VANHU vazhinji - kutaura nedimikira nyanduri wekuBritain ane hunyanzvi Adrian Mitchell - vanofuratira nhoroondo zhinji nekuti nhoroondo zhinji inofuratira vanhu vazhinji. Iyo inzvimbo yetsika yevanhu "vakuru": vakundi nemadzimambo, vakuru vehurumende nevakuru vemauto, vaporofita nemapiyona. Vamwe vanhu - ruzhinji rwakawandisa - havatarisike zvakanyanya. Zvakanakisa vakaita sezvekuwedzera muHollywood epic, yakadzikiswa kune imwe nzvimbo. Kana, zvakanyanya, kwechinguvana - uye zvisingazivikanwe - inofambiswa kusvika pakati pechiito mumhomho kana nzvimbo yehondo.
Pane, hongu, zvisizvo, asi zvinowanzo ganhurirwa kuchikamu chedzidzo, kazhinji zvichitora chimiro chedzidziso dzakagomara, dzisingapindiki dzakanangana nenhambo diki yenguva. Muzvinafundo Howard Zinn aive nehushingi hwekuyedza chimwe chinhu chakasiyana zvachose: muna 1980 akauya nenhoroondo yaigoneka kwazvo yematambudziko akakurumbira akarwiwa munyika yake, achibata nguva yese kubva "kuwanikwa" kwaChristopher Columbus hafu yemireniyamu yapfuura.
Iro rakanga riri basa rinodadisa zvikuru, asi zvarakanga raitwa, munyori akanga asingatarisiri kukudzwa kukuru. Yekutanga kudhinda kumhanya kwe Nhoroondo Yevanhu yeUnited States: 1492-Irizvino haana kuwedzera kupfuura 5,000 makopi. Pakanga pasina ongororo yakashata mumapepanhau makuru. Asi kunoratidzika kuti munhu upi noupi akarava bhuku racho aisagona kurega kutaura pamusoro paro. Zvaipa maonero ezvakaitika kare akanga akasiyana zvikuru nezvavakanga vadzidziswa kuchikoro. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, yakarova. Kutozosvikira makore gumi apfuura, ukoshi hwayo hwairatidzirwa kazhinji kazhinji neshoko romuromo. Iwo akasiyana editions (uye matendero) evhoriyamu anonzi ave kutengesa anoda kusvika mamiriyoni maviri emakopi.
Mukati mebhuku iri, Zinn anobvuma zvarisingakwanisi uye anoritsanangura se "nhoroondo isingaremekedze hurumende uye inoremekedza mafambiro evanhu ekupikisa". Anoenderera mberi achiti: โIzvi zvinoita kuti ive nhoroondo yakarerekera kune rimwe divi. Handinetseki nazvo, nekuti gomo remabhuku enhoroondo iro isu tese takamira pasi paro rakarerekera zvakanyanya kune rimwe diviโฆ. kuti tinoda simba rinopikisa kuti tisamanikidzwa kuzviisa pasi. "
Munyori haapi zvikonzero zvekutaura zvekare kubva pakuona kweavo vanogaro tongerwa kuti vanga vari kudivi risiri iro renhoroondo: maNative America, nhapwa dzemuAfrica (uye, zvichizodaro, vanonzi "vakasunungurwa" maAfrica-America. , uyo akatamburira kwezana ramakore kuti agamuchirwe pamutemo savagari vemo vane maruramiro akaenzana), varimi varombo, vatami veboka rokushanda (boka raibatanidza vabereki vake amene), uye vakadzi. Uye munzira haazeze kufadza vese avo mumaonero ake vanokodzera, izvo zvinosanganisira vatungamiri vazhinji.
Zinn's iconoclasm uye kufumurwa kwake kwemaitiro ese ehutongi sehurongwa hwakagadzirirwa kushandira zvido zvevadiki asi vane simba hazvina kuitirwa kuratidza kuti hapana chinhu murudzi rwavo rwakapfuura icho maAmerica aigona kudada. Asi, akajekesa zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa: hunhu uye kutamburira kwakakodzera kuremekedzwa uye rudo rwekare kupfuura hondo dzine mukurumbira uye varume vachena vanozivikanwa.
Dai A People's History yanga iri iyo chete yakaitwa naZinn, angadai achiri kuremekedzwa, asi kufa kwake mukupera kwemwedzi wapfuura aine makore makumi masere nemanomwe kungadai kusina kukonzera kufirwa kwakadzama kudaro pakati pevaAmerican vakasara. Aive nezvakawanda pachikwereti chake, zvisinei - uye kwete mamwe mabhuku, mapepa nemitambo, asi rekodhi yekuratidzira yakadzokera kumashure makore makumi matanhatu uye ikamutorera zvinzvimbo zviviri zvedzidzo.
Semutsigiri ane rudo wekodzero dzevanhu, akashanda semukuru weVadzidzi Vasina mhirizhonga Coordinating Committee, uye pakati pe-1960s akafunga nezveHondo yeVietnam. Bhuku rake ra1967 rinonzi Vietnam: The Logic of Withdrawal raive pakati pezvinyorwa zvekutanga kutsigira kuburitswa kwemauto eUS nekukasika kubva munyika yavaisambofanira kuendeswa. Daniel Ellsberg, uyo ane mukurumbira akaburitsa Pentagon Mapepa ayo akakanganisa zvakanyanya nyaya yekuenderera mberi nehondo muVietnam, anoyeuka kusangana neZinn kekutanga pamusangano muBoston muna 1971, "apo isu tese takataura tichipokana nemhosva yaEqbal Ahmed naPhil Berrigan. nekuda kwe 'kurangana kubvuta Henry Kissinger' โ. Mushure memakumi mana emakore ehushamwari, anotsanangura Zinn se "munhu akanakisa wandati ndamboziva. Muenzaniso wakanakisa weizvo munhuโฆ. vanogona kuita nehupenyu hwavo.โ
Vazhinji veavo vakava neropafadzo yekupinda makirasi aZinn vane mirangariro youshamwari yakafanana nezvake nemaitiro ake ekudzidzisa.
Kuuya kwemireniyamu itsva uye nhevedzano itsva yehondo zvakadzosa purofesa akasiya basa pakare, padivi peshamwari dzenguva refu dzakadai saNoam Chomsky, uye Zinn akambove asinganeti uye ane hunyanzvi mukujekesa zviripo nekuzviisa munhoroondo yayo. context.
Kuvepo kwakajairwa - zvakare - pamisangano yekurwisana nehondo, akatsigirawo kukwikwidza kwaBarack Obama, waakaona se "munhu anonzwisisa uye akangwara uye anofunga uye anovimbisa". Asi aikwanisa kuona kuti mutungamiri wenyika zvakare chimwe chinhu: wezvematongerwo enyika - uye nekudaro, zvakanyanya kana zvishoma netsanangudzo, kusavimbika. Zvakadaro pfungwa yake yenhoroondo yakamuudza kuti kumanikidzwa kwakakurumbira kunogona kuita mutsauko mukuru. Masvondo mashoma apfuura, vachiongorora gore rekutanga remutungamiri wenyika yeThe Nation svondo rega rega, akanyora kuti: โNdinofunga vanhu โฆ. anofanira kutanga kunzwisisa kuti Obama achave mutungamiri wepakati - zvinoreva, munguva yedu, mutungamiri ane njodzi - kunze kwekunge paine sangano renyika rinomusundidzira munzira iri nani. "
Izvo zvaisave kureva kune Tea Party, zviri pachena.
Nyika yega yega yaizoshandirwa zvakanaka nehungwaru hweveruzhinji hwekufananidza erudition, kuzvipira, njere uye njere. Vanhu vekuAmerica vanofanira kudada zvikuru naHoward Zinn. Avo vagara vachida kubata Nhoroondo Yevanhu asi asina kumbosvika pairi anofanira kuitora pasina kumwe kunonoka. Uye kwete vanhu vekuAmerica chete: chinhu chakakosha sosi kune chero munhu anoda kubata zvinopfuura kuona kwechokwadi kuseri kwemask yaSekuru Sam.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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