Abathunywa abalikhulu elinamashumi amabini badibana kwiDyunivesithi yaseWits ukusuka ngomhla we-14 ukuya kowe-17 kweyoMnga yowama-2023 ukuphehlelela iZabalaza yeSocialism (iZASO, iZabalaza ithetha uMzabalazo), umbutho we-eco-socialist, feminist kunye nombutho ochasene nobuhlanga. Amatsha ntliziyo aye aphinda ahlanganisana kwiiDialogue ngeKamva eliChasene nobuCapitalist - emva kokudodobala kwezopolitiko "kwi-NUMSA Moment" (ithuba lokuhlanganisana ekhohlo ngokubanzi emva kokugxothwa kwe-NUMSA [iManyano esekhohlo yeSizwe yabasebenzi besinyithi boMzantsi Afrika] kwi-COSATU [ ICongress of South African Trade Union], kunye nesigqibo seNUMSA sokuphonononga ulwakhiwo lombutho wobusoshiyali kunye neminye imikhosi yasekhohlo) — bathathe inyathelo elibukhali lokusungula umbutho wenguqu. Uninzi lwabathunywa beluvela kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo yabasebenzi kunye nemibutho yezentlalo eqinisekisa ukuba i-ZASO inesiseko esomeleleyo kumbutho odumileyo. IZASO yomelezwa kukubandakanyeka kwamatsha-ntliziyo azizifundiswa anembali ende kwezopolitiko zasekhohlo. Ingxelo yokusekwa kweZASO ithi Apha.
Ukuphehlelelwa kweZASO kwenzeka ngexesha elinzima kakhulu kwabo baqhekekayo basekhohlo eMzantsi Afrika. Ngobusuku bangaphambi kokubhiyozela iminyaka engama-30 yolawulo lwentando yesininzi, ilizwe liyawohloka phantsi kweempembelelo zobungqongqo, ushishino lwabucala kunye neminye imigaqo-nkqubo yeneoliberal kwakunye norhwaphilizo olucwangcisiweyo. Ngomhla wama-29 kuCanzibe unyulo lweSizwe nolwePhondo luza kuqhutywa kungekho qela lasekhohlo lithembekileyo kuvoto. - UBrian Ashley
UGilbert Achcar wamenywa ukuba anike intetho ephambili kwinkomfa, sipapasha igalelo lakhe ngezantsi.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu, iimfazwe, ukutshatyalaliswa kohlanga, izidubedube kwezoqoqosho: ihlabathi esiphila kulo ngoku linexhala kwaye nekamva libonakala limfiliba ngokwenene, kude namathemba awayekho ekuqaleni kwale nkulungwane. Le meko ilusizi yehlabathi ubukhulu becala ingumphumo wezigqibo ezenziwe kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo kule nkulungwane idluleyo. Ngokwenene kwi-1990s ukuba iimeko zehlabathi ezikhoyo zagqitywa - ngexesha "lomzuzwana we-unipolar" owalandela ukuwa kweSoviet Union, xa i-United States yayisazi kakhulu amandla ayo okubumba imeko yelizwe jikelele.
Ngaloo minyaka, iWashington yakhetha ukuqhubela phambili ulawulo lwayo lwehlabathi ngeendleko zoxolo lwehlabathi. Oku kwakuza kuphunyezwa ngokugcina i-United States ikulungele ngokusisigxina imfazwe nokuhlaziya intembeko yamaqabane ayo eMfazwe yoMlomo eYurophu naseMpuma ye-Asia (awathi uZbigniew Brzezinski wawabiza ngokuba “ngabakhonzi” bayo) ngokuphinda avuse iingxabano ezidlulileyo neRashiya neTshayina. IWashington yawaphatha la mazwe mabini njengeentshaba ezinokubakho nangona kungekho namnye kuwo owamela umceli mngeni wenkqubo kwi-capitalism yehlabathi, athe bobabini badityaniswa kuwo. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo usisiseko owamkelwa yiWashington ngeminyaka yoo-1990 ukhokelele kwinto endiyichaze ukusukela ngoko njengeMfazwe eNtsha yoCold.
Intlupheko yezoqoqosho yalo mgaqo-nkqubo yayiyineoliberalism engalawulekiyo, kuquka ukuqina kweneoliberal diktats yamaziko emali ezizwe ngezizwe, uvuthondaba lwama impiriyali orhwebo ngokukhululekileyo kunye nesiseko soMbutho weHlabathi woRhwebo, kunye “nonyango lokothuka” olwakhuthazwa yiWashinton amaqabane kwi-post-Soviet Russia. Oku kwahamba kunye nokungahoywa okungahambi kakuhle kweengozi zokutshintsha kwemozulu - kungekhona ngenxa yokungazi (u-Al Gore wayengumongameli we-Bill Clinton ngexesha laloo minyaka eyingozi) kodwa kunokuba ngamabomu, ngokuyibeka phantsi phakathi kwezinto eziphambili ezibandakanyekayo ekuqhubeni i-imperium ye-unipolar. I-US i-hubris ye-imperial hubris ifikelele kwincopho yayo kunye nomongameli kaGeorge W. Bush kunye neemfazwe ezathi ulawulo lwakhe lwaqalisa e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq.
Iniyoliberalism engalawulwayo yavelisa eyona ngxaki ibalulekileyo yobukhapitali behlabathi ukusukela kuDado oluKhulu lweminyaka yeemfazwe kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Ukudodobala okukhulu koqoqosho ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-2000 kukhokelele kungenelelo olukhulu lukarhulumente kusetyenziswa iimali zoluntu ukuhlangula inkqubo yeebhanki. Ngokungafaniyo noko abaninzi babekholelwa ngoko, le ngxaki ayizange iqalise isiphelo seniyoliberalism; ngokuchaseneyo, yakhokelela kuhlaselo lweneoliberal oluhlaziyiweyo. Kuyafana nakwingxaki enkulu elandelayo yezoqoqosho, i-2020 Great Lockdown exhokonxwa ngubhubhani we-Covid-19. Kungenxa yokuba utshintsho lweparadigm kuqoqosho olusetyenzisiweyo alubonakalisi inkqubo yengqondo kodwa ngokuyintloko imbonakalo yokutshintsha kwibhalansi yamandla oluntu.
Olu lungelelwano luhleli kude kube ngoku ubukhulu becala luxhasa ubungxowankulu behlabathi ngeendleko zabasebenzi behlabathi. Ibiye yenziwa mandundu ngenxa yeentlekele zezoqoqosho ezilandelelanayo, kunye nokwanda kwentswela-ngqesho kunye/okanye ukwanda kwentlupheko yabasebenzi, nto leyo ethe yawenza buthathaka ngakumbi uxhathiso lwabasebenzi kunye nomanyano. IFransi, “ilizwe apho, kunayo nayiphi na enye indawo, imizabalazo yodidi lwembali yayisilwa sihlandlo ngasinye ukuze kwenziwe isigqibo” (uFriedrich Engels, 1885), kutshanje uye wabonisa olu tshintsho lubi kulungelelwano lwebutho labantu. Uhlaziyo lwepenshoni, obeluyinjongo ephambili ebiphunyezwa bubukhapitali baseFransi kumashumi ambalwa eminyaka, yoyiswa ngowe-1995 ngowona mzabalazo ubalulekileyo womzabalazo owabonwa yiFransi ukususela ngo-1968. ngumbutho wabasebenzi waseFransi.
Iziphumo zentlalo zobunzima boqoqosho ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-2000 zondla iradicalization yentlalo-ntle yoluntu kumacala amabini achaseneyo. Ibangele, kwelinye icala, ukunyuka kwemizabalazo eqhubekayo yokuchasa kwishumi leminyaka elandelayo. Uvukelo lwehlabathi jikelele olwasungulwa ngokumangalisayo yi-Arab Spring ngo-2011 lwalandelwa luhlanganiso olwalandelayo kumazwe afana neSpain, Greece kunye ne-United States ngokwayo. Uvukelo lwesibini lwehlabathi ngo-2019 lubandakanya iNtwasahlobo yesiBini yama-Arabhu kunye nomzabalazo osuka eMpuma Asia ukuya eLatin America ngaphambi kokuba ugxothwe yi-Covid-19. Le radicalization eqhubekayo ifumene inguqulelo yezopolitiko ekunyukeni kwemisinga echasene ne-neoliberal esekelwe kwisininzi kumazwe ahlukeneyo, njengeSyriza eGrisi kunye nePodemos eSpain kwaye, ngokungalindelekanga, ukungena kukaJeremy Corbyn kubunkokeli beBritish Labour Party ngo-2015- Ngo-2020 kunye nephulo lika-Bernie Sander elimangalisayo lika-2016, kunye nonyulo eFransi lombutho okhokelwa nguJean-Luc Mélenchon ngo-2017-2022 kunye notshintsho olutsha oluqhubela phambili kurhulumente eLatin America - eBolivia, eChile, eColombia, EMexico naseBrazil.
Eliza liza liqhubela phambili, nangona kunjalo, lachaswa yindlela yokusabela ngokugqibeleleyo ekunyukeni kwayo okokuqala kwaqatshelwa ukususela ekuqaleni kohlaselo lweneoliberal. Ngelixa "iziko" lezopolitiko lihlala lisiya lisiya ngasekunene ukusukela oko, ilungelo elikude liye lakhula kwihlabathi liphela ngokuqala koorhulumente be-neofascistic kumazwe aliqela, kubandakanya amagunya amakhulu anjengeIndiya phantsi kweNarendra Modi, iRussia phantsi kukaVladimir Putin, eBrazil phantsi kukaJair Bolsonaro, kunye nelizwe jikelele. iUnited States ngokwayo phantsi kukaDonald Trump. Olu phuhliso luqinisekisile into eyachongwa nguSamuel Huntington “njengeliza elibuyela umva” kwinkqubo yehlabathi yedemokhrasi yezopolitiko. Uguqulo lubandakanya ikhosi eyandayo yobuzwilakhe eyamiselwa yi-China phantsi kuka-Xi Jinping, owaba “yinkokeli yelizwe ephambili” ngo-2012.
Ulungelelwaniso lwehlabathi jikelele luye lwathambeka ngokucacileyo luxhasa i-reactionary radicalization. Oku akusiyo imveliso yeemeko zenjongo yodwa, kodwa kwakhona, kwaye kakhulu, imveliso yeentsilelo kunye nokungaphumeleli kwekhohlo. Ngenene, ukunyuka kwephiko elitsha lasekhohlo kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwavelisa iingxaki ezininzi ezonakalise inkulungwane yamashumi amabini esekhohlo. Ezi ngxaki zibandakanya iziphene ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezifana nenkqubo yonyulo kunye nokuzibekela umda xa kurhulumente okanye xa ifikeleleka, i-bureaucratism, i-caudillismo kunye ne-machismo, kunye ne-neo-campism, leyo - ngokungafaniyo nenkampu yakudala eyayibandakanya ulungelelwaniso olucwangcisiweyo emva kombutho. ebizwa ngokuba "yinkampu yobusoshiyali" - ibandakanya inkxaso eguqa ngamadolo, okanye ukungabikho kokugxeka, nabani na ochaswa yiWashington kunye namahlakani ayo aseNtshona, ngokuhambelana nentetho ethi "utshaba lotshaba lwam ngumhlobo wam" .
I-leftwing radicalization ke ngoko yonakaliswe yimida enzima. Ngokusisiseko, ekhohlo alikwazanga ukuphinda likwazi ukuzisungula, ngaphandle kokukhetha okumbalwa okubandakanya iindlela ezintsha zomzabalazo eziyilwe ziintshukumo ezininzi ezithi ziqhubele phambili kwisizukulwana esitsha, ezinje ngeBlack Lives Matter eUnited States kunye neResistance Committees eSudan. Kwelinye icala, uninzi lwasekunene luye lwaphinda lwazivelela ngendlela yobuneofascism: lwafunda izifundo zokungaphumeleli kwe-fascism yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini yaza yahlengahlengiswa ukuze yamkelwe yinkqubo yongxowankulu yanamhlanje ize yamkelwe. ishishini elikhulu. Ngenxa yaloo njongo, iye yaxhasa iniyoliberalism kwaye yabhengeza ukubambelela kwayo kwidemokhrasi yenkqubo ngelixa ithe chu ikhupha umxholo kube kanye ilawula ngendlela yokuthotywa ngolawulo kwenkululeko yezopolitiko kunye nokucinezelwa kweemeko ezisisiseko zokhuphiswano lwezopolitiko. Oku kuphinde kwayilwa ekunene kuye kwakhula kwihlabathi jikelele ngeendleko zabo bobabini i-neoliberal mainstream kunye ne-left, isakhela phezu kwengqumbo yentlalo edalwe yiniyoliberalism kwaye igqithisela ngaphezu kwayo yonke into kubafuduki ababalekayo.
Uhlaselo lwaseRussia eUkraine ngoFebruwari ka-2022, lwaqalwa ngurhulumente kaPutin othe gqolo ukukhukuliseka ukuya ngasekunene, kwanika ukomelela okukhulu kumanyano lwama-impiriyali aseNtshona phantsi kwe-US hegemony. Yahlaziya ingqiqo yokuqala yale mbumbano, eboniswa njengenye "yedemokhrasi" echasene ne-authoitarianism, kunye nohanahaniso kunye nemigangatho emininzi eyayisele iqhelekile ngexesha leMfazwe yeCold. Ikwavumele ukwandiswa okukhulu kwe-NATO ukuba yenzeke ngokunamathela kweFinland neSweden kumfelandawonye, kwaye yabangela ukonyuka okukhulu kwenkcitho yasemkhosini kwihlabathi liphela ukuze kuxhamle abavelisi bezixhobo.
Ngelixa uBiden ke ngoko ekwazile ukubuyisela umva ifuthe elibi likaMongameli kaTrump kubudlelwane be-transatlantic, uye waqhubeka nomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphambili wakhe wangaphandle kwimiba emibini emikhulu: Okokuqala, uBiden waqhubeka nesimo sikaTrump esixhokonxayo eTshayina, ngomahluko wokuba wazama ukufihla i-animus ye-mercantilist. I-impiriyali yase-US ngokuchasene nokunyuka kwamandla ezoqoqosho e-China ngokwenza ngathi apha kwakhona ukuxhasa "idemokhrasi" ngokuchasene nokukhukuliseka kwe-China phantsi kwe-Xi. Okwesibini, uBiden waqhubela phambili nokuma kukaTrump ngokungafihlisiyo kwa-Israyeli ngaphandle kokungabikho kobudlelwane phakathi kolawulo lwakhe kunye norhulumente wakwa-Israyeli wasekunene. Ngaloo ndlela wagxininisa ekwandiseni "i-normalization" yobudlelwane phakathi kwee-monarchies yeoli ye-Gulf kunye no-Israyeli ngokuhambisa iinzame ezinzulu zokufumana ubukumkani baseSaudi ukuba bajoyine i-United Arab Emirates kunye ne-Bahrain ekusekeni ubudlelwane obuvulekileyo kunye nelizwe laseZionist. Kwelinye icala, ulawulo lwe-Biden aluzange lubuyise nakuphi na ukuhamba kuka-Trump-pro-Israel, kwaye aluzange luzame ukubamba u-Israeli kude ekunene ekwandiseni ungenelelo lwayo lobukoloniyali kwi-West Bank yasePalestine.
Lo mgaqo-nkqubo ubeke isiseko sogunyaziso lolawulo lweBiden olungathintelwanga kwimfazwe yokubulala abantu eyayiqhutywa nguSirayeli eGaza ukusukela nge-7 kaOkthobha ngo-2023, imfazwe eye yaba yimfazwe yokuqala edibeneyo yase-US-Israel. Ngokuxhasa injongo echaziweyo "yokuphelisa iHamas", umbutho omkhulu olawula iGaza Strip ukusukela ngo-2007, ulawulo lweBiden kunye noninzi lwamahlakani alo aseNtshona baye bakhanyisa ulwaphulo-mthetho oluqhubekayo olunxamnye noluntu olwenziwa yimikhosi exhobileyo yakwa-Israeli. ukubulawa kwenani elikhulu labemi, kubandakanywa uninzi lwabantwana, ukufuduswa koninzi lwabemi oko kufana nesiganeko esikhulu "sokucocwa kobuhlanga", ukutshatyalaliswa kobuninzi beendawo zokuhlala ukuze akunakwenzeka ukuba abemi babuyele kwiindawo ababegxothwe kuzo.
Olu thethelelo lokuqala luvulelekileyo ngoorhulumente baseNtshona bemfazwe evulelekileyo yokutshabalalisa uhlanga eyaqhutywa ngurhulumente othe qelele ukusukela iMfazwe yeSibini yeHlabathi iye yayigxeka kakhulu inkululeko yaseNtshona kwaye yabhenca imbono yayo yehlabathi yobuhlanga. Ivumele utshintsho olusemgangathweni ekunyanzelweni kwe-European far right, kungekuko ngokugwetywa ngokudibeneyo kwento ekuthiwa "i-antisemitism entsha" ethe yaba sisigqubuthelo esibhityileyo sokubonakaliswa kwe-Islamophobic edibeneyo ye-antisemites yemveli kunye ne-niyo-kolonial supermacists. Ngokwenyani, indlela oorhulumente baseNtshona abasabela ngayo kuhlaselo lwase-Israel eGaza lunike amandla amakhulu ekukhukulisekeni kwihlabathi jikelele.
Kwangaxeshanye, ukukhula komsindo wehlabathi lonke ngokubhekiselele kwimbubhiso yokubulawa kwabantu basePalestine, kubandakanywa uqhanqalazo olukhulayo ngaphakathi kwe-United States ngokwayo, luphawu olongezelelweyo lokuzingisa kwezinto ezibalulekileyo, ngakumbi phakathi kolutsha, ukuxhasa izizathu eziqhubekayo, ezifana ukuchaswa kweemfazwe zama-impiriyali kunye nekoloniyalizim, ubuhlanga ngazo zonke iindlela, kwingcinezelo yesini, ukudilizwa okuqhubekayo kwe-neoliberal yazo zonke iinzuzo zentlalo eziphunyezwe kwinkulungwane edlulileyo, kwi-capitalism ngokwayo, eyandayo ihluthwa yi-neoliberalism yeempawu zobulungisa bentlalo. yathomalalisa amashumi ambalwa eminyaka, kwaye, okokugqibela kodwa okungakuncinananga, kulwaphulo-mthetho lokungahoyi oorhulumente ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye neziphumo zayo ezoyikekayo.
Ukubamba obu buchule kunye nokubuhambisa kwiindlela ezilungelelanisiweyo ezinokuphucula ngokumangalisayo ukusebenza kwayo kwaye zinike intembeko entsha kunye nethemba kumlo wokutshintsha ihlabathi kufuna ukuvuselelwa kwe-anticapitalism ye-socialist, ukufunxa ngokupheleleyo izifundo zokoyiswa kweNhlohlo yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kunye nokuphelisa. iingxelo ezingazinzanga zokutshona kwayo okukhulu kwimbali. Ngamafutshane, ukuze ube nako ukukholisa ngokubanzi ukuba "elinye ilizwe linokwenzeka" - isilogeni esisembindini wentshukumo yobulungisa yehlabathi ukusukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane - kunyanzelekile ukuba sibonise kuqala ngezenzo, hayi ngamazwi kuphela, ukuba enye Ekhohlo inokwenzeka. Kungxamiseke kakhulu ukuba iKhohlo liziqale ngokutsha.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela