anzulu ezopolitiko kufuneka baqonde ubume bamaxesha ethu. Eli asiloxesha lesiqhelo, xa inkqubo iqinisekisiwe kwaye abahlaziyi bafuna intsikelelo yabo basemagunyeni ukuze baphumelele uhlaziyo olungephi. Inkqubo iyasilela, imigaqo-nkqubo eqhelekileyo kunye namaziko aye ajongelwa phantsi kwaye utshintsho olusisiseko lwendlela ethile okanye olunye lunokwenzeka, ngcono okanye okubi.
Ngaba umntu unokuyiguqula i-Intanethi kwaye ayenze ibe lulutho kuluntu ngobukhapitali lusahleli? Iteknoloji yezolwazi yenza malunga nama-40 epesenti yotyalo-mali lwabucala olungahlaliyo e-U.S., luphinda kane inani kwiminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo. Iinkampani ezinxulumene ne-Intanethi ngoku zibandakanya phantse isiqingatha seefemu ezinkulu ezingama-30 eU.S. ngokwexabiso lemarike. Ukuba umntu ucela umngeni kumalungelo ezigebenga ze-Intanethi, zingena kwikhathekizim nangona kunjalo, umntu ucela umngeni kwelona candelo liphambili lobungxowankulu obukhoyo ngenene.
Lo ngumbuzo obalulekileyo, kwakhona, kwabo bathe banika ingqwalaselo encinci kwimigaqo-nkqubo ye-Intanethi kodwa bexhalabile ngokungekho sikweni, intlupheko, ukungalingani kunye norhwaphilizo. Ngamanye amaxesha, umntu uye avakalelwe phakathi kwamatsha ntliziyo anjalo imbono yababhiyozeli yokuba ubugcisa bedijithali bunokwenza uqoqosho olutsha longxowankulu oluphezulu kakhulu kwaye iingxilimbela ezikhoyo ze-Intanethi zingamahlakani, hayi iintshaba, ekudaleni ubungxowankulu obutsha obunobuhlobo obuya kuhambisa iimpahla. Ingqiqo ivakala: Kwixesha elidlulileyo, utyalo-mali olukhulu kwiindlela zikaloliwe kunye neemoto (kunye nemizi-mveliso ephumayo enxulumeneyo) yaqhubela lonke ixesha lobungxowankulu ukuya kumazinga aphezulu okukhula kunye nemigangatho yokuphila. Xa ubona utyalo-mali olukhulu kwitekhnoloji yolwazi, umntu uyazibuza ukuba kutheni ingenakuphinda ibe njalo, kwaye ngeli xesha ngaphandle komonakalo wokusingqongileyo? Ingxaki ilula: Ngaphandle kwamabango angapheliyo malunga ne-capitalism enkulu entsha ejikeleze umbulelo kwitekhnoloji yedijithali, kukho ubungqina obuncinci bokubuxhasa. Ngokukodwa, izigebenga ze-Intanethi zibandakanya i-13 kwezingama-30 iifemu zexabiso zase-US, kodwa zenza ezine kwabangama-30 abaqeshi abakhulu babucala. Kukho ngokucacileyo imali eninzi kwabo baphezulu-abafuna ukuyigcina ngaloo ndlela-kodwa ubungqina obuncinane bokuba idlula izibonelelo phantsi kwekhonkco lokutya. Ngokuchasene noko.
Iinzame zokuguqula okanye ukuthatha indawo yobukhapitali kodwa zishiye izigebenga ze-Intanethi zikhwele phezulu aziyi kuguqula okanye zithabathe indawo yobukhapitali esele ikho ngokwenene. Iingxilimbela ze-Intanethi azikho amandla anenkqubela. Iingeniso zabo ezinkulu zisisiphumo samalungelo awodwa, iziphumo zenethiwekhi, urhwebo, abasebenzi abaxhatshaziweyo, kunye nenani lemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kunye nenkxaso. Imodeli yokukhula kwezigebenga ze-Intanethi, njengoko omnye umhlalutyi ophambili wamashishini esitsho, "kukuvuna ipropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda," oko kukuthi, ukwenza kunqongophele oko kufanele ukuba kuninzi.
Imiba ye-Intanethi kunye nemidiya kufuneka ibe sembindini walo naluphi na uvukelo lwedemokhrasi oluthembekileyo. Xa kujongwe indlela inguqu yedijithali ingena ngayo kwaye ichaza phantse zonke iinkalo zobomi bethu bentlalo, nayiphi na enye ikhosi iya kuba yinto engekhoyo.
Kwinani elandayo labantu, le ngqiqo icebisa into enye: Lixesha lokucingisisa nzulu ngokusekwa koqoqosho olutsha. โInkqubo yobukapitali yakwazi ukuphumelela, ukuqhubekeka nokuphuma, ebudeni benkulungwane ye-18, ye-19, neyama-20,โ UJerry Mander wabhala kwi-2012. "Kodwa ngoku ayisasebenzi, ayinakuguqulwa, kwaye iya iyonakalisa." Ubukhapitali โbabenosuku lwabo. Ukuba sikhathalele ikamva labantu nendalo, lixesha lokuba siqhubeke. โ
Izigqibo zikaMander zibangela umsindo omangalisayo kwi-United States yanamhlanje. Ubukhapitali buye baba yinto uMander ayibiza ngokuba โluhlobo โlwendlela yesithathuโ yezobupolitikaโeyalelweyo ukuba ichukunyiswe.โ Uyavuma ukuba, โKuhlala kulungile ukugxeka iinkalo ezithile zale nkqubo,โ kodwa inkqubo yobukapitali ngokwayo โiphila ngokusisigxina, njengonqulo, isipho sikaThixo, esingenakusilela.โ Isizathu sicacile: Abo balawulayo abayinqweneli inkqubo ebenza babe namandla ukuba bathandabuzeke. Ukugcina i-capitalism ibekelwe imida kuphononongo olubalulekileyo kubalulekile kuloo nkqubo, kuba idala ukudimazeka, ukungazinzi kunye nokungakhathali. Olu ayiloqoqosho lwezopolitiko olunokumelana nentatho nxaxheba eninzi yezopolitiko.
Ngexesha lokudakumba okukhulu, u-Keynes wabhala isincoko esingaqhelekanga evuma ukuba i-economists, kunye neenkokheli zoshishino kunye nezopolitiko, ziphosakele kakhulu malunga noqoqosho kunye nendlela yokwenza ukuba lusebenzele uninzi lwabantu. UKeynes wabhala ngowe-1933: โUbukhapitali bezizwe ngezizwe obuwohlokayo kodwa obunobuntu bomntu ngamnye, esazifumana sisezandleni zabo emva kwemfazwe, asiyompumelelo. Ayinangqondo, ayimhle, ayilunganga, ayilungangaโkwaye ayizisi iimpahla.โ Waxoxa ukuba into eyayiyimfuneko yayilixesha elivulelekileyo lengxoxo-mpikiswano kunye nokulinga kuba iithiyori nemigaqo-nkqubo ekhoyo ibonakalise intlekele kwaye ingenamali.
Yintoni eyacetywa nguKeynes ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1930 yindlela kanye esiyidingayo namhlanje. Kufuneka sibe neengqondo ezivulekileyo kwaye senze umfuniselo. Kufuneka sibaleke amakhamandela ale nkqubo yangoku kwaye sibone ukuba yintoni enokusebenza. "Kufuneka sicinge ngolungelelwaniso olwahlukileyo lwentlalo," UChris Hayes uyabhala, "ukuqonda ukuba amaziko alinganayo anokubonakala njani." Amanani athile avela kuninzi olubhaliweyo ngalo mbandela, ngakumbi kwiingcali zezoqoqosho ezifana noRichard Wolff, uJuliet Schor noGar Alperovitz:
- Ubutyebi boluntu kufuneka bulawulwe ngabantu baloo ngingqi.
- Ulawulo olunatyisiweyo kunye nolawulo loluntu lwengingqi kufuneka lugxininiswe, urhulumente eqinisa ucwangciso lwengingqi.
- Kufuneka kubekho ukuzibophelela okuqinileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zentsebenziswano kunye nemibutho engenzi nzuzo.
- Ulawulo lwedemokhrasi lwamashishini ngabasebenzi bawo lubalulekile.
- Kufuneka kugxininiswe imveliso nokusasazwa kwemeko ephilileyo.
Kumxholo waseMelika, amagama anjalo anokwenza ukuba umntu abuze ukuba nengqondo kombhali; zibonakala zikude kakhulu kwizinto ezikhoyo kunye nobulumko obuqhelekileyo. Kodwa ngaphantsi komhlaba, kuye kwakho ukunyuka kweentlobo ezintsha zamashishini ezoqoqosho. Kwiindawo ezixinezelekileyo njengeCleveland, zingumthombo wethemba ngekamva. Siyaqala ukuphuhlisa amava malunga nokuba idemokhrasi, uqoqosho lwasemva kongxowankulu lunokujongeka njani kwaye lungasebenza njani. Kuya kubakho iimarike, kuya kubakho amashishini okwenza inzuzo, kodwa phantsi kwengcinga enkulu yenkqubo, intsalela iya kuba phantsi kolawulo loluntu olungenzi nzuzo.
Oyena ndoqo wokwakha olu qoqosho lutsha lwezopolitiko iya kuba kukwakha imisebenzi engenzi nzuzo kunye nengarhwebi ukwenza ubuntatheli, ukuvelisa inkcubeko, ukubonelela ngofikelelo lwe-Intanethi kwaye usebenze njengamaziko asekuhlaleni asisiseko. Ezi zinokususela kwizikhululo zikanomathotholo kunye nomabonakude kunye namaziko osasazo e-Intanethi ukuya kumaziko enkcubeko, imibutho yezemidlalo kunye nee-ISP zoluntu.
Ekhohlo kwikhosi yabo yangoku kwaye eqhutywa ziimfuno zenkunzi, itekhnoloji yedijithali inokuhanjiswa ngeendlela ezichasene nenkululeko, idemokhrasi kunye nayo nayiphi na into edityaniswe kude kubomi obulungileyo. Ke ngoko, amadabi kwi-Intanethi abaluleke kakhulu kubo bonke abo bafuna ukwakha uluntu olungcono. Xa uthuli luthi gqi kweli nqanaba libalulekileyo, ukuba uluntu lwethu aluzange lutshintshwe ngokusisiseko lube ngcono, ukuba idemokhrasi ayiloyisanga kwimali eyinkunzi, uguqulo lwedijithali lusenokubonakala lulutshintsho egameni kuphela, isigqebelo, isikhumbuzo esilusizi umsantsa okhulayo phakathi kwezinto ezinokubakho kunye nobunyani boluntu.
Icatshulwe kwaye yatshintshwa ngemvume evela Ukuqhawulwa kweDijithali: Indlela i-Capitalism iJika ngayo i-Intanethi ngokuchasene neDemokhrasi (New Press) nguRobert McChesney.
URobert W. McChesney ngunjingalwazi wezonxibelelwano kwiYunivesithi yase-Illinois e-Urbana-Champaign kunye nomhleli we-Monthly Review. Ungumbhali, kutshanje, we Amajelo osasazo atyebileyo, iDemokhrasi ehlwempuzekileyo: iPolitiko zoNxibelelwano ngamaxesha aMadabukisayo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela