Kwayaka: Guardian
Bolivia yapinda munyatwa yekudzvinyirirwa kwezvematongerwo enyika uye mhirizhonga yenyika ine rusarura kubva pakapidigurwa hurumende yakasarudzwa nedemocracy yeEvo Morales nemauto musi waNovember 10. Mwedzi iwoyo wakanga uri “mwedzi wechipiri pakufa, maererano nenzufu dzevanhuwo zvavo dzakaitwa nemauto ehurumende. kubva Bolivia yakava demokrasi makore anoda kusvika 40 apfuura,” maererano ne kudzidza neHarvard Law School's (HLS) International Human Rights Clinic neUniversity Network for Human Rights (UNHR) yakaburitswa mwedzi wapfuura.
Morales aive purezidhendi wekutanga wekuBolivia, iyo ine chikamu chikuru chevagari vemunyika chero ipi zvayo muAmerica. Hurumende yake yakakwanisa Kuderedza urombo ne42 muzana uye urombo hwakanyanya ne60 muzana, izvo zvakabatsira zvisingaenzaniswi zvizvarwa zveIndigenous Bolivia. Kupandukira kwaNovember kwakatungamirirwa nevachena uye mestizo elite vane nhoroondo yerusarura, vachitsvaga kudzorera simba rehurumende kuvanhu vakanga vatonga pamberi pesarudzo yaMorales muna 2005. Rusaruraganda rwemhirizhonga yenyika inosimbiswa mumushumo weHLS/UNHR. , kusanganisira nhoroondo dzezvapupu zvakaona zvemauto ekuchengetedza anoshandisa “mutauro werusaruraganda uye unopikisana neIndigenous” sezvavairwisa varatidziri; zviri pachena zvakare kubva mukuti vese vakawirwa nemhondi mbiri huru dzakaitwa nemauto ehurumende mushure mekupidigura hurumende vaive veIndigenous.
Izvo zvakatonyanya kutariswa, asi zvakakosha zvakaenzana kuti unzwisise kuti demokrasi yeBolivia yakaparadzwa sei muna Mbudzi wapfuura, ibasa reSangano reAmerica States mumhosva inotyisa iyi.
Sezvo The New York Times pakupedzisira Zvinonzi musi waChikumi 7, ongororo yesangano "yakakanganisa" mushure mesarudzo yaGumiguru 20 "yakakurudzira zviitiko zvakachinja nhoroondo yenyika yeSouth America." Sezvakataurwa neThe Times, ongororo yeOAS "yakasimudza mibvunzo yekubira mavhoti - uye yakabatsira kumanikidza mutungamiri wenyika ...."
Zvikumbiro zveOAS zvaive zvechokwadi hwaro hwezvematongerwo enyika hwekumukira kwakatevera sarudzo yaGumiguru 20 masvondo matatu gare gare. Uye vakapfuurira kwemwedzi mizhinji zvichitevera kupidigura hurumende. MuBolivia, vakuru vesarudzo vanotaura nezvekutanga kuverengwa kwemavhoti, izvo zvisiri pamutemo uye zvisingatarise zvakabuda, uku mavhoti achiverengwa. Pakaverengwa mavhoti makumi masere nemana muzana mukutanga uku, Morales akange aine 84 muzana yemavhoti, uye aitungamira muvavhoti wechipiri ne45.7 percent. Chirevo mune izvi zvisiri pamutemo, zvisingabatanidzi tally zvakazovhiringwa kwemaawa makumi maviri nematatu, uye pazvakatanga zvakare, kutungamira kwaMorales kwakawedzera kusvika pagumi neshanu muzana. Pakupera kwekuverenga kwepamutemo, yaive 7.9 muzana. Zvinoenderana nemitemo yesarudzo dzemuBolivia, munhu anenge aine mavhoti anodarika zvikamu makumi mana kubva muzana uye ane mapoinzi gumi anokunda musarudzo dzekutanga, pasina sarudzo dzechipiri.
Vanopikisa vakati pane chitsotsi ndokupinda mumigwagwa. Sangano reOAS Electoral Observation Mission (EOM) rakaburitsa pepanhau statement zuva rakatevera sarudzo dzichiratidza "kushushikana kukuru uye kushamisika nekuchinja kukuru uye kwakaoma-kutsanangura mumaitiro ekutanga mhedzisiro mushure mekuvharwa kwesarudzo." Asi havana kupa humbowo hwekutsigira mhosva idzi ― nekuti pakanga pasina.
Izvi zvave kubvira yakasimbiswa kakawanda nemhondi yenyanzvi nhamba zvidzidzo, kusanganisira iyo yakagadzira iyo basis yechinyorwa cheNew York Times yaJune 7. Sezvinoitika pane dzimwe nguva apo nhamba dzinova musoro wegakava rezvamatongerwe enyika, zvidzidzo zvenhamba zvaidiwa zvikurusa ramba zvimwe ― muchiitiko ichi, kazhinji bogus ― ongororo yenhamba. Asi chokwadi chaive pachena uye nyore kuonakubva kune data inowanikwa pawebhu nekukurumidza zvichitevera sarudzo. Uye zvechokwadi Center for Economic and Policy Research ― kwandiri Co-Director ― yakashandisa iyo data ku. kupomera Kupomerwa kwekutanga kweOAS zuva raitevera, uye kuteverwa nenhamba dzakawanda dzekuongorora uye mapepa mumwedzi yakatevera, kusanganisira kuramba kweOAS's final audit report.
Pakanga pasina shanduko isingatsananguriki mumaitiro. Zvese zvakaitika ndezvekuti nzvimbo dzakazotaura gare gare dzaive dzakanyanya pro-Morales kupfuura idzo dzakambotaurwa, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana zvenzvimbo uye nehuwandu hwevanhu. Ndosaka kutungamira kwaMorales kwakawedzera pakapinda mavhoti gumi nenhanhatu kubva muzana, sezvazvaive zvaita kuwedzera mukutanga kuverenga. Izvi zvinowanzoitika mumasarudzo pasi rose.
Asi mushure mekutanga kuburitswa kwenhau, OAS yakaburitsa mimwe mishumo mitatu, kusanganisira yayo preliminary audit yezvakabuda musarudzo, pasina kumbofunga nezve mukana uri pachena wekuti nzvimbo dzakazotaurwa dzaive dzakasiyana mune zvematongerwo enyika nedziya dzakapinda mavhoti kare. Izvi zvoga humbowo hukuru hwekuti vakuru veOAS havana kungoita chikanganiso mukupomerwa kwavo kwehutsotsi, asi chokwadi vaiziva kuti zvavaipomerwa ndezvenhema. Zvinoshora fungidziro yekufunga kuti tsananguro iyi iri nyore sei ― chinova chinhu chekutanga chaizoitika kuvanhu vazhinji, uye zvikazoitika kuti ndezvechokwadi ― hazvingatomboitika kune nyanzvi dzesarudzo, mukati memwedzi yekuferefeta.
Musi waZvita 2, 133 vezvehupfumi nenhamba vakaburitsa a tsamba kuOAS, vachiona kuti "mugumisiro wekupedzisira wakanyatsofanotaurwa pamusoro pekutanga 84% yemavhoti akashumwa" uye achidana OAS "kudzosa zvinyorwa zvayo zvinotsausa pamusoro pesarudzo."
Nhengo ina dzedare reCongress reUS, vachitungamirwa naCongresswoman Jan Schakowsky, vakazeyawo tsamba kuOAS uchibvunza mibvunzo gumi neimwe yekutanga nezve OAS ongororo. Mumwe ainetsekana kuti vangave vakafunga nezve mukana wekuti nzvimbo dzekuzoshuma gare gare "dzakasiyana munzira dzipi dzaizoita kuti vavhotere Evo Morales, nemuganho wakafara, kupfuura vavhoti vari munzvimbo yakajairwa mukutanga 11 muzana yakashumwa. mavhoti?" Kwapera mwedzi mipfumbamwe gare gare, OAS haisati yapindura.
Muna Chikunguru, US Congress yakaita misangano nevakuru vakuru veOAS, uye yakavatarisana nemimwe yemibvunzo mimwecheteyo; havana kupindura zvine musoro.
Nekupomerwa kwekutanga uye kwezvematongerwo enyika kwekubiridzira kuri kuramba kuchishorwa, OAS yakatendeukira kune "zvisizvo" musarudzo kuti varambe vachirova pamutemo. Asi zvakazoitika kuti zvirevo izvi, sezviya zvinoenderana nenhamba, hazvigone kutsungirira kuongororwa. Iyo OAS inoita kunge gehena yakada kupembedza kwekutanga, uye zviri pachena kuti manyepo, kupomerwa kwekuita zvakaipa kwakakonzera kupidigura hurumende.
Zvichakadaro, Bolivia ine de facto mutungamiri, Jeanine Áñez, ane akadana Miitiro yorudzidziso yomunzvimbomo “yaSatani;” muna Ndira akayambira vavhoti kuti "vasabvumire kudzoka kwe'vanotyisa" pamasimba, zviri pachena zvichireva nhaka yeMorales nevazhinji vevatsigiri vake," according kuenda kuWashington Post. Yake yaifanirwa kuve "inochengeta" hurumende, asi sarudzo nyowani - dzave kurongwa muna Gumiguru 18 - dzakatomiswa katatu.
Mavhiri eruramisiro anokuya zvishoma nezvishoma mushure mekuvhota kwakatsigirwa neUS. Uye tsigiro yehutongi hwaTrump yave pachena: iyo White House yakasimudzira rondedzero ye "hutsotsi", uye chirevo chayo cheOrwellian zvichitevera kupidigura. kurumbidzwa kupandukira: “Kubva kwaMorales kunochengetedza gutsaruzhinji uye kunogadzirira nzira yokuti vanhu veBolivia vanzwiwe manzwi avo.”
Senator Marco Rubio ndomumwe weakanyanya kukosha kunechekuita pamusoro pemitemo yekutonga kwaTrump muLatin America. Muchiitiko ichi, akapinda muchiito kunyangwe isati yatanga kuburitswa kweOAS: "Mu #Bolivia zviratidzo zvese zvinotendeka ndezvekuti Evo Morales akatadza kuchengetedza muganho wakakodzera kudzivirira kutenderera kwechipiri musarudzo dzeMutungamiri," iye. akanyora zuva rakatevera kuvhota, uye pakanga paine "kumwe kunetseka kuti achakanganisa mhedzisiro kana maitiro ekudzivirira izvi."
maererano kuLos Angeles Times, "Carlos Trujillo, mumiriri weUS kuOAS, akatungamira boka rinoongorora sarudzo kuti ritaure hutsotsi hwapararira uye vakamanikidza hutongi hwaTrump kutsigira kudzingwa kweMorales."
Vhiki rino, Vamiriri veUS Jan Schakowsky naChuy Garcia akadana kuti US Congress "iferefete basa reOAS muBolivia mugore rapfuura, uye kuona kuti madhora evateresi haabatsire mukupidigura hurumende dzakasarudzwa nevanhu, kurwisana kwevanhu, kana kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu."
Ndiko kungava kutanga kwakanaka.
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Isu taiziva kuti izvi ndizvo zvakaitika, hazvitore nzwisiso huru kana hunyanzvi hwekushuma kuti uve neruzivo urwu. Ndiyo nzira yakagadzwa uye OAS, yakagara ichitongwa neUS, inogara ichibatanidzwa munyaya dzakadai. Ndakashanyira Bolivia mumakore aEvo Morales. Yakanga iri nyika inoshamisa. Rusaruraganda runohwina zvakare, maitiro eUS ehutongi anowanikwa pasi rose, asi kwete ese, hongu, anokonzerwa neUS, asi maoko ayo ane tsvina uye ane ropa anogara aripo kumwewo.