Kwi ingxoxo ngo-2020 kunye noNjingalwazi wasePrinceton Emeritus, uRichard Falk, wandixelela ukuba ngokwembali, amazwe awayengamathanga aphumelele imfazwe esemthethweni ahlala eyizuza inkululeko yawo.
Akunakwenzeka ukuba iPalestine ibe njalo. Imfazwe yaseGaza, nangona kunjalo, ijongene nehlabathi ngomngeni ongazange ubonwe ngaphambili, ngokukodwa kubudlelwane boorhulumente kunye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, izibophelelo zabo kumaziko ezizwe ngezizwe, afana neZizwe eziManyeneyo, iNkundla yoBulungisa yaMazwe ngaMazwe, iNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nezinye.
Isithandi sobulumko esiliNgesi uJohn Locke: โUrhulumente akakho semthethweni ngaphandle kokuba uqhutywa ngemvume yabalawuli. wathi ngenkulungwane ye-17. Le asiyongcamango nje, kwaye iya kuhlala isebenza.
Imvume, nangona kunjalo, ayisoloko izibonakalisa ngohlobo lonyulo oluselubala nolwedemokhrasi. Ukuba semthethweni nokunyaniseka koorhulumente kunokubonakaliswa nangezinye iindlela. Abo bangawuhloneliyo lo mgaqo banokuzibhaqa ngokulula bebandakanyeke kwiziphithiphithi zezobupolitika nakwimvukelo enogonyamelo ebangelwa yiyantlukwano edumileyo.
Ukugcina umlinganiselo wemvumelwano yamazwe ngamazwe, iZizwe eziManyeneyo zazenza isiseko ngowe-1945. Kwakucacile, kwasekuqaleni, ukuba iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo azizange zibonakalise ngokwenene iminqweno yendalo iphela yabo bonke abantu. Ngokuchasene noko, yakhiwe ngokusekelwe kwi-paradigm yamandla e-hierarchical, apho abaphumeleleyo beMfazwe Yehlabathi II bavela njengeenkosi, bezabela amalungelo e-veto kunye nobulungu obusisigxina kwi-UN Security Council. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-serfs, babelwa nezihlalo ezingaphantsi kakhulu kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo.
IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zabonelela ngowona mgangatho uphantsi wokuba semthethweni kwezizwe ngezizwe, kodwa ukungalingani kwawo kwavuselela olunye ungquzulwano, oluchazwe ngamazwi omphengululi waseBritani uAdam Groves, owathi. ichazwe "isikhundla esinelungelo labahlanu abasisigxina" kwi-UNSC kungekhona nje "njenge-relic ye-Western-centric yexesha elidlulileyo, kodwa okubi nakakhulu, indlela yamagunya e-status-quo ukunciphisa impembelelo kunye nophuhliso lwamanye amazwe".
Ukusinda kukungalingani kwenkqubo entsha yezizwe ngezizwe, amazwe amancinane asebenze kunye ukudala enye, nangona incinci, imibutho yezopolitiko kumaziko amakhulu. Basebenzisa amanani abo amakhulu ukoyisa amandla agxininisiweyo ezandleni zabambalwa. Basebenzisa yonke imida ukuze bamele amalungelo ezona zizwe zihlwempuzekileyo nezicinezelekileyo ehlabathini.
Intshukumo engahambelaniyo (NAM), isiseko ngowe-1961, yaba ngomnye wemizekelo eliqela eyayisebenza njengebali lempumelelo, nangona ngokwemilinganiselo elinganiselweyo.
Ukutyhubela iminyaka, i-US kunye namahlakani ayo aseNtshona baye babumba eyabo inguqulelo 'yokuba semthethweni' ngendlela ababetolika ngayo umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, ngendlela ababeziphikisa ngayo izigqibo ze-UN nanini na xa zingayifezi imidla yabo nangendlela ababewahlula ngayo amalungu avukelayo.
Ngexesha lamaSoviet, i-UN kunye namaziko ayo afanelekileyo abonakala elungelelene ngegama, njengoko ilizwe, ngokwenene, lahlulelene phakathi kwempuma nentshona, nto leyo yanika i-NAM kunye neminye imibutho esekwe kwiGlobal South-based kunye nomanyano olukhulu kwezopolitiko.
Emva phayaa, amagunya ezoqoqosho eTshayina ayengayivumeli ukuba inyanzelise inguqulelo yayo yokuba semthethweni kwihlabathi liphela.
Izinto zitshintshile. Umda weSoviet kuphazamiseka ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1990, ukudiliza i-paradigm yamandla eyavumela iMoscow ukuba igcine isenzo sokulinganisa. Kwelinye icala, i-China yaphakama ngamandla, ngokuthe ngcembe ifumana impembelelo enkulu, ngaloo ndlela isemthethweni kumazwe akhule exhomekeke kwinjini yezoqoqosho yaseTshayina.
Olunye utshintsho luyaqhubeka. Xa umntu emamele iintetho ezinomdla zabameli baseRashiya, baseTshayina, eBrazil, eMzantsi Afrika, eIreland, eJiphutha, eSaudi kunye nabameli be-UAE, unokubona ukuba ukuvumelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kuhlanganisana ngamandla malunga nokuba semthethweni kwemithetho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye noluntu, kungekhona kuphela malunga nemfazwe eqhubekayo. eGaza, kodwa kweminye imiba yoxolo nobulungisa bamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukanti, xa unozakuzaku waseMelika, uLinda Thomas-Greenfield, ephakamise isandla okwesine, nge-20 kaFebruwari, eyahlulayo kodwa enye i-veto, ngoko ke yakhaba ikhwelo lase-Algeria lokupheliswa koluntu ngokukhawuleza kwi-Gaza Strip, enye intsika yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe yaphuka.
Kwakwi-ICJ, xa ihlabathi lonke lenza ityala lenkululeko yasePalestina, i-US yayichasa. "Inkundla akufuneki ifumanise ukuba i-Israel ibophelelekile ngokusemthethweni ukuba irhoxe ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngaphandle kwemiqathango kumhlaba othinjiweyo," umcebisi wezomthetho obambeleyo kwiSebe leSizwe laseMelika, uRichard Visek, wathi ngoFebruwari 21.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, i-US iye yabhenela kula maziko ahlukeneyo, kuquka i-ICC, apho i-US ingekho nelungu, ukulungelelanisa izenzo zayo e-Iraq, eSerbia, eLibya, eUkraine nakwezinye iindawo ezininzi zongquzulwano.
Kuya kubakho iziphumo kuyo yonke le nto, kwaye iminyaka ezayo iya kungqina ukuba intlekele yokuba semthethweni kwamazwe ngamazwe, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi kwamagunya, akunakufane ilungiswe ngotshintsho olungephi kunye nohlaziyo. Ingxaki ngoku inzulu kakhulu kwaye iyonakalisa, kwaye ixabiso liphezulu kakhulu ukuba lingathwala.
Umkhosi womkhosi uwodwa akonelanga ukuba naliphi na ilizwe lifumane kwaye ligcine ukuba semthethweni kwalo. Kananjalo akukho mpembelelo yezoqoqosho okanye idiplomacy ekrelekrele. Ukuze kugcinwe okusemthethweni, kufuna okungaphezulu kunoko, kuqalwa ngesiseko esisisiseko sokuba umoya womthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wawungeyonjongo yokwandisa imfazwe, kodwa ukuyiphelisa.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela