Amanyathelo amatsha e-austerity apasiswe yipalamente yaseGrisi, nangona isininzi esimxinwa, ngoMatshi 30. Lo mthetho usayilwayo wawunamanqaku amathathu kuphela, abonakala enika isibetho sokugqibela kumalungelo abasebenzi aseleyo kunye namalungelo omhlalaphantsi, uqoqosho lwelizwe kunye nobunini bomhlaba boluntu. kunye neenkonzo.
Umthetho udla ngokudlula ngesininzi esimxinwa eGrisi. Kwipalamente yangoku, esi sininzi siqinisekiswa kakhulu ngotshintsho kumthetho wonyulo phambi konyulo lokugqibela, apho iqela lezopolitiko eliphumeleleyo lifumana ibhonasi yezihlalo zepalamente ezingama-50 ezongezelelweyo. Kangangokuba, iNew Democracy, elona qela liphambili kumfelandawonye olawulayo, inamalungu ePalamente amaninzi angahambisaniyo nevoti eyifumeneyo.
Umphathiswa wezemali ngoku, uYannis Stournaras, itekhnoloji, akazange anyulwe kodwa wonyulwa ngokuthe ngqo ngurhulumente. Kwakunjalo ngenye i-technocrat, uLucas Papademos, owamiselwa njengenkulumbuso kurhulumente wexeshana owenziwe ngoNovemba 2011 kunye nomsebenzi ochaziweyo wokuqhuba "i-troika" echasene nabantu (i-International Monetary Fund, i-European Union kunye ne-European Central Bank). izinyanzeliso.
Amanye amanyathelo angenademokhrasi athathwe ngurhulumente ngokufanayo ajonge ukuququzelela ukunyanzeliswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yakhe eyintlekele. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, urhulumente uye wawisa umthetho ovumela ukugxothwa kwabasebenzi bakarhulumente ngomyalelo kamongameli.
Oorhulumente abalandelelanayo ukususela kwisivumelwano sokuqala "sememorandam" batyholwa ngokuphulwa komgaqo-siseko. Ukuba semthethweni kwesivumelwano "sememorandamu" esisayinwe kunye ne "troika" kwi-2010 iye yagxekwa ngamagqwetha kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi. Ukuchaneka kwenkqubo xa kuvotelwa โimemorandamโ nako kuye kwathandatyuzwa.
Kungoku nje isiqhelo sikarhulumente sokubeka imithetho esayilwayo kwivoti yepalamente, ehlanganisa amanqaku amaninzi angahambelaniyo kwaye eyila imithetho eyilwayo โnjengengxamisekileyoโ. Injongo kukudlulisa amanyathelo angathandwayo ngokutyibilikayo nangokukhawuleza. Kwasetyenziswa iqhinga elifanayo ngoMatshi 30, xa kuvotwa amanyathelo alingana nememorandam yesine. Ngethuba upasiswa lo mthetho, abaqhankqalazi ngaphandle kwepalamente babethwa, bentywizisa bavalelwa ngamapolisa akhethekileyo.
Yayikukuqhubekeka kohlaselo lwexesha loxolo olungazange lubonwe kubantu baseGrisi. Olu hlaselo lwenzeka kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi yaye luchaphazela abantu ukusa kumlinganiselo wokuba ubomi babo bube sengozini.
Maxhoba
Awona maxhoba acacileyo ngabantu abakhethe ukuphelisa ubomi babo ngenxa yeengxaki ezinxulumene nobungqongqo. Inani lokuzibulala ukususela kwisivumelwano sokuqala "sememorandamu" malunga ne-5000. IGrisi ngoku ihamba phambili kwihlabathi kwizinga layo elikhulayo lokuzibulala. Inkqubo yokhathalelo lwempilo eye yajongelwa phantsi kakhulu ikwabangela ukubandezeleka okuninzi kwaye iyasilela ukunqanda ukufa okuqhelekileyo okuthintelekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuzibulala kunye nemiphumo emibi yokhathalelo lwempilo olungonelanga ngokunzulu yinxalenye yomfanekiso opheleleyo.
I-troika kunye norhulumente waseGrike, osebenzela iimfuno ezinkulu zenkampani, baye badiliza ngokukrakra amalungelo ezentlalo, ukusebenza kunye noluntu. Ngapha koko, baneenzipho zabo kumakhaya kunye nogcino lwebhanki lwabantu abaninzi. Urhulumente waseGrike uphinde uphanga abantu bepropati yoluntu kwizinga elikhulu, ukuthengisa iinkonzo ezisisiseko, amahlathi, amachweba, iindawo zoluntu kunye nezikhumbuzo - zonke imbuyekezo encinci. Injongo kukuphanga ubutyebi bendalo belizwe kwaye baxhaphaze kangangoko abantu balo abahlelelekileyo nabacinezelweyo.
Ukunyanzelisa amanyathelo akhohlakeleyo, amagunya achitha ngokukhawuleza konke ukuhanahanisa okuseleyo kwedemokhrasi. IGrisi ngoku iyafana nolawulo lobuzwilakhe, ngaphandle kobuso bayo bedemokhrasi. Amanyathelo anobundlobongela bezoqoqosho kunye nentlalontle ahambelana nokunyanzeliswa kobundlobongela kunye nokutshutshiswa ngokusemthethweni kwabantu abaqhelekileyo.
Ubundlobongela bamapolisa kunye namanye amaziko karhulumente bujolise ikakhulu kwabo baxhathisayo. Noko ke, ubugrogrisi borhulumente bugqugqisile kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi yaye buchaphazela abantu abaninzi. Ingcinezelo yamapolisa ekhohlakeleyo kwabo bafuna ubomi obundilisekileyo yinto yemihla ngemihla.
Kungoku nje, kukho izenzo eziguquguqukayo ezenziwa ngamaqela abantu abafana nabacoci, ootitshala noonogada besikolo, abagxothwa ngokungekho sikweni ngurhulumente kwaye baphinde bafune imisebenzi yabo. Into abayifumanayo ekuphenduleni kukungathobeli kunye nenkohlakalo yamapolisa.
Ubundlobongela bamapolisa kwabo bagxothiweyo kwinkonzo yezemali bebusoloko buthe gqolo ngexesha lomzabalazo wabo. Ifikelele incopho yayo nge-26 kaMatshi, xa abafazi abane abacocayo ababecela ukubona umphathiswa bahlatywa kabuhlungu kangangokuba balaliswa esibhedlele.
Amaxesha amaninzi, abaqhankqalazi bayabethwa ngamapolisa baze batshizwe ngemichiza eyityhefu kakhulu (ebizwa ngokuba โyigesi yokukrazulaโ ngembeko). Ngenxa yesi senzo sikhohlakeleyo, abantu baye banengxaki yokuphefumla, bophuka iingalo, bangeva ngenxa yeziqhushumbisi, okanye bonzakele kakhulu entloko okanye emehlweni.
Ngomhla wama-20 ku-Okthobha ka-2011, indoda yabhubha ngenxa yeengxaki ezibangelwa kukuphefumla irhasi yenyembezi ngexesha loqhanqalazo oluchasene nobungqongqo ngaphandle kwepalamente.
Ikhohlo ekujoliswe kuyo
Yinkqubo eqhelekileyo yamapolisa ukujolisa kumbutho wasekhohlo, iintatheli ezithatha iifoto kunye neentatheli kunye namaLungu ePalamente anyuliweyo. AmaLungu ePalamente amabini asuka kumanyano oluphikisayo lwe-Radical Left (SYRIZA) afungiswa, akhatywa ngenkohlakalo aza abethwa ngeentonga zamapolisa ngexesha lomsebenzi wobufundisi ngoFebruwari kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Oku kwenzeka nangona bebebonisa amakhadi abo e-MP emapoliseni.
Ityala elaziwayo lentatheli ephathwe kakubi ngamapolisa lelo lentatheli yezithombe uMarios Lolos. Wasinda cebetshu ekufeni xa wabethwa ngenduku yamapolisa ngexesha loqhanqalazo ngo-Epreli ka-2012 waza wenziwa utyando ngenxa yomonzakalo wokwenzakala kwengqondo. Waye wabethwa entloko ngamapolisa ngexesha loqhanqalazo izihlandlo ezimbalwa ngaphambili.
Ukukroboza iikhamera zexabiso eliphezulu yenye indlela ethandwayo esetyenziswa ngamapolisa ukunqanda ukuvezwa koluntu ngezenzo zawo.
NgoFebruwari 12, 2012, njengoko amanyathelo angqwabalala anxulumene nesivumelwano sesibini โsememorandamโ sasixoxwa epalamente, amapolisa adubula ngeenyembezi kuloo ndibano ngaphandle kwesakhiwo. Benze lo mboniso wokuqina ecaleni kombhali weengoma wodumo uMikis Theodorakis kunye nosopolitiki owaziwayo kwihlabathi lasekhohlo uManolis Glezos, kanye xa la madoda mabini ebeza kuthetha nenginginya. Abezopolitiko bebenengxaki yokuphefumla kwaye basiwa kwisibhedlele sasepalamente ukuze bafumane unyango.
Amapolisa awakhathali malunga nokutshiza ngqo ebusweni babantu okanye ngokukhululekileyo asebenzise imichiza ngaphandle kwezibhedlele, iinkulisa okanye ezikolweni.
Skouries
NgoMatshi 2013, amapolisa adubula ngeenyembezi kwidolophu yase-Ierissos. Ujoliso lwabo ibingabantu abaqhankqalaza ngokuchasene nokwembiwa kwemigodi kwihlathi elikufutshane eSkouries kwingingqi yeHalkidiki. Ezinye iziqhushumbisi zaphoswa ngqo kwiyadi yesikolo, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba abafundi bangabikho zingqondweni baze balaliswe esibhedlele.
Umzabalazo ochasene nokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokwembiwa kwemigodi ubumhle kakhulu. Iye yafumana inkxaso eninzi kulo lonke elaseGrisi. Uqhanqalazo olukhulu luye lwenzeka kulo mmandla nakweminye imimandla yaseGrisi.
Imiqathango yesivumelwano phakathi korhulumente waseGrisi kunye nenkampani yemigodi, i-Eldorado Gold, iyahlazisa. Umgodi, ekulindeleke ukuba ubuyise ii-euro ezingama-22 eebhiliyoni, unikwe inkampani njengesipho kwi-11 yezigidi zeeyuro. Indawo enkulu (ebandakanya izindlu zabantu!) yaphoswa ngaphakathi, kunye nezakhiwo, umhlaba owongezelelweyo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza.
Ngaphandle kwezo ngqwalasela, unobangela omkhulu wenkxalabo ngumonakalo olindelekileyo ongenakulungiseka kokusingqongileyo, oya kunwenwela kwiradiyasi engamakhulu amawaka eekhilomitha. Imiphumo yokusingqongileyo, umhlaba, umoya, ulwandle, amanzi, ikhonkco lokutya, impilo yabantu, ezolimo, ukuloba, imisebenzi nokhenketho iya kuba mikhulu kakhulu.
Urhulumente uye wasebenzisa amapolisa ngokuphandle njengabakhonzi abanomdla kwishishini ngokuchasene nabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ubundlongondlongo bamapolisa kunye nokubanjwa ngokungekho mthethweni, ukuvalelwa kunye nezenzo zokutshutshisa zigqithise.
Ngelinge lokuthintela inkcaso, amapolisa ebesoloko egrogrisa amatshantliziyo alo mmandla ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngentseni ye-10 ka-Aprili 2013, amapolisa aqhekeza iingcango zangaphambili zezindlu ezimbini, ngelixa iintsapho ezazingaphakathi zazilele, ukuze kubanjwe amadoda amabini angamatshantliziyo. La madoda mabini kutyholwa ukuba enze umonakalo kwizinto zale nkampani.
Ngesinye isihlandlo, ngo-Oktobha 21, 2012, ebudeni boqhankqalazo oluseluxolweni olwalurhangqwe ngamapolisa amane akhethekileyo, amapolisa adubula intywenka yemichiza aza abatyhola aba baqhankqalazi, abasukela abantu, athukisa, ebetha, eqhekeza iifestile zemoto, eqhekeza amatayara emoto nokujula negesi. iziqhushumbisi - nokuba kwiimoto ezinabakhweli. Bahlasele amalungu ePalamente, bathumela abantu esibhedlele, babamba abantu abali-14 kwaye abazange bawavumele amagqwetha ukuba angene kwisikhululo samapolisa iiyure ezininzi.
Amapolisa ahlala esebenza ngokubambisana nokhuseleko lwabucala lwenkampani kwicala lenkampani ngokuchasene nentando yabantu kunye nentlalontle. I-Ofisi yoMphathiswa woLawulo loLuntu kunye nokuKhuselwa kwaBemi ayifihli ukuba ibakhusela abemi bani.
Iminqweno yabucala
Amapolisa akwabonakalise inzondelelo egqithisileyo ekujongeni umdla omkhulu wabucala kuqhanqalazo oluchasene nokwanda kwezikhululo zendlela kunye nemirhumo ehlawuliswa ukwakhiwa kakubi kunye nokungakhathalelwa kweendlela zelizwe. Ukwenziwa kwabucala kolwakhiwo lweendlela nokugcinwa kwayo kube yinzuzo enkulu kwaye izikhululo ezirhafisayo ziqhubeka zisasazeka ngokungekho ngqiqweni. Imirhumo iphezulu ngendlela eyothusayo kwaye ihlala inyuka, ngelixa iindlela ezichaphazelekayo zingakhuselekanga. Njengomqondiso, iindleko zokuhlawulelwa kweendlela ezipheleleyo phakathi kwe-Athene kunye neThessaloniki, umgama weekhilomitha ze-503, ukuqhuba zombini iindlela, yi-58.30 euro.
Esinye isenzo sobundlobongela ukwenzela inzuzo yabucala, ukubuyisela umva amalungelo edemokhrasi kunye nokufikelela kulwazi olunenjongo ngakumbi yaba kukuvalwa ngequbuliso ngokungekho mthethweni kweERT (iRadio nomabonakude wesiGrike), umsasazi wesizwe unomathotholo nomabonakude, ngoJuni ophelileyo. Ithatyathelwe indawo yinkonzo yosasazo entsha ekumgangatho ophantsi kakhulu kunye nokubandakanyeka okuphezulu kweenkampani zabucala. Abasebenzi ngoku basebenza phantsi kweemeko ezimbi kakhulu.
Isicwangciso esifanayo siyaqhuba ngoku ngoogqirha bakarhulumente benkonzo yokhathalelo lwempilo. Oku kuya kubangela ukugxothwa, iimeko ezimandundu kubasebenzi abaseleyo kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweentlawulo zokhathalelo lwempilo olubi.
Kwagqogqa izikolo
Naluphi na uhlobo locelomngeni kokungekho sikweni okunjalo luyathintelwa. Amagosa asebupoliseni ade agqogqa nezikolo, ebonakala ukuba ajonga izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho okanye abhaqe abafundi abatshaya kwizindlu zangasese Olu xanduva lulawulwa licandelo lezemfundo kuphela. Kulula ukucinga ukuba eyona njongo kukuseka imeko yolawulo lwamapolisa kunye nobugrogrisi ezikolweni ukuze kuthintelwe amanyathelo achasene norhulumente ngabafundi.
Oku kungqinwa ziziganeko zakutsha nje zamapolisa ecela ulwazi kwiinqununu ngamatshantliziyo angabafundi. Abafundi abathathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yesikolo babizelwa kwisikhululo samapolisa. Bancinwa ngeentsapho zabo kunye neembono zabo zopolitiko zootitshala kunye neendlela zokuvota, banyanzelwa ukuba banike ulwazi ngendima yabanye abafundi kwimisebenzi kwaye bahlala besiwa enkundleni. Kwangaloo moya mnye, ootitshala bezikolo eziphakamileyo bayatshutshiswa ngenxa yokuvakalisa izimvo zabo malunga nemisebenzi yeentlanganiso zabazali nootitshala.
Ngokunjalo, abasebenzi bakamasipala bayagocagocwa ngomsebenzi wabo wemanyano.
Okokuqala emva kweentsuku ezimnyama ze-junta yasemkhosini, eyaphela ngo-1974, ezi ntlobo zezenzo ziphinde zaba yinto eqhelekileyo. Ukuvalwa koqhankqalazo, iindibano neematshi nako kusikhumbuza ngaloo maxesha.
Ngaphandle kochaso lwezopolitiko, kwanentshukumo yomanyano loluntu olusuka kwiphiko lasekhohlo okanye kumaqela oluntu iyohlwaywa. Utyando lwentlalo ngabasebenzi bokhathalelo lwempilo kunye neemarike zokutya ezivulekileyo ezinexabiso elifanelekileyo lemveliso ezithengiswa ngokuthe ngqo ngumvelisi zihlala zihlukunyezwa ngamapolisa.
Kukwakho neziganeko zokuziphatha okugqithisileyo kwamapolisa, njengokungcungcuthekiswa kwamatsha ntliziyo okanye abaphambukeli eluvalelweni. Ityala elinye elaziwayo lamapolisa angcungcuthekisa amatshantliziyo achasene ne-fascist labikwa kwi Guardian Oktobha 2012.
Ukubona ukuba amapolisa akohlwaywa ngokupheleleyo phantse kuzo zonke iimeko, sisigqibo esisengqiqweni sokuba ezi ndlela zixhaswa yimiyalelo karhulumente.
Amapolisa anikwe igunya lokujonga abantu ukuba abanamatyala erhafu. Kuninzi ukubanjwa kwabantu abadala ababuthathaka ngenxa yamatyala erhafu abangelwa yimigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente exhaphaza ngabom. Linyukile inani labantu ababanjelwe amatyala. Malunga ne-210,000 yabahlawuli berhafu ngoku bagrogriswa ngentolongo yamatyala erhafu asezantsi njenge-5000 euros (phantse i-7500 yeedola).
Entolongweni
Iimeko zentolongo ziye zaba mandundu. Kokokuqala ukuba iintolongo zaseGrisi zixinene ngolu hlobo. Bangaphezu kwe-10,000 abantu abagcinwe kwiintolongo ezinomthamo wamabanjwa angama-5584. Akukho nakuphi na ukufudumeza okanye ukhathalelo lwempilo, kwaye amabanjwa achanabeka kwizifo ezosulelayo ezisongela ubomi.
Phantsi kwezi meko, ibanjwa lenzalelwane yaseAlbania labethwa laza lafa ngoonogada basentolongweni ngoMatshi 27. Lalilindele ukuchotshelwa kwetyala lokuhlatywa ngokubulala omnye woogxa babo. Iimeko zokubulawa kwalo nogada kusazophandwa.
Ukwaphulwa komthetho ngurhulumente namaziko akhe sele kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Oku kujongelwa phantsi kwedemokhrasi, okuyimfuneko ekumiselweni kwemigaqo-nkqubo yobuqaba, kuncediswa yinkxaso enikwa urhulumente ngezinye iindlela.
Imithombo yeendaba eqhelekileyo inceda urhulumente kunye nomsebenzi owonakalisayo we-troika, ngokuguqula uluvo loluntu. Abacholacholi beendaba abaphumeza lo msebenzi banandipha amalungelo akhethekileyo, ngoxa abo benza umsebenzi onyanisekileyo ngokufuthi befumana ubunzima.
Umcholacholi weendaba uPopi Christodoulidou uxele ulwazi esele lupapashiwe kwigazethi karhulumente ngoFebruwari. Wayevalelwe kwaye waphandwa ngokukhupha iimfihlo zomkhosi, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba inqaku lakhe alizange lithandeke ngabasemagunyeni.
Ulawulo lwegunya kunye nobundlobongela buye bangena kuluntu lwamaGrike ngokubanzi. Amapolisa kunye noonogada babucala ngoku babonwa yonke indawo. Ubundlobongela obuchasene namaqela amancinci kunye nabasetyhini bafikelele kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezingazange zibonwe ngaphambili - ngaphezu kwenyani la maqela sele echaphazelekayo kakhulu kwiinkqubo zorhulumente ezinobundlobongela.
Neo Nazis
Amalungu e-Neo-Nazi Golden Dawn, aqhele ukuba ngamaqela emigulukudu, aye ahlasela kwaye ebulala abafuduki ngenxa yenkangeleko yabo kunye nokuma kwabo ekuhlaleni. Abantu abasekhohlo, amaqela okanye ii-ofisi nazo bezijoliswe kuko. Umrepha ochasene nobuFascist uPavlos Fyssas wayengumntu wokuqala ongengomfuduki ukubulawa ngootsotsi beGolden Dawn. Ukususela ngelo xesha, izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho zeqela lemigulukudu zaziwa ngokubanzi.
Nangona lo msebenzi wehlile, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yesenzo esinamandla sokuchasa ubufazi, uye wavula indlela yemigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente wocalucalulo.
Okokuqala kwimbali yelizwe, kukho iinkampu zoxinaniso zabafuduki, kunye namawakawaka abantu abavalelwe kwiimeko ezimandundu. Kwakhona, kukho ukukhutshwa okuninzi kwamaKurdish namatshantliziyo aseTurkey ngokusekelwe kwiinkolelo zabo zezopolitiko kunye nomsebenzi.
Isimo sengqondo esifanayo sakhokelela kwishwangusha leembacu ezili-12 kunye nezalamane zazo ezisindileyo kufutshane nesiqithi saseFamakonisi kuLwandle lweAegean ngoFebruwari odluleyo. Bangene kwelo lizwe ngephenyane, kodwa abalindi baselunxwemeni bathi babatyhalela ngasemva; Abantu abali-12 barhaxwa.
Emva kweso siganeko (esisinye kuphela sothotho lweentlekele ezifanayo), urhulumente wagqiba ekubeni azise umthetho obonelela ngokukhutshwa kwabafuduki abafunyenwe ukuba baxele amagosa ngobundlobongela. Kuqikelelwa ukuba, izigqibo zenkundla ziya kusekelwa kubungqina bamahlakani abenzi bobubi.
Umba onxulumeneyo kukufikelela ngokungqongqo kwinkxaso yezomthetho kwabo bangenawo amandla, ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kwamandla eenkonzo zenkxaso yezomthetho kunye neentlawulo zezomthetho zikarhulumente ezingenangqiqo. Ngaphezulu koko, inani lamatyala enkundla liye landa ngendlela eyothusayo ngenxa yeengxaki zoqoqosho nezentlalo (kubandakanywa nolwaphulo-mthetho) olubangelwa yimigaqo-nkqubo โyememorandamโ. Ukuxoxwa kwamatyala embambano kuhlehliswa ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka emine, ngelixa kuqhelekile ukuba amatyala anxulumene namatyala acwangciselwe ukuxoxwa kwetyala ngo-2022.
Kukho eminye imiba emininzi kunye neziganeko zokukhukuliseka kwamalungelo edemokhrasi okwenzeka eGrisi. Kodwa kwicala eliqaqambileyo, kuye kwakho ukuxhathisa okukhulu kunye noloyiso olungaphelelanga.
Nangona kunjalo, umzabalazo kufuneka ulungelelaniswe ngakumbi, ulungelelaniswe kwaye umanyane - kungenjalo akukho themba lokubhukuqa le nkqubo ingenabuntu.
[Uguqulelo olufutshane lwenqaku luvele kwi Luhlaza sasekhohlo veki nganye #1004.]
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela
1 amagqabantshintshi
Ingaba konke oku kulinganisa njani ngokuchasene neenqobo ezixabisekileyo zeManyano yaseYurophu.