Ndinovimba tese tinogona kumbomira tofungisisa nezvehupenyu hunoshamisa hwegamba rechokwadi reAmerica neChipiri (Kurume 31). IZuva reCesar Chavez, rakaziviswa neMutungamiri Obama uye rakacherechedzwa munyika yose pazuva rekuzvarwa kweakazofa muvambi weUnited Farm Workers union. Izororo rehurumende rehurumende muCalifornia, Texas neColorado.
Sezvakataurwa neMutungamiri Obama, Chavez aive mutungamiri mukutanga "rimwe remafambiro anokurudzira nyika yedu." Akatidzidzisa, Obama akawedzera, "kuti kururamisira kwevanhu kunotora chiito, kusazvipira uye kuzvipira. Sezvo takatarisana nematambudziko ezuva ranhasi, ngatiite izvi netariro uye nekutsunga kwaCesar Chavez. "
Serimwe gamba remuAmerica, Martin Luther King Jr., Chavez akakurudzira nekusimbisa mamirioni avanhu pasi rese kutsvaga nekuhwina kodzero dzevanhu dzaive dzarambwa kare, uye akakurudzira mamirioni evamwe kuti vapinde muhondo iyi.
Zvirokwazvo kune vanhu vashoma mundima ipi neipi yakafanira kutariswa zvakanyanya, zvirokwazvo hapana wandakasangana naye mune inodarika hafu yezana ramakore rekushuma kwevashandi.
Ndakatanga kusangana naCesar Chavez pandakanga ndichitaura nezvebasa reSan Francisco Chronicle. Paive pahusiku hwekupisa kwechirimo muna 1965 mutaundi diki reSan Joaquin Valley reDelano, California. Chavez, vhudzi dema raipenya richitenderera pahuma yake, akapfeka hembe yegirinhi yakange yave yunifomu, akagara kuseri kwedhesiki rekugadzirisa rakange rakatsvuka tsvuku Formica.
"Si se puede," akadaro kasingaperi kwandiri, mutori wenhau aikahadzika zvikuru, patakanga tichitaura mukati menguva dzemangwanani-ngwanani imomo muimba yakanga yakatsvikinyidzana yaishanda sedzimbahwe rake nevamwe vaiedza kugadzira mubatanidzwa unoshanda wevashandi vepapurazi. .
โSi se puede! zvinogona kuitwa!โ
Asi ini ndaisazozununguswa. Vamwe vakawanda, kwemakore akawanda kwazvo, vakaedza uye vakatadza kuhwina kuvashandi vemumapurazi kodzero dzemubatanidzwa dzavaifanira kuva nadzo zvachose kana vaizopukunyuka kushayikwa kwakanyanya kwehupfumi nemagariro kwavaiitwa nevarimi vavanoshandira.
The Industrial Workers of the World vakaputika munzvimbo dzekumadokero kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, maKomonisiti akatevera, masocialists, AFL uye CIO varongi kuedza kwavo kwose kwakanga kwaputsika pasi pedzvinyiriro isingaperi yevarimi uye shamwari dzavo dzezvematongerwe enyika dzine simba.
Ndaiva nechokwadi kuti kuedza uku kwaisazosiyana. Ndakarasika. Ndakanga ndisina kuverenga nezvehungwaru hwehungwaru, hunyanzvi, hushingi uye kusindimara kwakajeka kwaCesar Chavez, murume ane ziso rakasuwa, aitaura zvinyoro-nyoro aitaura zvechiuto mukudzikama, manzwi akayerwa, murume munyoro uye ane moyo murefu ainyanya kuvanza zano. tarenda kuseri kwekunyemwerera kwekunyara uye mafungiro ekutaura pachena.
Chavez akabata chokwadi chakakosha chekuti vashandi vemumapurazi vaifanira kuzvironga. Varongi vekunze, zvisinei kuti vaive nevavariro yakanaka, vaisagona kuzviita. Chavez, mushandi wepapurazi pachezvake, akanyatsobatanidza sangano reuswa iro rakagonesa vashandi kuti vaumbe mubatanidzwa wavo, uyo wakabva watsvaga ndokuwana rutsigiro rwakapararira kubva kune vekunze vane simba.
Chombo chakakosha chesangano, chichangobva kuziviswa United Farm Workers, kana UFW, kwaive kuramba. Yakanga ichishanda zvikuru pakati pa1968 na1975 zvokuti 12 muzana yechiverengero chavagari vapasi vakura icho vanhu vane mamiriyoni 17 vakarega kutenga mazambiringa etafura.
Kuramwa mazambiringa kweUFW uye vamwe vachipesana nevarimi vewaini nevarimi velettuce vakahwina makondirakiti emubatanidzwa wemapurazi ekutanga munhoroondo muna 1970. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nemakore mashanu gare gare mutemo weCalifornia mutemo weCalifonia udzikwe zvakare wekutanga unoda kuti varimi vabvumirane pamwe chete nevashandi vanovhotera mubatanidzwa. Uye izvo zvakakonzera kuvandudzwa kwakanyanya mubhadharo, mabhenefiti, mamiriro ekushanda uye chimiro chakajairika chevashandi vepapurazi rehurumende. Mitemo yakafanana, ine miuyo yakafanana, zvino yakadzikwa kumwewo.
Kurwisana kwakazoita kuti vakunde kwakaoma zvikuru kune vashandi vaiva varombo, uye Chavez akaisa hutano hwake mungozi kana husiri hupenyu hwake kuti avape mienzaniso yakanyanyisa yezvibairo zvakakosha kuti vakunde. Zvakanyanya kukosha ndezvekuti akashanda mukutsanya kwenguva refu, kwakashambadzirwa zvakanyanya izvo zvakabatsira kuunganidza veruzhinji kuchinangwa chevashandi vepapurazi uye izvo zvinogona kunge zvakakonzera kufa kwake kwakaringana muna 1993 aine makore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu.
Kutsanya, kurambana. Hazvina tsaona kuti aya aive maturusi makuru aMohandas Gandhi, nekuti Chavez akakwevera kukuru kurudziro yake kubva kumutungamiri wechiHindu. Kufanana naGandhi uye mumwe wemhando yake, Martin Luther King Jr., Chavez akatenda nemoyo wose mumano ekusaita zvechisimba. Kufanana navo, akaratidza nyika kuti vangabudirira zvikuru sei mukutsvaka ruramisiro kunyange kuvashori vane simba zvikuru.
"Tine miviri yedu nemweya uye kururamisira kwechikonzero chedu sezvombo zvedu," Chavez akatsanangura.
Chinzvimbo chake chechiratidzo chakabvunzwa nevamwe vekunze avo vakaita semudzvanyiriri mumakore ake ekupedzisira semukuru weUFW. Asi izvo zvakaitwa neUFW pasi pehutungamiriri hwake, uye kuti mubatanidzwa wakazviita sei, hazvizombokanganwiki kwete nemamiriyoni evaratidziri vezvemagariro avo vakafemerwa uye nekusimbiswa nekurwira kwevashandi vepapurazi, kana nevashandi pachavo.
Chavez akakodzera anoramba aripo, uye pasina mubvunzo acharamba aripo, mufananidzo wekuAmerica akatungamira nzira yekuhwina kodzero dzepamutemo dzevashandi vemumapurazi. Asi kupfuura zvibvumirano zvemubatanidzwa, uye kupfuura mitemo, vashandi vemumapurazi izvozvi vane izvo Cesar Chavez akasimbirira kuti zvaidiwa kupfuura zvese zvimwe. Kuti, sokundiudza kwaakaita makore akawanda kwazvo apfuura, โndechokuita kuti vashandi vatende zvechokwadi uye vanzwisise uye vazive kuti vakasununguka, kuti varume nevakadzi vakasununguka, kuti vakasununguka kumira uye kurwira kodzero dzavo.โ
Rusununguko. Hapana mutungamiri akambosiya nhaka yakakura. Asi kurwisana kunoenderera mberi. Zvisinei nekukunda kweUFW, vashandi vemumapurazi vari kuda kushandisa zvizere kodzero dzakawanikwa pasi pehutungamiriri hwaChavez. Vanofanira kudzoreredza izvo zvave kudzikira kwehupfumi hweUFW mumakore achangopfuura, zvichikonzerwa nechikamu nekusateedzerwa kwemitemo yakapa kodzero dzemubatanidzwa wevashandi vemapurazi.
Vazhinji vashandi vemumapurazi vachiri muhurombo, mihoro yavo nekushanda nekugara kwavo zvinonyadzisa nyika. Vanoita avhareji isingasviki $10,000 pagore uye vane mashoma kana paine mabhenefiti. Vanotambura kushaya mabasa kwemwaka.
Chengetedzo yebasa ishoma, sezvo vazhinji vevashandi vari varombo vanobva kuMexico kana Central America vanofanirwa kutora chero chinopihwa kana kutsiviwa nevamwe vashandi varombo zvakanyanya kubva murukova rusingaperi rwevanobva kune dzimwe nyika. Kushandiswa kwevana kwatekeshera.
Kunyanya kuhaya nekupfura kunoitwa pakuda kwevashandirwi, vazhinji vavo varimi vemakambani akapfuma kana makondirakiti evashandi vanoisa mubhadharo uye mamiriro ekushanda uye neimwe nzira vanoita zvehumbimbindoga.
Vashandi vanowanzosangana nemishonga ine ngozi uye dzimwe njodzi dzakakomba dzeutano nekuchengeteka dzinoita kuti basa repapurazi rive rimwe remabasa ane ngozi zvikuru munyika. Vanowanzo shaya zvekushandisa zvakadai semvura yekunwa yakachena uye zvimbuzi zvemumunda, uye nguva dzose vanomanikidzwa kugara mudzimba dzakatsvikinyidzana, dzisina kusimba.
Zuva reCesar Chavez rinofanira kutiyeuchidza nezvekuenderera mberi kwekutora matanho emutemo ane simba uye mamwe matanho akamiririra vashandi vemumapurazi kuti vavabatsire kukunda mamiriro avo akashata uye pakupedzisira kupa hupenyu hwakanaka kune vese vanoita basa rakaoma, rakasviba uye rine njodzi rinoisa. michero nemiriwo pamatafura edu.
Tinoda, muchidimbu, kuenderera mberi nezvakatanga Cesar Chavez. Hapana chatingagona kupa rukudzo rukuru kundangariro yake.
Copyright ยฉ 2015 Dick Meister, mutori wenhau webasa wenguva refu akanyora "Nguva Yakareba Kuuya: Kutamburira Kubatanidza Vashandi Vepurazi reAmerica" โโ(Macmillan). Anogona kusvikwa pa [email inodzivirirwa] kana www.dickmeister.com.
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