Igama elithi "ubugrogrisi" lavela okokuqala kumthetho wobumbano wase-US ngo-1969. Yaziswa ngumbutho waseZionist waseNew York owathi "abanqolobi" babeqeqesha abantwana kwiinkampu zeembacu zamaPalestina anyanzelwa ukuba ashiye amakhaya awo nguSirayeli, ilungiselelo lavala uncedo loluntu lwase-US. ekuzuzeni nayiphi na imbacu efumene uqeqesho lomkhosi kwiPalestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) okanye "uye wabandakanyeka kuso nasiphi na isenzo sobugrogrisi."
Ngelixa umthetho ungakhange uchaze "ubunqolobi," waseka indlela yamashumi eminyaka yokubeka amaPalestine amabala - kwaye ngakumbi iimbacu - "njengabanqolobi," ngokutsho kwentsha. uhlalutyo lomgaqo-nkqubo evela ePalestine Legal kunye neZiko lamaLungelo oMgaqo-siseko. U-Israyeli uphendule ekuvuselelweni kwentshukumo yelizwe lasePalestina ngo-1967 ngokuchaza ukuxhathisa ngezixhobo zokufuduka "njengobunqolobi bamazwe ngamazwe," kunye ne-trope yobuhlanga yabantwana ababaleki basePalestina njengababulali beengqondo bazalwa. Emva kwexesha, uluhlu lokuqala lwabanqolobi olukhutshwe ngurhulumente lwaluza kukhuselwa kwiCongress ngabaxhasi bakwaSirayeli kwaye lusetyenziswe kakhulu ukujolisa oorhulumente abajongwa njengabaxhasi bePalestina ekhululekileyo.
Ukukhawuleza ukuya ku-2024. I-UNRWA, i-arhente yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yokunceda iimbacu ekujoliswe kuyo ngumthetho we-1969, iphinde yatshatyalaliswa ngenxa yokunxibelelana "nabanqolobi." I-UNRWA isengumlawuli omkhulu woncedo loluntu eGaza, apho iphulo lakwa-Israel lokuqhubhisa ibhombu kunye nokufuduka kwabantu abaninzi ngokuphindisela ngo-Oktobha 7 uhlaselo lwe-Hamas lushiye abantu abangaphezu kwe-29,000 befile kwaye uninzi lwabemi bengenamakhaya kwiimeko ezimanyumnyezi.
U-Israel usanda kutyhola inani elincinci labasebenzi be-UNWRA ngokuthatha inxaxheba ekuhlaselweni kuka-Oktobha 7 kodwa banike ubungqina obuncinane. I-UNWRA yakhawuleza yagxotha abasebenzi kwaye yaqalisa uphando lwangaphakathi, kodwa i-US kunye namanye amazwe atyebileyo amisa inkxaso ye-UNWRA ngelixa enceda abantu abasweleyo. ukulamba nokufa eGaza ithontsiza kancinci.
Umgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle okhanyela ubuntu basePalestina usisiseko kumashumi eminyaka yomthetho ochasene nobunqolobi wase-US kwaye uphinde waxhotyiswa yi-Israel lobby ngokuchasene namatsha ntliziyo achasene nemfazwe kunye nenkululeko yasePalestine kulo lonke elase-US, ngokweZiko lamaLungelo oMgaqo-siseko. Ukusukela oko igama elithi "ubunqolobi" laqala ukuvela kumthetho wobumbano emva kweMfazwe yeeNtsuku eziNtathu zowe-1967, imithetho yokulwa nobunqolobi iye ukujongelwa phantsi kwamalungelo okuthetha ngokukhululekileyo by ukwenza inkcaso ibe lulwaphulo-mthetho kwimpatho yakwaSirayeli kumaPalestina, kuquka intshukumo yokuGqhweba, ukuNyekwa, iSanctions (BDS).
"Ukuqonda iindlela amaSirayeli kunye namahlakani akhe aye abumba imithetho yokulwa nobunqolobi kubalulekile ekuceleni umngeni ekusebenziseni kwabo namhlanje njengesixhobo sokuvala zombini iindlela zokunceda abantu eGaza ukuqhubela phambili le nyhikityha, kunye nentshukumo e-US ezama ukumisa. ngayo, utshilo uDima Khalidi, umlawuli weqela loncedo lwezomthetho esekwe e-US iPalestine Legal, kwingxelo.
Iziko lamaLungelo oMgaqo-siseko ngaphambili lafaka isimangalo ngokuchasene nolawulo lweBiden ngokusilela ukuthintela ukubulawa kwabantu eGaza. Ngelixa inkundla yomanyano eCalifornia yalichitha ityala ngobugcisa bolawulo, ijaji vu nyelwene kunye neNkundla Yezizwe Ngezizwe eyathi ukungqingwa nokutshatyalaliswa kukaSirayeli kweGaza “kuyawa phakathi kwesalelo kumazwe ngamazwe ngokuchasene nokubulawa kwabantu” emva kokuva ubungqina obuvela kwiingcali kunye namaxhoba asePalestina.
Inkundla yaseMelika ibongoze abalawuli beBiden ukuba baphinde baqwalasele "inkxaso engapheliyo" yemfazwe. U-Israel uzikhaba ngaw' omane ezi zityholo, esithi ekuphela kwenjongo yakhe kukuphelisa utshaba lwayo, i-Hamas, eqhubelekayo ukubamba abantu abamalunga ne-100 bakwa-Israeli ngethemba lokuba baza kwenza isivumelwano sokukhulula amabanjwa ezopolitiko asePalestina ngokutshintshiselana.
Ngelo xesha, amaSirayeli umkhosi uyatshabalalisa ubomi eGaza ngezixhobo zase-US kunye nezixhobo. Ukusuka kwinkxaso engaguqukiyo kaMongameli uJoe Biden ku-Israyeli ukuya kwi-anti-Muslim animus efakwe kuMongameli uGeorge W. Bush "kwimfazwe yobugrogrisi," umgaqo-nkqubo wanamhlanje wase-US obhekiselele kuMbindi Mpuma umiliselwe kubutshaba okudala bumi malunga nesizathu sasePalestina ngendlela iqela elikhulayo lomthetho wokulwa nobunqolobi. Nali ixesha elidityanisiweyo elivela ePalestine Legal kunye nohlalutyo lweZiko lamaLungelo oMgaqo-siseko:
- Uluhlu lokuqala lwabanqolobi olukhutshwe ngurhulumente lwaxhaswa ngabaxhasi bakwaSirayeli kwiCongress kwaye lusetyenziswe kakhulu ukucinezela oorhulumente abatyholwa ngokuxhasa ukuchasa kwePalestina.
- Elokuqala nelokuphela kwexesha iNkongolo ibhale iqela elingekho phantsi kolawulo lobunqolobi kumthetho we-1987 ojolise kuMbutho weNkululeko yasePalestine.
- Umthetho wokuqala wokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe [owapasiswa ngo-1990] ukuquka ubunqolobi njengesiseko sokungabandakanyi kunye nokugxothwa kwawo wakhankanya i-PLO kwinkcazelo yayo yobunqolobi.
- Umthetho wokuqala [owapasiswa ngo-1992] ogunyazisa amatyala obunqolobi babucala wayilwa ukujolisa kwi-PLO kwaye uye wasetyenziswa kakhulu ngabemi ababini bakwa-Israel kunye naseMelika.
- Uluhlu lokuqala lwezohlwayo lwezemali lwemibutho yabanqolobi lwenziwa ekuphenduleni iimfuno zakwa-Israel zokunciphisa i-Hamas kunye namanye amaqela asePalestina.
- Nangona i-1995 i-Oklahoma City ibhombu yenziwa ngabavukeli basekhaya, amalungiselelo okulwa nobunqolobi adlula emva kwawo - kubandakanywa nomthetho wenkxaso wezinto eziphathekayo - kujoliswe kuphela kumaqela angaphandle, kunye nemibutho yasePalestina eyona nto ixhalabisayo.
I-Palestine Liberation Organisation yimeko enomdla. Yasekwa ngo-1964, i-PLO liqela leambrela elathi kangangamashumi eminyaka liquka intshukumo yesizwe sasePalestina kwaye yabonwa ngokubanzi njengommeli wePalestina kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe.
Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1987, i-PLO yaba yeyokuqala kunye nomdlali ongekho phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente ukuba abhengezwe "njengombutho wabanqolobi" kumthetho owiswe yiCongress emva kokuba iqela elikhohlakeleyo elaziwa ngokuba yiPalestine Liberation Front labulala ummi wase-US ngexesha lokuqweqwediswa kwenqanawa ngo-1985. inqanawa. Umthetho wayalela urhulumente wase-US ukuba asuse uthumo lwabakhi-mkhanyo be-PLO kwii-ofisi zoMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo, umzamo othe wathintelwa kuphela sisikhalo samazwe ngamazwe kunye nokungenelela kwezomthetho.
Kangangeminyaka yoo-1990, owayesakuba yinkokeli ye-PLO u-Yasser Arafat wayengumyili wecala lasePalestina kuthethwano loxolo oluxhaswa yi-US kunye noSirayeli. Izibizo "zabanqolobi" ziqhele ukwenziwa liSebe likaRhulumente, elasusa i-PLO kuluhlu lwayo "lobunqolobi" ngo-1993 emva kokuba u-Arafat ekhanyele ubundlobongela kwaye waqala ishumi leminyaka yothethathethwano loxolo olwahlukana ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000.
Ngelixa u-Arafat wayesebenzela uxolo, wayekwagxekwa ngokusilela ukunqanda izenzo zokuchasa ngogonyamelo ngamaqela avukelayo abonwa ewela phantsi kweambrela ye-PLO. Nangona kunjalo, ubundlobongela belizwe lakwa-Israel buyinyani kubomi bemihla ngemihla kumawakawaka abantu basePalestine abahlala kwiinkampu zeembacu kunye nemimandla ehlala kuyo.
Ngelixa ingamelanga abemi basePalestine kunye ne-diaspora, iphiko elixhobileyo le-Hamas kunye namaqela amancinci omkhosi okwangoku alwa no-Israyeli, utshaba olunamandla ngakumbi. I-Hamas ibonwa ngokubanzi njengokuzibandakanya kubunqolobi xa abalweli bayo bahlasela kwaye bathimba abantu ngexesha lomsebenzi "we-Al-Aqsa" ngo-Okthobha we-7.
I-Israel yaziphindezela ngokugrogrisa bonke abemi baseGaza, ishiya amashumi amawaka abemi benzakele okanye befile, kwaye uluntu luphela luyingqushu. Ipropaganda yakwa-Israeli ixhaphaza i-trope ye-Palestine "umnqolobi" ukuthethelela ukubulawa kwabantu eGaza kunye ukuvalelwa kwabantu abaninzi basePalestina etyholwa “ngokuxhasa ubunqolobi,” a intlawulo ebanzi idla ngokuhlawuliswa abafana nabakwishumi elivisayo abachitha iminyaka entolongweni ngenxa yokuya kuqhankqalazo lwasesitratweni nokugibisela ngamatye.
Emuva e-US, ukusekwa komgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle-kunye ne-lobby yakwa-Israyeli kunye namahlakani ayo kumajelo eendaba- Izixhobo zokuzonda i-Islamophobia kwaye imizamo yokuchaza kwakhona "i-antisemitism" ukuphelisa inkcaso kwimisebenzi yomkhosi wamaSirayeli, ngokutsho kwizazi ngamalungelo oluntu. Ngokudibanisa ukugxekwa kuka-Israyeli kunye "ne-antisemitism" kunye nokulwela amalungelo asePalestina ngenkxaso "yobunqolobi" kunye ne-Hamas, amaqela asekunene kunye namaqela aseZionist aphakamisa imithetho yokulwa nobunqolobi e-US ukuba. luvale uqhanqalazo lwekhampasi kwaye ukohlwaya amatshantliziyo eBDS anoxolo.
Uninzi lwama-Arabhu namaSilamsi aseMelika abona umgangatho ophindwe kabini. Ngokomzekelo, u-Rep. Rashida Tlaib (D-Michigan) - yedwa wasePalestina waseMelika kwiCongress - wagxekwa ngoogxa bakhe ngokwabelana ngevidiyo yabalwela amalungelo asePalestina kuqhanqalazo kunye nokuvumelana namaqela oluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ukuba abantu abaninzi basePalestine baphila phantsi kweemeko zocalucalulo ezazibekwe nguSirayeli.
Ngaba elinye ilungu leNkongolo lingajongana nokukhalinyelwa okunjalo kunye nokuhlaziswa koluntu ngokubiza ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu kwilizwe lamaSilamsi? Mhlawumbi akunjalo. Kodwa jonga kuyo nayiphi na ikona yemithombo yeendaba zentlalo, kwaye uya kufumana i-bigots ebanga ukuba uTlaib akangomthetho onoxolo kodwa "ngumnqolobi."
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela