Shirkadaha waaweyn ee dawooyinka ee dalka Maraykanka ayaa senetarka Vermont Bernie Sanders kula dagaallamaya arrin udub dhexaad u ah bal in aynu wanaagga bini'aadamka ku qiimayno faa'iidada shirkadda. Isagoo ah guddoomiyaha guddiga Senate-ka ee caafimaadka, waxbarashada, shaqada, iyo hawlgabka (HELP), Sanders wuxuu wacad ku maray inuu ku qasbi doono maamulayaasha shirkadaha dawooyinka inay si cad uga jawaabaan sababta qiimaha dawooyinkoodu aad uga sarreeyo waddamada kale. Waxa uu qorshaynayaa in uu guddi u codeeyo u yeedho iyaga. Maxkamad-sheegiddu waa lama huraan sababta oo ah-si badheedh ah-Maamulaha guud ee Johnson & Johnson iyo Merck ayaa si fudud u diiday inay u marag furaan guddiga CAAWINTA. Maxay ka baqayaan?
Dhawaaq difaac warqad Sanders, qareenka Johnson & Johnson ayaa ku eedeeyay Senator-ka inuu adeegsaday dhageysiga guddiga si uu u ciqaabo shirkadaha doortay inay galaan dacwad dastuuri ah oo la ilaaliyo. Warqaddu ma caddaynayso dacwadda su'aasha ah - laga yaabee sababtoo ah waxay u muuqan doontaa wax lagu qoslo oo waxay muujin doontaa ajandaha dhabta ah ee shirkadda. Bishii Luulyo ee la soo dhaafay, shirkadda, oo ay weheliso Merck iyo Bristol Myers Squibb dacweeyay maamulka Biden si loogu ogolaado barnaamijka Medicare inuu nidaamiyo qiimaha daawada laguu qoray.
Waxay u muuqataa in Johnson & Johnson iyo Merck ay runtii ka baqayaan in sharci-dejiyayaashu ay su'aalo ka weydiiyaan faa'iidada daroogada ee Maraykanka
Mid ka mid ah khabiirada dawooyinka, Ameet Sarpatwari oo ka tirsan Dugsiga Caafimaadka Harvard ayaa u sharaxay New York Times in, "Suuqa Maraykanku waa bangiga shirkadaha dawooyinka... Waxaa jira dareen qoto dheer oo ah in meesha ugu fiican ee la isku dayo in laga soo saaro faa'iidada ay tahay Maraykanka sababtoo ah nidaamka jira iyo hawlihiisa." Khabiir kale, Michelle Mello, oo ah borofisar ku takhasusay sharciga iyo siyaasadda caafimaadka ee jaamacadda Stanford, ayaa u sheegtay Times, "Daawadu aad bay qaali ugu tahay Mareykanka sababtoo ah waan u ogolaanay inay noqdaan."
Si kale haddii loo dhigo, waxay u ahayd lacag-la'aan dhammaan shirkadaha dawooyinka ee Maraykanka Sannadkii 2003-dii, madaxweynihii xilligaasi George W. Bush saxiixay sharciga dib u habaynta Medicare, caawinaad u ballan qaaday waayeelka ku dhibtoonaya bixinta daawooyinka, laakiin sharcigaas dharbaaxay dawlada dhexe ee awoodeeda ah inay kala xaajooto qiimaha daawada ka qaybgalayaasha Medicare. Waxay ahayd dhaqdhaqaaq caadi ah oo Jamhuuri ah, Orwellian: u ballan qaad caawinta dadka caadiga ah iyo bixinta lidka saxda ah.
Ku dhawaad labaatan sano ka dib, the Xeerka dhimista Sicir-bararka (IRA), kaas oo Biden uu saxiixay sharciga 2022, wuxuu ku xiray qiimaha daawada Medicare sicir bararka wuxuuna u baahan yahay shirkadaha inay bixiyaan lacag celin haddii qiimuhu si degdeg ah u kacay. Waxay ahayd markii ugu horeysay tan iyo sharcigii Bush 2003 in soosaarayaasha daroogada ay hoos yimaadaan shuruucda qiimaha Mareykanka. Shirkadaha dawooyinka ma haystaan, oo kaliya maaha inay ku dacweeyeen Biden IRA, uma muuqdaan inay rabaan inay si cad uga jawaabaan falalkooda.
Kuma filna Medicare inuu awoodo inuu dhimo qiimaha daroogada. Waxaa loo baahan yahay in dalka oo dhan lagu xukumo dhammaan qiimaha daroogada ee dhammaan dadka Mareykanka ah. Ka dib oo dhan, canshuur bixiyeyaasha Mareykanka waxay si deeqsinimo ah u kabaan cilmi baarista iyo horumarinta daawooyinka badankood. A Warbixin Shaqaalaha Sanders ayaa sharxay "marka laga reebo, shirkadaha gaarka loo leeyahay waxay leeyihiin awood hal dhinac ah si ay u dejiyaan qiimaha dawooyinka si guud loo maalgeliyo." Qorayaasha warbixinta ayaa ku dhaleeceeyay in "dowladu aysan waxba ku weydiinin maal-gelinteeda."
Waxaa intaa dheer, warbixintu waxay si sax ah u tilmaantay in dadka ku nool wadamada kale ay ka faa'iidaystaan helitaanka dawooyin jaban oo dadka Maraykanku ay siiyeen shirkadaha dawooyinka ee caalamiga ah si ay u horumariyaan. Tusaale ahaan, SYMTUZA, dawo HIV ah oo saynisyahano ka tirsan machadyada caafimaadka ee Maraykanka ay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta, ayaa bukaannada Maraykanku u heli karaan lacag dhan $56,000 sannadkii, halka bukaannada UK ay bixiyaan $ 10,000 oo keliya sannadkii isla daawada ay ka soo iibsadaan shirkad isku mid ah.
Ma aha sida haddii shirkadaha sida Johnson & Johnson ay leeyihiin door qalloocan bukaannada Yurub marka loo eego kuwa Mareykanka. Kaliya waa in qiimahooda ay maamulaan inta badan wadamada kale ee warshadaha. Maraykanku "waxa uu noqonayaa dalka keliya ee warshadaha ku horumaray ee aan gorgortan ka gelin" qiimaha daroogada, ayuu yiri Merith Basey, Agaasimaha Fulinta Bukaanada loogu talagalay Dawooyinka La awoodi karo hadda, gudaha wareysi on Rising Up With Sonali dayrtii hore.
Runtii, wadamada sida UK, France, iyo Germany, waxay Maraykanka u soo bandhigaan moodooyin lagu kontaroolo qiimaha daroogada oo wax badan ayaa laga qoray waxa ugu fiican. Dheeraad ah, waxaa jira - si aan la yaab lahayn - rabitaan dadweyne oo xooggan oo loogu talagalay xakamaynta qiimaha. Sida laga soo xigtay a Doorashada Mu'asasada Qoyska ee Kaiser Bishii Agoosto 2023, "[m] qaybaha qaybaha qaybaha ayaa sheegaya in aanu jirin sharci ku filan oo ku saabsan qiimaha daroogada." Intaa waxaa dheer, boqolkiiba 83 ka mid ah kuwa ra'yiururinta la sameeyay "waxay u arkaan faa'iidada dawooyinka inay tahay arrin weyn oo gacan ka geysaneysa kharashka dawooyinka la qoro."
Ma jirto wax fikrado ah oo ku saabsan xeerarka xakamaynta qiimaha gaarka ah ee ka shaqayn kara Maraykanka Tusaale ahaan, Warbixinta Xarunta Horumarka Maraykanka ee Oktoobar 2023, "Lacagta la socota: Maalgelinta Dawooyinka ee Maraykanka oo aan la xidhin,” waxa uu si qoto dheer u baadhayaa sida loo go'aamiyo qiimaha suuqa ee dawooyinka waxaanu soo jeedinayaa waxqabadyada marxalad kasta oo ah dejinta qiimaha daroogada.
Run ahaantii, xalalka qalafsan ee noocan oo kale ah run ahaantii lagama maarmaan ma aha haddii Dhammaan dadka Mareykanka ah waxay si fudud ugu biiri karaan Medicare caymiska caafimaadka iyo haddii awoodda gorgortanka ee Medicare ee lagu gorgortamayo qiimaha daawada waxaa lagu dabaqi karaa dhammaan daawooyinka. Laakiin, maqnaanshaha habkan guud ee caqligalka ah ee daryeelka caafimaadka, xitaa kontaroolada qiimaha adag ayaa ka fiicnaan lahaa la'aanta kontaroolada qiimaha.
Sida la saadaaliyay, dhaleecaynta hanti-wadaaga muxaafidka ahi waxay soo saareen isla doodo daalan oo ka dhan ah xeerarka qiimaha dawooyinka ee dawladda. "Xakamaynta Qiimaha Daawadu waxay ka dhigan tahay daawaynta tartiib tartiib ah,” ayaa lagu yiri ciwaanka tifaftirka ee Wall Street Journal. Guddiga tifaftirka ee wargeysku wuxuu ugu yeeray IRA, "sharcigii ugu xumaa ee Congress-ka laga soo saaro sannado badan," waxayna ku eedeysay maamulka Biden "Baad."
Laakiin yaa ku hawlan baad? Dhaqaale-yahanno daraaseynaya warshadaha dawooyinka ayaa ogaaday in muddo sanado ah shirkaduhu ay si xad dhaaf ah u isticmaalayaan lacag caddaan ah oo ay haystaan waxay ku bixisay boqolaal bilyan oo doolar dib u iibsiga saamiyada iyo gunnooyinka fulinta ee xad dhaafka ah iyo xirmooyinka mushaharka. "$ 747 bilyan ee ay shirkadaha dawooyinku u qaybiyeen saamilayda waxay ahayd 13 boqolkiiba in ka badan $660 bilyan oo ay shirkadahani ku kharash gareeyeen cilmi-baarista & horumarinta tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay," William Lazonick iyo Öner Tulum ayaa ku qoray warbixin ay u soo saareen Machadka Fikirka Dhaqaalaha Cusub.
Intaa waxaa dheer, wargeyska Wall Street Journal's screed wuxuu iska indhatiraa kontaroolada qiimaha ee UK, France, Germany, iyo quruumaha kale. Haddii kuwani aanay wax saamayn ah ku yeelan xawaaraha iyo tayada horumarinta daroogada, maxay tahay sababta xakamaynta qiimaha Maraykanku u yeelanayso saamayn? Oo haddii ay saameyn ku yeeshaan, markaa dadka Mareykanka ayaa si aan caddaalad ahayn looga baahan yahay inay qaadaan culeyska ay dadka adduunka oo dhan ka faa'iideysanayaan.
Guddiga tifaftirka joornaalka ayaa sameeyay hal sheegasho oo sax ah, isagoo sheegay in IRA "sidoo kale ay siin doonto shirkadaha dhiirigelinta si ay u bilaabaan daroogooyinka qiimo sare oo ay kor u qaadaan qiimaha bukaanada caymis gaar ah si ay u magdhowaan dhimista Medicare." Wargeysku wuxuu saadaashan sameeyay isagoon wax faallo ah ka bixin hunguriga shirkadeed ee aan xad lahayn. Runtii, haddii qof uu ku hawlan yahay baadda dhabta ah, waxay u muuqataa in shirkadaha dawooyinka laga yaabo inay yihiin dhinacyada dambiilayaasha ah ee ciqaabaya dadka Maraykanka ah xakamaynta qiimaha.
Shirkadaha dawooyinka ayaa bilaabay sanadka cusub iyagoo kor u qaaday qiimaha lagu dhawaaqay ugu yaraan 500 daawo-Dadaal weyn oo lagu hagayo dadweynaha. Taas bedelkeeda, IRA-da qiimaheeda ayaa koontaroolaysa dalbo 10 daawo oo keliya ilaa hadda, waxaana lagu kordhin doonaa 15 daawo sanadkiiba afarta sano ee soo socota, iyo 20 daawo sanadkii ka dib.
Halkii laga saari lahaa kontaroolada qiimaha ee tirooyinka yar yar ee daawooyinka ay IRA nidaamin karto, si fudud ayaa ah in lagu dabaqo sharciyadaas inta badan ama dhammaan daawooyinka. Waxa ugu wanagsan, si xalkan oo kale loo hirgeliyo, maamulayaasha shirkadaha dawooyinka xataa uma baahna inay isu jiidaan dhegaysiyada guddiyada si ay u sharaxaan hunguriga shirkadeed.
Maqaalkan waxaa soo saaray Dhaqaalaha Dhammaan, mashruuc Machadka Saxaafadda Madaxa Bannaan.
ZNetwork waxa lagu maalgeliyaa oo keliya deeqsinimada akhristeyaasheeda.
Nalasoo