Inkangeleko yobuso bukaNakamae Akira yathetha yonke into. Kwinkomfa yoonondaba eyalandela ukuphela kwenkomfa ka-2007 ye-International Whaling Commission e-Anchorage, usekela-mlawuli we-Fisheries Agency yaseJapan wayengenamdla njengentaba yomkhenkce yaseAlaska. Xa uNakamae ekugqibeleni waphendula umbuzo omnye emva kokuchitha ixesha elininzi lenkomfa yabezindaba ejonge kwifestile yehotele uCaptain Cook, wayethe ngqo: "Kutheni kufuneka siyishiye i-IWC, asiyiyo ingxaki."
"Ngokungafaniyo namazwe achasene ne-whaling, sithobela i-mission yokuqala ye-IWC - ukugcinwa kunye nokulawulwa kokusetyenziswa kwazo zonke izinto zaselwandle," watsho. “I-IWC kufuneka yamkele ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo. Amazwe angavumiyo ukuthatha umnenga kufuneka ahambe, hayi thina. ”
Emva kweentsuku ezine eziqale ngethemba elikhulu lokuphela kwamashumi amabini eminyaka evaliweyo, iphulo le-Arhente yezokuLoba (i-FA) yebhiliyoni yeedola lokubhukuqa isithintelo samazwe ngamazwe sokurhweba ngokurhweba kwakhona ngamabhodlo. Uninzi oluncinci lwe-pro-whaling olothuse abalondolozi kwinkomfa yaseSt. Kitts & Nevis kunyaka ophelileyo luye lwanqunyulwa, i-whaling yaselunxwemeni yaphinda yaxutywa kwaye inkqubo yenzululwazi ye-whaling yaseJapan yagwetywa ngevoti enkulu ye-42-2, emva kokuba uninzi lwamazwe axhasayo. uyekile. Buyela kwisikwere sokuqala seJapan.
Ngokusemthethweni i-29,000 iminenga iye yabulawa ukususela oko ukuvalwa kokuthengiswa kweminenga kwaqala ukusebenza ngo-1986, uninzi yiJapan, iNorway ne-Iceland. Abaninzi abangakumbi baye barhintyelwa kwiminatha yokuloba, “indlela yokubambisa” abalondolozi bendalo abathi ibangela ukufa kwabantu abangama-300,000 XNUMX ngonyaka. Abanye babulawa kukuntlitheka kweenqanawa okanye kukuginya inkunkuma yaselwandle. Intwana encinci yenyama evuniweyo iya ingcoliseka kakhulu ukuba ingatyiwa. Iphulo lase-Iceland lokurhweba nge-whaling yezorhwebo - liqale kwakhona kunyaka ophelileyo-liye lamiswa, mhlawumbi ngokusisigxina, ngenxa yenkxalabo malunga ne-mercury kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ezifunyenwe kwizidumbu ze-whale.
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, abalondolozi bendalo baseAnchorage babecatshukiswa nanini na kukuba amadoda aphethe iharpoon enxibe izikhumba zeoli aye ongezelela kwiingxaki zeminenga. "Ngezinye izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela inani leminenga kwihlabathi liphela, iyamangalisa into yokuba i-IWC isawonwabisa umbono wokurhweba ngeminenga," utshilo uSato Junichi waseGreenpeace Japan.
Njengoninzi lwabalingane bakhe abagcina indalo, uSato ufuna ukuguqula i-IWC ibe "ngumzimba osebenzela iminenga kungekhona abadobi." Izizwe ezixhaphakileyo zibona i-IWC ngokwemigaqo echasene ngokuthe ngqo, ibambelele kwinto abayithethayo ngomyalelo wayo wokuqala, ukulawulwa, ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kwemithombo yeminenga. IJapan ngokukodwa ayizange yamkele ukuthatyathwa komlondolozi we-IWC kwaye yenze iphulo le-ODA yezigidi ezingama-750 zeerandi ukujingisela umbutho ubuyisele ukuxhasa ukulotywa kweminenga yorhwebo. Kunyaka ophelileyo, iphumelele ivoti emxinwa okokuqala kwikota yenkulungwane, uloyiso olufuziselayo olwenze lwamangalisa abantu bezendalo.
Olo loyiso lwaba lufutshane. Amazwe amatsha amathandathu achasene neminenga atyikitya ngelixa iJapan ikwazile ukufumana enye kuphela: iLaos. Uninzi lwezizwe ezihlwempuzekileyo zokuloba aziphumelelanga ukuvela eAlaska, ngokucacileyo zidimazekile ngumgama kunye neendleko. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela, ukubuya kwi-whaling yorhwebo, efuna i-75 yepesenti ye-IWC uninzi, ikude kakhulu. Omnye umkomishinala we-IWC wase-Australia u-Conall O'Connell uthe kutshanje ukuba ubulungu be-IWC, ngoku amazwe angama-77, anokwandisa ukuya kwi-120 kwiminyaka elishumi, uninzi oluchasene ne-whaling. IJapan ijongene nokukhetha okungqongqo: nokuba iqubhe kunye nezandi ezikhulayo zokusingqongileyo okanye iyiyeke ngokupheleleyo ikhomishini evaliweyo.
Kukho enye inketho: Hlala ujikeleze kwaye wenze ubomi bube nzima kubalwa neminenga. Abaninzi boyika ukuba amagosa e-Arhente yezokuLoba ephoxekileyo anokubulala enye yeevoti eziphambili zenkomfa: i-quota ye-whaling yase-Alaska, eGreenland, eRashiya kunye negcuntswana lolunye uluntu lwasekuhlaleni. I-Arhente ayiyithandi into yokuba ezo zingela zihlelwe "njengokuphila" ngelixa phantsi kwe-IWC ilawula ukuloba okucetywayo kwiindawo ezine zokuloba zasekhaya eTaiji, eWakayama Prefecture, Abashiri eHokkaido, Ayukawa (Miyagi) naseWada eChiba "yezorhwebo."
"Kutheni iminenga ye-aboriginal ivunyelwe e-US kodwa ingekho eJapan," wabuza uMorishita, ebhekiselele ekunikezelweni kwenani leminenga emalunga nama-50 kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni lwaseAlaska. Abagxeki bathi umahluko ophambili kukuba iJapan ifuna ukuthengisa inyama yayo yomnenga ngokurhweba ngelixa abantu bomthonyama bebulala izilwanyana ukuze ziphile. Umahluko uqondwa lula kwenye indawo. Kodwa kwilizwe apho amajelo eendaba achaza ngokukhethayo ingxabano yokuloba, abantu abaninzi bathenga ibango likaMorishita lokuba iNtshona ayiyazi into yayo kwisardines.
Ekugqibeleni, kunye nokukhumbula ukuwa kwezopolitiko ukususela ngo-2002 xa yacaphukisa i-US ngokuvala umnenga wama-Aborigine ukuziphindezela ngokusilela ukuphumelela isabelo sayo, iJapan yahamba kunye nevoti. Ngembuyekezo, yayinethemba kodwa yasilela ukuphumelela imvume yokubambisa iminenga elunxwemeni-into uMorishita ayibiza ngokuba yeyona nto iphambili eJapan. Inxalenye yesibini enkulu yendlela ye-FA yayikukusebenzisa i-cull ethenjisiweyo yeminenga engama-50 kamva kulo nyaka njenge-bargaining chip, iqhinga elabuyisela umva kakubi.
IJapan ivavanye isicwangciso se-humpback xa idibene phakathi kwenkomfa kunye neNew Zealand, i-Australia, iBritane kunye namanye amazwe "anengqondo efanayo" ngeentetho "ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili", ngokutsho koMphathiswa wezeNdalo weNZ uChris Carter. Kodwa iingxoxo zazixambulisana kunye necala lokuloba lityhola iJapan ngokuzama "ukubatyhola". "Kwakungekho nto etafileni ngaphandle kokuzingela i-humpback, ekufuneka iphathwe ngokudelelwa ngokupheleleyo," wacaphuka umphathiswa we-Bio-Diversity yase-UK uBarry Gardiner. "Ayisiyomvumelwano yokunyusa izibonda ngokukhawuleza emva koko unikezele ukuyisusa ukuba asibaniki nto."
Ixesha liya kuxela ukuba ngaba ukubulawa kwe-humpback-yenzelwe ukucaphukisa iNew Zealand kunye ne-Australia zombini zinamashishini abalulekileyo okubukela i-whale-licebo nje lokuthethathethana, ngoku akuphumelelanga. I-FA kuxelwe ukuba igunyazise isikhephe esitsha sokuloba iminenga esizizigidi ezili-140 zeerandi emva kokutsha kwenqanawa yomama obambe iminenga i-Nisshin Maru, kodwa uMorishita unike imilebe eqinile "akukho luvo" malunga nokuba ukuzingela kuya kuqhubeka kusini na. UPaul Watson, inkokeli yeqela lemekobume esebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, owatyhutyha ihotele ngaphandle kuyo yonke inkomfa emva kokukhutshelwa ngaphandle ngamapolisa, wayenomyalezo oqatha weFA: “Yizise. Ukuzingela i-humpback iya kuba sesona sixhobo sikhulu sokukhangela esakha saba naso. "
I-humpback ihlelwa ngabaninzi bezendalo njengenye yeentlobo zeplanethi ezisengozini, kodwa kungekhona yiJapan. "Asiyiboni njengengozi," kusho uMorishita, ochitha ixesha elininzi kwiinkomfa ze-IWC ejikelezwe ngumbhobho ophazamisayo weentatheli zaseNtshona, ngomonde echaza ngesiNgesi esingenasiphako ukuba iJapan ayiyona iDarth Vader yehlabathi lolwandle. “Asiyonyaniso ukuba sifuna ukulotywa kweminenga simahla, okungalawulwayo,” utshilo. "Singathanda ukulawula ukuloba iminenga, kunye nezabelo kunye nokunyanzeliswa."
Iqela elikhulu labathunywa baseJapan banokubonwa lula kwiinkomfa benxibe iyunifomu yabasebenzi abarhola iisuti ezimnyama kunye nomtya ojingayo wefowuni ephathwayo. Ubukhulu becala bahlala kwindawo ethe cwaka ejongene nelitye bephulaphule iitoliki zeentsuku ezintathu zokuma kunye nokuphosa udaka, njengoko uphando lwaseJapan oluqokelelwe ngobuchule ngeminenga luchazwa “njengenzululwazi engafanelekanga.”
Uninzi lwabalondolozi bendalo luyalicekisa ibango laseJapan lokuba iminenga itya “iintlanzi eziphindwe kahlanu” kunabantu yaye ngoko ke imele ibulawe. Enye yezona ngxelo zamvanje ezikhumbulekayo kolo phando zivela kwisazinzulu saselwandle uGqr. Daniel Pauly owathi: “Iintaka zitya iitoni ezizizigidi ezili-100 zentlanzi ngonyaka kodwa ukuba ubucebisa ukuba zibulale iintaka, uya kufumana isibhengezo semfazwe eUnited Kingdom. ”
Ekuphela kwendawo eqaqambileyo ye-Arhente yezokuLoba yayisisigqibo esilungelelanisiweyo kunye ne-New Zealand malunga nokuxhatshazwa kweenqwelo zeminenga zaseJapan elwandle, eziye zadlula ngokuvumelana kwaye zabona i-UK kunye nezinye iintlanga ezixhasayo zityhola i-Sea Shepherd. "IBritane iyakugxeka ngentliziyo iphela" ukuhamba kwezikhephe elwandle, utshilo uGardiner, owachaza ukuba inqanawa ebhaliswe e-Sea Shepherd yase-UK iRobert Hunter iyalelwe ukuba iyisuse i-Union Jack yayo, kwiiveki ngaphambi kokuba ibethe ngabom kwi-Nisshin Maru ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka.
Kodwa kwanaloo ngxubusho yamxhelo-mnye yonakaliswa ziimpikiswano. IJapan kunye namahlakani ayo axhasa ukurhuqa umnenga abiza amaqela e-eco-“ngabanqolobi,” ewufiphalisa ngabom umahluko phakathi kweendlela ezithe ngqo ze-Sea Shepherd kunye nemo yendalo esingqongileyo ephakathi, kwaye yacela ukurhoxiswa kwesimo somkhi-mkhanyo weGreenpeace kumbutho wokuloba. Kwabakho intsini kwiholo yenkomfa xa abanye abathunywa be-pro-whaling bafuna ukuba imali yeGreenpeace ibanjwe kwaye amalungu ayo abanjwe. “IJapan kufuneka ilawule imikhosi yayo,” utshilo uRemi Permentier emva koko.
Le nkomfa ikwabhentsise uhanahaniso lwamazwe achasene neminenga. I-UK yathetha encinci malunga ne-Norway ecwangcisiweyo ye-1050 minke. “Iminenga yaseNorway ixhelwa kufutshane neAberdeen (eSkotlani) kune-Oslo,” utsho uAndy Ottaway, uMlawuli wamaPhulo kwi-Campaign Whale. Uninzi lwale minenga luhamba emanzini aseBritane. Isizathu? "IBritane isandula ukwenza isivumelwano segesi neNorway kwaye inamakhonkco orhwebo aqinileyo."
Yintoni ngoku? Ngaba iJapan iya kuphuma, emva kokukhupha isoyikiso sayo seshumi? “Naluphi na uhlobo lomonde luhlala lunomda,” walumkisa uMorishita kwinkomfa yokugqibela yabezindaba. Kodwa uninzi lwabantu luyavuma ukuba iJapan ayinakukhetha ngaphandle kokuhlala kwintlangano ekhubazekileyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba izigidi ezingakumbi ezichithwe kwiphulo iJapan lingenalo ithuba lokuphumelela. Abantu kuphela abanokuthi bayeke ukuba ngabahlawuli berhafu, yingakho i-FA - kunye ne-Nakamae ejongene nelitye - idlala ngokucophelela kwiikhamera zeTV ekhaya apho umlo wangempela wenziwa khona. Isisombululo “sokuchasa abanqolobi”, xa abathunywa beFA batshintshela kwisiJapan kwaye babonisa umfanekiso otsala umdla wenqanawa yokuloba iminenga eyayijoliswe nguSea Shepherd, yabonakala ilungiselelwe ngokukodwa abaphulaphuli basekhaya. “Bamele baqhubeke bedlala ixhoba ukuze bafumane inkxaso kuluntu lwaseJapan,” watsho uSato weGreenpeace Japan.
Abalondolozi bendalo abanakho ukuphumla emva kweAlaska: Ukuloba umnenga kwezenzululwazi kuyaqhubeka, iGreenland yafumana isabelo esongeziweyo se-aborigine, kwaye isindululo seSouth Atlantic Whaling Sanctuary entsha sabulawa. INorway iya kuzingela ngaphezu kwe-1000 iminenga. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, amakhulu amawaka angakumbi aya kufa kwiingozi, kwaye oko kubizwa ngokuthi "ukubulawa ngokufihlakeleyo" kwe-17,700 Dall's porpoises kusaqhutywa kumanzi aselunxwemeni lwaseJapan minyaka yonke ngaphandle kolawulo lwe-IWC. Oko kwaphinda kwacaca kukuba inkomfa, kunye neshawari yonyaka ye-bile exhaswa kakhulu yirhafu eyivelisayo, ngeendlela ezininzi i-sideshow evela kwizoyikiso zokwenene ezijongene nobomi baselwandle: ukufudumala kwehlabathi, ungcoliseko kunye nokubanjiswa. . Njengoko iGreenpeace yachazayo, yonke loo vitriol ishiye ixesha elincinci lokuxoxa “ngemiba yokwenyani yolondolozo” okanye iicetaceans ezingama-3,288 ezibhubhileyo ngelixa abathunywa benkomfa besilwa.
UDavid McNeill ubhalela rhoqo i-Chronicle of Higher Education, i-London Independent kunye nezinye iimpapasho. Ungumququzeleli weJapan Focus.
Ubhale eli nqaku kwiJapan Focus. Iinxalenye zayo ziye zavela kwiNewsweek Japan kunye neSouth China Morning Post.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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