Imbumba esandulโ ukusekwa yamaqela akhuthazayo iye yaqalisa iphulo lokuphelisa ulawulo lwe-Duke Energy oluhlala luhleli yedwa kuninzi lwenkqubo yombane yaseNorth Carolina ngethemba lokuba ukuvumela ukhuphiswano phakathi kweejeneretha zamandla kuya kukhawulezisa ukutshintshela kumandla acocekileyo kwaye kuzise isiqabu songcoliseko kuluntu olusesichengeni.
Amalungu Energy Justice NC umanyano lubandakanya imibutho yasekuhlaleni, yengingqi, neyesizwe yokusingqongileyo nentlalontle. Phakathi kwazo kukho i-350.org, i-Appalachian Voices, iZiko le-Biological Diversity, i-Down East Coal Ash Coalition, i-Food and Water Watch, i-Friends of the Earth, kunye ne-NC Environmental Justice Network. Elinye ilungu lomanyano yi-climate watchdog NC WARN, enexesha elide icinezelwe ukugqiba kwimonopoly kaDuke.
Umfelandawonye usandula ukubamba inkomfa yabezindaba e-Raleigh ukubhengeza ukusekwa kwayo kunye nokuchaza iinjongo zayo, ezibandakanya ukufumana amagosa karhulumente kunye nasekhaya ukuba ayeke ukwamkela inkampani. igalelo lezopolitiko kunye nabaqeshwe kwi-N.C. Utilities Commission abaya kumelana noDuke babeke umdla woluntu kuqala. Umfelandawonye ubhengeze ukuba usungula i isikhalazo sokukhetha amandla eNorth Carolina kwaye wamema abantu, imibutho, kunye namashishini ukuba asayine. Ikwathe ilandela umthetho, nangona kungekho namnye owazisiweyo okwangoku.
"Ulawulo lwamandla kaDuke, apho amandla amdaka eyinkosi, kufuneka aphele," utshilo uJean Su, umlawuli wamandla kwiZiko leBiological Diversity. "Ingxaki yemozulu ifuna ukuba siyeke amafutha efosili ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ukubamba kukaDuke eNorth Carolina kumisa inguqu yamandla acocekileyo kumkhondo wayo."
Ngokusekwe eCharlotte, eNorth Carolina, iDuke Energy ngoyena mnikezeli wamandla omkhulu wase-US, evelisa ipesenti ezingama-90 zombane osetyenziswa kwilizwe lasekhaya. Ikwayeyona iphezulu i-carbon emitter phakathi kwezixhobo zase-US, ngokweZiko laMandla kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo. Kwi-2017, oko khululwe malunga ne-105 yezigidi zeetoni ze-carbon dioxide iyodwa, ehle ukusuka phantse kwi-153 yezigidi ngo-2014.
Njengoko ukukhutshwa kwayo okuhlayo kubonisa, iDuke Energy ibe njalo ukwandisa umthamo wayo wamandla ahlaziyekayo kule minyaka yangoku. Ngokwengxelo yamva nje yozinzo yenkampani, ukuhlukahluka kokuveliswa kwayo ngokwesikhundla sobunikazi ziipesenti ezingama-39 zegesi yendalo kunye neoyile yamafutha, iipesenti ezingama-36 zamalahle, iipesenti ezili-18 zenyukliya, kunye neepesenti ezisi-7 zamandla ombane kunye nelanga. Kodwa abagxeki bathi Isicwangciso sangoku sikaDuke ukuba ne-renewables, kuquka i-hydropower, imele i-14 yepesenti yomthamo wayo wokuvelisa nge-2030 ayanelanga ukuba izazinzulu zemozulu ezihamba phambili zehlabathi. ndilumkisile ukuba uluntu luneminyaka eli-12 kuphela yokubamba ubushushu behlabathi bufikelele kwiqondo eliphezulu le-1.5 ngokukaCelsius, ngaphaya koko imingcipheko yembalela, izikhukula, kunye nobushushu obugqithisileyo buba mbi kakhulu.
Abaxhasi bamandla acocekileyo nabo banayo bagxekwa ukuthembela okukhulayo kwenkampani kwigesi yendalo, eyimethane ubukhulu becala igesi yegreenhouse enamandla kakhulu kwixesha elifutshane. UDuke ngomnye wamaqabane kwi-Atlantic Coast Pipeline, a iprojekthi ephikisanayo ngomkhulu Ubulungisa bokusingqongileyo eyayiza kuthwala igesi eqhekekileyo ukusuka eWest Virginia ukuya kuMantla Carolina. Irhasi eninzi yendalo ivuza emoyeni ngexesha lokomba, ukuthuthwa, nokugcinwa kangangokuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo ukwenza umbane kuyalingana. eyonakalisa ngakumbi kwimozulu kumashumi eminyaka ezayo kunokusetyenziswa kwamalahle.
Iimonopoli zilawula uMzantsi
Ukuhlaziya imarike yombane yaseNorth Carolina kuya kuthetha ukuphelisa imigaqo-nkqubo yexesha elide eliye lashiya uMzantsi kakhulu ngaphandle kokhuphiswano phakathi kweenkampani zamandla.
Umbane waveliswa okokuqala ukuhanjiswa kwezorhwebo kwi-1880s, kwaye iinkxalabo zezoqoqosho kunye nezokhuseleko zakhokelela kulawulo lweshishini - okokuqala ngoomasipala, ngoko ngamazwe. Ishishini lakhawuleza lajongwa njenge "monopoly yendalo" esebenza ngokufanelekileyo ukuba inani lababoneleli kwimarike enikeziweyo lalithintelwe, ukuba ishishini "lidityaniswe ngokuthe nkqo" (oku kuthetha ukuba iinkampani ezifanayo zivelise amandla kunye neenkqubo zokusasaza ezisebenzayo), kwaye ukuba ulwakhiwo lweendleko lwalulawulwa ngurhulumente welizwe.
Loo modeli yenziwe ngokusesikweni yi UMthetho weNkampani yokuSebenza kawonke-wonke wowe-1935, Umthetho wexesha elitsha loDili othe wakhula kuphando lukarhulumente kwi-Wall Street Crash ka-1929 kunye nesiphumo sokuDakumba okukhulu, okubandakanya ukuwa kombuso wenkampani ephethe izinto ezisetyenziswa nguwonke-wonke oye watshabalalisa abaninizabelo be-600,000. I-PUHCA ixhaswe yi-US Rep. Sam Rayburn yaseTexas kunye ne-US Sen. Burton Wheeler yase-Montana, zombini i-Democrats.
EMantla eCarolina, inkqubo yolawulo lwangoku isekelwe ekudalweni kothungelwano lwendlela kaloliwe yasemva kweMfazwe yoLuntu. Ukukhula kobukhulu bomzila kaloliwe kunye negunya lokusebenzisa iinqanawa zabangela ukuba abahambi basemaphandleni bafune umgaqo ongakumbi karhulumente ukugcina amaxabiso ephantsi, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekuyilweni kowe-1891 kweKomishoni kaLoliwe yeN.C. . IKomishoni ye-N.C. Utilities ekugqibeleni yaphuma kwaye namhlanje ilawula iinkampani ezibonelela ngegesi yendalo kunye namanzi, phakathi kwezinye iinkonzo.
Kodwa ukususela ngeminyaka yee-1970s, amaxabiso aphakamileyo epetroli, inkxalabo yokusingqongileyo, kunye nokwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kwakhokelela ekubeni kuqwalaselwe ngokutsha imodeli esetyenziswa ngumntu wonke. Ukuphendula, iCongress yapasisa uthotho lwemithetho ephumeleleyo kuyo - umzekelo, ngo ukuvumela iinkampani ezingasebenzisi nkonzo ukuba zithengisele izixhobo eziluncedo ngamaxabiso emarike, nangokugunyazisa abalawuli amandla federal ukuba vumela uthutho lwamandla omntu wesithathu ngaphezulu kweentambo zoncedo.
Iinzame zohlenga-hlengiso zibe nokusilela emva koku Ingxaki yombane waseCalifornia of 2000-2001, apho iinkampani amandla - ekhokelwa Houston-based Enron, leyo kamva waya bankrupt - wadala ukunqongophala unikezelo eyenziweyo ukuqhuba up amaxabiso kwimarike kukhuphiswano karhulumente, okukhokelela ukucima nokuthandabuza malunga free-market amandla. Kodwa ngo-2005, ukulungiswa kwakhona kwaphinda kwabekwa etafileni njengeCongress wawisa umthetho ukuba, phakathi kwezinye izinto, utshitshise umthetho we-1935 wokudala usetyenziso lwemonopoly model.
Namhlanje, amazwe athe ahlengahlengisa iimarike zawo zombane ukuze avumele ukhuphiswano phakathi kwababoneleli bamandla agxininiswe kuMntla-mpuma naseNew England, njengoko kubonisiwe kwimephu ehamba Ingxelo yeYunivesithi yaseTexas eAustin Energy Institute. Kodwa uMzantsi uhlala ulawulwa ziimonopolies.
Ngelixa iArkansas kunye neVirginia zaqala umsebenzi wokulungisa iimarike zombane, ezo nzame zimisiwe ngoku. I-Arkansas okwangoku ayinikezeli ukhetho lokukhuphisana, ngokwe-American Coalition of Competitive Energy Suppliers, ngelixa iVirginia inikezela ukhetho kuphela kubathengi abangahlaliyo kwiindawo zenkonzo ye-Appalachian Power kunye neDominion, kunye nabathengi beendawo zokuhlala abafuna i-100 yepesenti yamandla avuselelekayo kunye nezixhobo zabo aziboneleli. I-Georgia ivumela ukhetho lombane kuphela kubathengi abakhulu bezorhwebo kunye namashishini.
Ngapha koko, ekuphela kwelizwe laseMazantsi elinokhetho lokwenyani lombane yiTexas, apho abathengi abahlala kwiindawo ezininzi banokukhetha phakathi kwababoneleli.
Abavoti baseFlorida balinganisa
Kodwa ukuthobela amazwe asemazantsi kwimodeli eluncedo ijongene nemiceli mngeni - hayi kuMantla eCarolina kuphela. Kukwakho umzamo oqhubekayo wokuhlengahlengisa imakethi yombane eFlorida, apho iDuke Energy ingumdlali ophambili, osebenzela indawo ezisemantla nezimbindi karhulumente njengoyedwa wengingqi.
Ikomiti yezopolitiko yase-Alachua, eFlorida ebizwa ngokuba yi-Citizens for Energy Choices ngoku izama ukubeka isilungiso somgaqo-siseko kwi-2020 yokuvota ukuvula imarike yombane karhulumente ukukhuphisana. Eli qela lalifuna ukuqokelela abantu abasayiniweyo abangama-76,632 ukuze bafaneleke isindululo sabo sokuphononongwa kweNkundla ePhakamileyo; yona kungeniswe imisayino esebenzayo engama-79,132 ngoJanuwari. Esi sindululo sifuna ukuba zombini iintengiso zombane othengisiweyo kunye nowokuthengisa umbane kurhulumente "ukuba zikhuphisane ngokupheleleyo." Inyathelo le abaxhasi abadwelisiweyo ikakhulu ngamashishini amancinci.
Ukuba inkundla iyawavuma amagama, aBemi boKhetho lwaMandla kuya kufuneka bangenise ubuncinane abangama-766,200 abasayiniweyo ngoFebruwari 1, 2020, ukuze bafumane isindululo ngoNovemba ka-2020. Ukuphumelela, umlinganiselo uya kufuna imvume yeepesenti ezingama-60 zabavoti, kwaye kuya kufuna ukuba indlu yowiso-mthetho iphumeze imithetho yokuphumeza uhlengahlengiso.
Abemi bokuKhetha amandla ibhaliswe kurhulumente Septemba ophelileyo kwaye wachitha phezu $ 1.1 yezigidi nge-Jan. 31. Iqela lifumana inkxaso-mali yayo kwi-Coalition for Energy Choice, i nonprofit abanikeli abangowabo abaxhomekeke kubhengezo olusisinyanzelo. Ukuchasa umlinganiselo wokuvota liqela elibizwa ngokuba yiFloridians ye-Affordable Reliable Energy, kabani ibhodi ibandakanya ilungu lebhodi yesigqeba karhulumente AFL-CIO, owayesakuba ngumlawuli olawulayo karhulumente Democratic Party, kunye nomongameli Hillsborough County Democratic Black Caucus. Abanye abachasi babandakanya iFlorida Chamber of Commerce kunye ne-Associated Industries yaseFlorida.
Abagxeki beFlorida balinganisa inkxalabo malunga nokufikeleleka. Nangona kunjalo, uphando luvelise iziphumo eziphikisanayo malunga nendlela uhlengahlengiso oluchaphazela ngayo amaxabiso okuhlala. A Ingxelo ye2015 kwimakethi yaseTexas ekhuphisanayo yafumanisa ukuba abanye abathengi bahlawula kancinci ngelixa abanye behlawula amawaka eedola ngaphezu kwabathengi abasebenzisa umbane kuphela. Kodwa i-American Public Power Association's uhlalutyo lwakutshanje yedatha federal ukusuka 1997 ukuya 2017 wafumana umahluko omncinane kwintengiso izinga lombane ukunyuka kwimonopoly vs. amazwe akhuphisanayo; ngokwenene, i i-avareji yeendleko zokuthengisa zombane kubathengi bendawo yokuhlala yi-11.25 cents nge-kilowatt-yure kwi-Texas ekhuphisanayo kunye ne-11.29 yeesenti eFlorida elawulwayo. Ngeli xesha, ukhetho lombane abameli khomba kwidatha ebonisa amaxabiso ombane awela kumazwe ngokhuphiswano - kwaye akhuphuka kakhulu kwi-monopoly system yaseFlorida.
Into ecacileyo kukuba, ubuncinci eNorth Carolina, abantu kulo lonke ilizwe lezopolitiko bangathanda ukufikelela ngakumbi kumandla acocekileyo. A poll ekhutshwe kwi-2017 yi-Conservatives for Clean Energy yafumanisa ukuba i-63.9 ipesenti ye-North Carolina Democrats, i-53.9 ipesenti yabavoti abangabandakanywanga, kunye neepesenti ze-25.7 zamaRiphabhlikhi bathi ukuxhaswa kwamandla amatsha acocekileyo kubalulekile kubo. Amacandelo amancinci kakhulu ala maqela athi ukhuphiswano olwandisiweyo phakathi kwababoneleli yinto ephambili - kodwa ngaphezulu kunokuba bekutshiwo ukuba baxhasa ukuphononongwa kwe-oyile kunye negesi engaselunxwemeni, ethe yafumana impembelelo yezopolitiko kurhulumente kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ngelixa kungekho maqela alondolozayo ajoyine i-Energy Justice NC ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iJohn Locke Foundation, iqela eliphambili lomgaqo-nkqubo wolondolozo, Ilizwi lenkxaso ukuphelisa ukuba yedwa kukaDuke kulandela ukuchitheka kothuthu lwamalahle lwenkampani ngo-2014 kuMlambo iDan.
"Sifanelwe ilungelo lokuzikhethela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwamandla kwaye yeyiphi inkampani yamandla esilungele thina," utshilo uAmy Adams weAppalachian Voices.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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