Испричаћу мало историје.
When the Spanish “discovered” us five hundred years ago, the estimated population on the Island was no more than 200,000 inhabitants who were living in harmony with nature. Their main sources of food came from the rivers, lakes and seas rich in protein; they were also carrying out a rudimentary form of agriculture that supplied them with calories, vitamins, mineral salts and fibre.
In some regions of Cuba they still have the custom of making “casabe”, a kind of bread made from casaba. Certain fruits and small wild animals rounded off their diets. They used to concoct a beverage with fermented products and they brought to world culture the rather unhealthy habit of smoking.
The current population of Cuba is possibly 60 times greater than the one existing then. Although the Spanish mixed with the native population, they practically exterminated them by making them work in the fields as semi-slaves and by the search for gold in the river sands.
The native population was replaced by the importing of Africans captured by force and enslaved, a cruel practice that was applied during centuries.
Of great importance for our existence were the eating habits that were created. We were turned into consumers of pork, beef, lamb, milk, cheese and other by-products; wheat, oats, barley, chickpeas, kidney beans, peas and other legumes coming from different climates.
Originally we had corn and sugar cane was introduced among the calorie-rich plants.
Coffee was brought in by the conquistadors from Africa; cacao was possibly brought from Mexico. Both of these, along with sugar, tobacco and other tropical products became enormous sources of resources for the metropolis after the slave rebellion in Haiti that occurred at the beginning of the nineteenth century.
Систем производње заснован на робовима трајао је у ствари све до преноса кубанског суверенитета од стране шпанског колонијализма на Сједињене Државе, у крвавом и ванредном рату у којем је Шпанија поражена од Кубанаца.
When the Revolution triumphed in 1959, our island was a true Yankee colony. The United States had duped and disarmed our Liberation Army. One couldn’t speak of developed agriculture, but of immense plantations exploited on the base of manual and animal labour that in general used neither fertilizers nor machinery. Велике шећеране припадале су Американцима. Several of them had more than one hundred thousand hectares; others were tens of thousands of hectares in size. All together there were more than 150 sugar mills, including those belonging to Cubans; they were working less than four months a year.
САД су добиле кубански шећер током два велика светска рата и уступиле су нашој земљи квоту за продају на својим тржиштима, у вези са комерцијалним обавезама и ограничењима наше пољопривредне производње, упркос чињеници да су шећер делом производили они. Other decisive branches of the economy such as the ports and the oil refineries were American property. Their companies possessed huge ships, industrial centres, mines, docks, maritime and rail lines along with public services as vital as the electric and telephone systems.
For those who want to understand, that’s all you need.
Упркос чињеници да су биле важне потребе за производњом пиринча, кукуруза, масти, житарица и друге хране, Сједињене Државе су постављале одређена ограничења на све што је било у конкуренцији са сопственом домаћом производњом, укључујући и субвенционисану шећерну репу.
Наравно, када је у питању производња хране, реална је чињеница да у географским границама мале тропске земље која је оптерећена кишом и ураганима, без машина, брана, система за наводњавање и адекватне опреме, Куба није могла имати ресурсе, нити је има услове да конкурише америчким механизованим производњама соје, сунцокрета, кукуруза, махунарки и пиринча. Some of these, such as wheat and barley could not be grown in our country.
It is a fact that the Cuban Revolution has not enjoyed a moment of peace. The Agrarian Reform had barely been passed, before the five-month mark of the revolutionary triumph had been reached and the programs of sabotage, fires, obstruction and the use of harmful chemical measures were begun against our country. These even came to include pests to attack vital productions and even human health.
By underestimating our people and their decision to fight for their rights and their independence, they committed an error.
Of course, none of us at that time possessed the experience collected during many years; we were taking off from fair ideas and a revolutionary conception. Perhaps the main error of idealism that was committed, was to think that in the world there was a determinate amount of justice and respect for the rights of peoples when, certainly, it didn’t exist at all. Nevertheless, the decision to fight wouldn’t depend on this.
The first task taking up our efforts was to prepare for the struggle that was coming up.
Experience acquired in the heroic battle against Batista’s tyranny showed that the enemy, no matter what his strength, could not defeat the Cuban people.
Припрема земље за борбу претворила се у главни напор народа и одвела нас је до епизода које су биле једнако одлучујуће као битка против инвазије плаћеника коју су промовисале Сједињене Државе у априлу 1961, искрцавање у Заливу свиња у пратњи Амерички маринци и Јенки авиони.
Unable to resign themselves to the independence and exercise of the sovereign rights of Cuba, the government of that country adopted the decision to invade our territory. The USSR had absolutely nothing to do with the triumph of the Cuban Revolution. The Revolution did not assume a socialist nature because of support from the USSR; it was the other way around: support from the USSR was produced by the socialist nature of the Cuban Revolution. To such a degree, that when the USSR disappears, Cuba keeps on being socialist.
By some means, the USSR learned that Kennedy would try to use Cuba with the same method that they had applied in Hungary. That led to the errors committed by Khrushchev in regards to the October Crisis that I saw the need to criticize. But it was not only Khrushchev who made a mistake, so did Kennedy. Cuba had nothing to do with the history of Hungary, and the USSR had nothing to do with the Revolution in Cuba. This was the sole and exclusive fruit of the struggle of our people. Khrushchev merely made the brotherly gesture of sending weapons to Cuba when it was being threatened by the invasion that was organized, trained, armed and transported by the United States. Without the weapons sent to Cuba, our people would have defeated the mercenary forces as it had defeated Batista’s army and occupied all the military equipment it possessed: 100,000 weapons. If the direct invasion of the United States against Cuba had occurred, our people would have been fighting right up to the present time against its soldiers, who would surely have had to fight against millions of Latin Americans. The US had committed the greatest mistake in all its history and perhaps the USSR would still be in existence today.
Hours prior to the invasion, after the cunning attack on our air force bases by US planes painted with Cuban insignia, the socialist nature of our Revolution was declared. The Cuban people fought for socialism in that battle that passed into history as the first victory against imperialism in the Americas.
Ten US presidents have come and gone, the eleventh is now passing through and the Socialist Revolution is standing firm. Also coming and going were all the governments that were accomplices to the crimes of the United States against Cuba, and our Revolution is standing firm. The USSR has disappeared and the Revolution moved forward. То се није догодило уз дозволу Сједињених Држава; уместо тога бива подвргнута окрутној и немилосрдној блокади; са терористичким актима који су однели животе или ранили хиљаде људи, чији аутори данас уживају потпуно некажњено; кубански антитерористички борци осуђени су на доживотне казне; такозвани Кубански закон о прилагођавању дозвољава улазак, боравак и запослење у Сједињеним Државама. Куба је једина земља на свету чији грађани имају ту привилегију, ону која је ускраћена Хаићанима након земљотреса у којем је погинуло више од 300,000 људи и остатка грађана на хемисфери, оних које империја прогања и протерује. Ипак, Кубанска револуција стоји чврсто.
Cuba is the only country on the planet that cannot be visited by US citizens; but Cuba exists and stands firm, only
We, the Cuban revolutionaries, have committed errors, and we shall go on making mistakes, but never shall we make the mistake of being traitors.
Никада нисмо бирали незаконитост, лаж, демагогију, заваравање народа, претварање, лицемерје, опортунизам, мито, потпуни недостатак етике, злоупотребе моћи, укључујући злочине и одвратне тортуре које су, уз очигледне иако несумњиво вредне изузетке, карактерисале понашање председника Сједињених Држава.
У овом тренутку, човечанство се суочава са озбиљним проблемима без преседана. Најгоре је то што ће решења у великој мери зависити од најбогатијих и најразвијенијих земаља, земаља које ће доћи у ситуацију у којој заиста нису у стању да се суоче осим ако се свет који су покушавали да обликују за своје егоистичне интересе не сруши. око њих и што неминовно води у катастрофу.
I am not speaking about wars, whose risks and consequences have been transmitted by wise and brilliant people, including many Americans.
I am referring to the food crisis originating in the economic facts and the climatic changes that are apparently now irreversible as a consequence of the actions of man, but which, at any rate, human minds are under the obligation to face in a hurry. For years, which was really time lost, the matter was being talked about. But the country which emits the greatest amount of polluting gases in the world, the United States, was regularly ignoring world opinion. Остављајући на страну протоколарне и друге уобичајене глупости државних људи у потрошачким друштвима, ствари које су их обично збуњивале због утицаја медија када су дошли на власт, реалност је да на то нису обраћали пажњу . An alcoholic, whose problems were widely known, and I don’t need to name him, imposed his line of thinking upon the international community.
Проблеми су сада одједном добили облик, кроз појаве које се понављају на свим континентима: топлотни таласи, шумски пожари, губици жетве у Русији, са много жртава; климатске промене у Кини, прекомерне падавине или суше, прогресивни губици водених резерви на Хималајима који прете Индији, Кини, Пакистану и другим земљама; прекомерне падавине у Аустралији које су поплавиле скоро милион квадратних километара; неуобичајено оштри и непримерени хладни таласи у Европи који имају значајан утицај на пољопривреду; суше у Канади; необични хладни таласи тамо и у САД; киша без преседана у Колумбији која погађа милионе пољопривредног земљишта; никад раније виђене падавине у Венецуели; катастрофе изазване прекомерном кишом у великим градовима Бразила и сушама на југу. There is practically no region in the world where such events have not taken place.
Производња пшенице, соје, кукуруза, пиринча и других бројних житарица и махунарки које чине прехрамбену базу света – чија популација данас према прорачунима броји скоро 6.9 милијарди становника, сада се приближава новој цифри од 7 милијарди, а где више више од милијарду људи пати од глади и неухрањености – озбиљно су погођени климатским променама, стварајући веома озбиљан проблем у свету. When reserves have not been totally recovered or just partially in some items, a serious threat is now creating problems and destabilization in many States.
More than 80 countries, all of them in the Third World, already having difficult problems of their own, are being threatened with real famines.
I shall limit myself to quote these statements and reports, in a summary fashion, which have been published in the last few days:
“The UN is warning about the risk of a new food crisis.
„Јануар КСНУМКС, КСНУМКС (АФП)”
“‘We are facing a very tense situation’…” ФАО потврђује.
“Some 80 countries are facing a shortage of food…”
“The global rate of prices for basic agricultural products (grains, meat, sugar, oleaginous and dairy products) is currently at its highest level since FAO began to use that index rate 20 years ago.”
"УЈЕДИЊЕНЕ НАЦИЈЕ, јануар (ИПС)”
“The UN Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), with headquarters in Rome, last week alerted that world prices for rice, wheat, sugar, barley and meat […] would undergo significant increases in 2011…”
“PARIS, January 10 (Reuters) – President Nicolas Sarkozy of France shall be taking his campaign to confront the high global food prices to Washington this week …”
„Базел (Швајцарска), 10. јануар (ЕФЕ).- Председник Централне европске банке (БЦЕ) Жан Клод Трише, портпарол гувернера централних банака Групе 10 (Г-10), упозорио је данас на снажан раст цена хране и инфлаторна претња у економијама у развоју.”
“The World Bank fears a crisis in the price of foods, January 15 (BBC)
“The president of the World Bank, Robert Zoellick, told the BBC that the crisis would be deeper than that of 2008.”
„МЕКСИКО ДФ, 7. јануар (Ројтерс)“
“The annual rhythm of inflation for foods has increased threefold in Mexico in November as compared to two months ago…”
„Вашингтон, 18. јануар (ЕФЕ)
“The climate change will aggravate the lack of foods, according to a study.”
„Од пре више од 20 година, научници упозоравају на утицај климатских промена, али ништа се не мења осим повећања емисија које изазивају глобално упозорење“, рекла је за ЕФЕ Лилијана Хисас, извршна директорка америчке подружнице ове организације. .
„Освалдо Цанзиани, добитник Нобелове награде за мир 2007. године и научни саветник за извештај, указао је да се „у целом свету бележе метеоролошке епизоде и екстремни климатски услови, а повећање просечних површинских температура погоршава интензитет ових епизода“ .”
"(Reuters) January 18, Algeria is buying wheat to avoid shortages and unrest.
“The State grain agency of Algeria has bought around 1 million tons of wheat in the last two weeks to avoid shortages in the case of unrest, a Ministry of Agriculture source informed Reuters.
“(Reuters) January 18, Wheat shows a strong gain in Chicago after Algerian purchases.”
„Економист, јануар КСНУМКС, КСНУМКС
“Светско упозорење због цена хране”
“Among the main causes are the floods and droughts caused by climatic changes, the use of foods to manufacture bio-fuels and speculation in commodities prices.”
Проблеми су драматично озбиљни. Међутим, све није изгубљено.
Current calculated wheat production reached almost 650 million tons.
That of corn surpasses that amount and nears 770 million tons.
Soy could come close to 260 million tons; of this the US calculates 92 million and Brazil 77 million. Они су два највећа произвођача.
The general data on grains and legumes available in 2011 are well-known.
The first matter to be resolved by the world community would be to choose between foods and bio-fuels. Brazil, a developing country, shall of course have to be compensated.
Ако се милиони тона соје и кукуруза који се улажу у био-горива усмере ка производњи хране, необичан раст цена би престао и светски научници би могли да предложе формуле које би на овај или онај начин могле да зауставе па чак и преокренути ситуацију.
Изгубили смо превише времена. Дошло је време да се сада нешто уради.
Фидел Кастро Руз
Januar 19, 2011
9 и 55 пм
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