Iimanyano zaseGrike ziqalise uqhankqalazo lweentsuku ezimbini ngoFebruwari 10 ngokuchasene nemilinganiselo emitsha yobungqongqo "i-troika" ye-International Monetary Fund, i-European Central Bank kunye ne-European Union ifuna ukunyanzelisa ilizwe elisezantsi laseYurophu. Isivumelwano siza kunika iGrisi "ibheyile-ngaphandle" entsha exabisa i-130 yeebhiliyoni zee-euro (i-161 yeebhiliyoni zeedola) njengembuyekezo yokunciphisa inkcitho entsha.
Phakathi koqhanqalazo oluqhubekayo ezitalatweni kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala, ikhabhinethi yaseGrisi yasivuma isivumelwano ngoFebruwari 10. Amalungu ekhabhinethi amathandathu arhoxa ngoqhanqalazo. Ipalamente yaseGrisi ibicwangciselwe ukuvota kwisivumelwano ngokuhlwa kwe-12 kaFebruwari.
Apha ngezantsi, Afrodity Giannakis ubhala eThessaloniki ngempembelelo yobungqongqo kuluntu lwamaGrike.
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Ndisebenza njengomfundisi-ntsapho osisigxina wesiNgesi kwilali yamaGrike, apho ndiqhuba yonke imihla ukusuka ekhayeni lam eThessaloniki.
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, bendikhangela imagazini kwindawo endihlala kuyo malunga nentsimbi yesithoba ngaphambi kokuba ndiye emsebenzini. Ndafumanisa ukuba zonke iivenkile ezikuloo bloki zaziwavalile amaqhoshana, ngaphandle kweyodwa ekufutshane nekhaya lam, eyayingenalo iphephancwadi.
Ukuvalwa kweevenkile kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwi-neoliberal capitalist Greece, kodwa imeko iye yanda ngokukhawuleza ukususela ngoMeyi 2010. Elo yayilixesha lememorandam yokuqala, eyanyanzeliswa eGrisi yi "troika" (i-European Union, i-European Central Bank kunye ne I-International Monetary Fund - IMF) kunye neGreek Panhellenic Socialist Movement (Pasok) urhulumente.
Abanini beevenkile kunyanzeleke ukuba bavale ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla okusebenzisa, kudityaniswe neendleko eziphezulu zikarhulumente kunye nezinye iindleko.
Ndaqhuba kwindlela yelizwe ukuya emsebenzini, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-45 ukusuka eThessaloniki. Kude kube ngoku bendisebenza kumgama ongama-80km kude nekhaya. Kunyaka ophelileyo ndisebenze umgama ongama-700km kude kwaye akuqinisekwanga ukuba ndiza kubekwa phi kunyaka wesikolo ozayo.
Ukubekwa kude kube yinto eqhelekileyo kubafundisi-ntsapho bamaGrike ixesha elide. Into entsha kukukhula kokuxhatshazwa, ukuqina komsebenzi kunye nokungakhuseleki kwemisebenzi ngokubanzi.
Ngoku, kuya kuba nzima ukuba ootitshala bakwazi ukuziphilisa xa kufuneka bemke ekhaya. Ukuba nomsebenzi konke konke nako akuqinisekanga kakhulu.
Isizathu kukuba i-troika, ngokubambisana ngokusondeleyo kunye norhulumente waseGrike ongakhethwanga obekwe yi-troika, uye wagqiba ekubeni ukukhutshwa kwecandelo likawonkewonke.
Amanxeba akhubazayo
Izicwangciso ziyinxalenye yesivumelwano sesibini sememorandam phakathi kwe-troika kunye norhulumente waseGrisi.
Le memorandam ibandakanya ukucuthwa kwe-14.3 yeebhiliyoni zee-euro phakathi kwe-2012 kunye ne-2015, iqala nge-3.3 yeebhiliyoni zee-euro kulo nyaka.
Ngabantu baseGrike abazizigidi ezili-11, ezi zibalo zifika kwixabiso eliphezulu ngentloko nganye. Oku kothusa ngakumbi ukuba sicinga ukuba uninzi lwabantu baseGrike bahlala kubuhlwempu obugqithisileyo.
Inani labantu baseGrike abahlala phantsi okanye ngaphantsi kwentlupheko lingaphezulu kwe-3 yezigidi kunye nokunyuka.
Isivumelwano esitsha siquka ukugxothwa kwe-150,000 kwicandelo likarhulumente okuza kuqhutywa ngowama-2015. Njengesiqalo, abasebenzi bakarhulumente abayi-15,000 baza kuphulukana nemisebenzi yabo kulo nyaka.
Ukugxothwa ngoko nangoko kootitshala bethutyana abangama-22,500 nabethutyana nabo baye baphakanyiswa.
I-troika ithe gqolo ukutyhala ukucuthwa kwangoko kumanani abasebenzi basemkhosini. Oku kunokubangela inkxalabo ekukhanyeni kweengxelo ezisemthethweni zamva nje zokuba nantoni na enokwenzeka eGrisi.
Ukusukela kwimemorandam yokuqala ukuya phambili, amanyathelo aphakanyiswe kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ekugqibeleni aphunyeziwe. Ukuhlaselwa kwabantu baseGrike kubonakala kuyinxalenye yesicwangciso esicingisiswe kakuhle.
Umzekelo, oongxowankulu kunye nabameli babo bezopolitiko kudala befuna ukuba kupheliswe umsebenzi osisigxina wenkonzo karhulumente. Bakwajolise ekupheliseni izivumelwano ezidityanelweyo.
Ngaphaya koko, owayesakuba yinkulumbuso yasePasok uGeorge Papandreou wenze amalungiselelo okunikezela iGrisi kwi-IMF ngaphambi kokuba iqela lakhe liphumelele unyulo luka-2009.
Amanyathelo achasene nabantu baseGrike awazange abonwe ngaphambili. Abantu bahlala bexinezelekile, bengazi ukuba yintoni elandelayo.
Abahlobo bam, abantu endisebenza nabo, amaqabaneโabantu abaninzi endidibana naboโababonakali bencuma ngendlela ababeqhele ukuncuma ngayo. Babonakala becinga, bengonwabanga, belahlekile, bade badandatheke.
Iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo zokugxothwa kwecandelo likarhulumente ziya kuba ngaphezulu kwentswela-ngqesho (inani elisemthethweni ngoku liyi-20.9%) kunye nokudodobala koqoqosho.
Emsebenzini wam, emva kokugxothwa kootitshala bexeshana nabangenamsebenzi, kuya kunyuka iiyure zokufundisa ubuso ngobuso kwabo basalayo. Akufuneki ukuthetha, akusayi kubakho ukunyuka kwemivuzo okukhaphayo.
La manyathelo angqongqo ayenzeka ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yeemeko ezimaxongo kubafundi nakootitshala.
Kukho ukunqongophala okukhwankqisayo kweencwadi zesikolo, malunga ne-2000 yezikolo ezivaliweyo kunyaka wesikolo odlulileyo, iiklasi zinyukile kwaye inkxaso-mali yemfundo yehla ukuya kwi-2.75% ye-gross national product.
Izikolo azinayo imali eyaneleyo yokufotokopa iphepha okanye ukufudumeza indlu. Kubusika balo nyaka obuqhaqhazelisโ amazinyo, abafundi nootishala bebenezifundo benxibe iidyasi zabo. Kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba izikolo zivalwe ngenxa yokungafudumezi ngokwaneleyo.
Ukudodobala koqoqosho kuya kuba mandundu ngokucuthwa kowona mvuzo uphantsi ngama-22% (ama-32% kubasebenzi abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-25). Umvuzo omncinci uya kuwela kwii-euro ezingama-600 (i-A $ 741) ngenyanga (i-473 euro ecacileyo, encinci kubantu abancinci) ukusuka kwi-739 ye-euro gross echazwe kwi-National General Collective Agreement.
Ilahleko eqikelelwayo ngumvuzo weenyanga ezintathu ngonyaka. Oku kuza phezu kokuthotywa okukhulu kwemivuzo ukusukela ngo-2010.
Inzuzo yokungaphangeli, inkamnkam kunye neebhonasi nazo ziyakuchaphazeleka. I-dole iya kuhla ukuya kwi-369 euros ngenyanga ukusuka kwi-461 euro.
Ubuncinci bokucuthwa komvuzo uya kuhla kuzo zonke izibiyeli zomvuzo.
Imali yomhlalaphantsi nayo iza kucuthwa. Ipenshoni kumashishini oluntu afana nenkampani yombane yaseGreece, kunye nemivuzo kunye nesigxina somsebenzi, kulindeleke ukuba ichaphazeleke kakhulu. Ingcaciso enikiweyo yeyokwenza la mashishini โakhuphisaneโ ngakumbi phambi kokuthengiswa kwamashishini abucala.
Ukuvala phantsi
Ukuqhuba ukuya emsebenzini kundibiza phantse ii-euro ezingama-300 ngenyanga, ngelixa umvuzo wam wehle waya kuma-euro angama-800 ngenyanga ngokucacileyo, ukusuka ngaphezulu kwe-1200 phambi kwememorandam yokuqala.
Imivuzo yenkonzo karhulumente yehliswe malunga nama-40% ukususela kwimemorandam yokuqala. Okona kuncitshiswa kwamva nje, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50%, kwenziwe ngo-Okthobha odlulileyo. Okunye ukucuthwa komvuzo omkhulu kucetywa ekupheleni kwalo nyaka.
Ndisakwazi ukubambelela kwinqwelo-mafutha yam; ukusebenzisa izithuthi zikawonke-wonke emsebenzini kuya kuba nzima kakhulu.
Abantu abaninzi baye bancama iimoto zabo ngenxa yeengxaki zemali. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso epetroli, nokunyuka kwamanani okubhaliswa kweemoto ne-inshorensi yemoto, kuye kwayenza yandonga le ngxaki.
Malunga nama-160,000 eenombolo-nombolo zamanani anikezelwe kwisebe lerhafu ekupheleni konyaka-mali ka-2010. Kunyaka ophelileyo, eli nani lidlule kuma-250,000.
Ayimangalisi into yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli kwehle ngama-22% kulo nyaka uphelileyo, nto leyo ebangele ukuba kuvalwe izikhululo zepetroli ezingaphezu kwe-1500 kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo. Amawaka emisebenzi aye aphelelwa ngenxa yoko.
Ndiqhuba ndisiya emsebenzini, ndajika endleleni ukuze ndiphephe ukuhlawula iirhafu zendlela. Ngaphezulu kwamaxabiso aphezulu okubhaliswa kwemoto kunye nerhafu ephezulu yokusetyenziswa kwepetroli, abantu baseGrike kufuneka bahlawule iindleko zendlela kwiinkampani ezizimeleyo.
Ndaqhubeka ndikhangela eli phephancwadi njengoko ndandiqhuba kancinane kwiidolophana ezintathu. Uvakalelo lwentshabalalo lwalungavakaliswanga njengakwiidolophu ezinkulu okanye izixeko, kodwa uninzi lweevenkile lubonakala ngathi luvalile mva nje, zineempawu zevenkile kunye nezorhwebo.
Ekugqibeleni ndafumana ivenkilana esebenza, kwilali yokugqibela nenkulu. Ekugqibeleni ndalithenga iphephancwadi lam.
Kwangolo suku lunye, ebudeni bekhefu, andizange ndikwazi ukufumana isebe leNational Bank of Greece kwidolophana endisebenza kuyo. Ndabona iofisi yesebe kwindawo esembindini. Kwakubonakala ngathi kuyalungiswa, kodwa kwafumaniseka ukuba isebe livaliwe.
Ndaba namava afanayo ndikhangela indawo ye-doner kebab, isikhululo esithile sepetroli, ibhanki ethile apho ndandidla khona ukuhlawula iindleko zam zegesi yendalo kunye nevenkile enkulu yezithambiso endiyisebenzisayo.
Zonke zivaliwe, zingenanto kwaye zinothuli, ezinye iimpawu zisavuliwe kwaye iifestile zisebenza njengeebhodi zezaziso.
Inani elikhulu labantu abangenamakhaya banokubonwa behlala kwiindawo ezivulekileyo. Kukho abantu abangama-25,000 abangenamakhaya e-Athene kuphela, bakhutshwe kwiindawo ezingasetyenziswanga zikawonke-wonke ngusodolophu onxulumene nePasok.
Abantu abaninzi abangenamakhaya bayasweleka ebudeni bobusika balo nyaka obuqhaqhazelisa amazinyo.
Iinkonzo zentlalo-ntle yoluntu, kwakunye nezikolo nezibhedlele, zonke zidiliziwe.
Abantu baqhutyelwa kwintlupheko emdaka kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba, njengoko amalungelo okusebenza epheliswa kwaye amashishini oluntu kunye nezixhobo ziyathengiswa. Kwangaxeshanye, ukunyuka kweerhafu, kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso okungapheliyo, akunyamezeleki.
Amashumi amawaka amakhaya kunye namashishini amancinci acinywe umbane ngenxa yamatyala angahlawulwanga.
Abantwana abaninzi bayafa isiqaqa ezikolweni emva kokulamba kangangeentsuku kuba abazali babo bengenamali yokuthenga ukutya. Linyuke kakhulu inani labantwana abathunyelwa kumakhaya eenkedama.
Kwiindawo ezininzi, iicawe okanye amaqela asebumelwaneni akhupha ubugxwayiba kumahlwempu. Abantu abachitha imigqomo yenkunkuma befuna ukutya ngoku yinto eqhelekileyo eGrisi.
Isebe lezempilo lamaGrike linikela ingxelo ngeengxaki ezingokwengqondo namazinga okuzibulala aye anda ngendlela emangalisayo.
Isivumelwano esitsha
Ngelinge lokukhohlisa abantu, abaphathiswa baseGrike baye bathi baxoxisana kakhulu ne-troika ngaphambi kokusayina isivumelwano. Babeka umboniso omkhulu wokuzama ukumisa okunye ukusikwa kwebhonasi, ekucingelwa ukuba kuye kwamiswa ekugqibeleni.
Namagosa karhulumente athetha ngokukhula koqoqosho. Nge-4 kaFebruwari, emva kwentetho ende kunye ne-troika, umphathiswa wezemali waseGrike, u-Evangelos Venizelos, wacela bonke abantu baseGrike ukuba bahlale bemanyene kwaye benze into yabo "ukusindisa ilizwe".
Ngokusebenzisa imilinganiselo eyongezelelekileyo, urhulumente wenza nzulu ukudodobala koqoqosho aze atshabalalise ubomi boninzi lwabantu abaninzi.
NgoNovemba ophelileyo, intloko ye-European Commission Task Force yaseGrisi, uHorst Reichenbach, uthe iGrisi yayingekakulungeli utyalo-mali, njengoko ingazange ibethe phantsi. Awudingi enkulu kwezopolitiko okanye kwezoqoqosho ukuze ubone into egcinelwe abantu baseGrike.
Abantu bacatshukiswa yimikhosi yezopolitiko exhasa imemorandam. I-Pasok i-polling 7-9.5% (iza kwisihlanu), elinye iqela elikhulu, i-Conservative New Democracy ine-19% kwaye ikude i-Popular Orthodox Alert (LAOS) yehle ukuya kwi-4%.
Iqela lamaKomanisi laseGrisi (KKE) kunye neManyano yeRadical Left (Syriza) bavota malunga ne-9% nganye.
Ikhohlo kufuneka isebenzise eli thuba lembali, idibanise imikhosi kwaye incede abantu baseGrike babuyisele ubomi babo. Kufuneka babonise indlela eya phambili, endaweni yokulinda unyulo ngokungenzi nto.
Kufuneka sizitshitshise izicwangciso zongxowankulu. Eliphupha libi kufuneka liphele kwaye ongxowankulu abasayi kuyeka ngaphandle kokuba sibanqande.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela