Panzira yemushandirapamwe, Barack Obama akashora mitemo yaGeorge W Bush yakanga yaita kuti US ive pasi rose - hondo nekuzvidza kodzero dzevanhu. Kwatiri, chimwe chekukwezva kweseneta semumiriri ndechekuti akavimbisa pachena, achipokana nehondo yeIraq uye akaramba zvechiuto. Saka zvakaoma kuti usaodzwa mwoyo.
VaObama parizvino vanombundira - uye vawedzera - dzimwe dzepfungwa dzavakarwisa. Iyi haisiriyo nzira iyo vatsoropodzi vari kuruboshwe, sesu, vanoona zvinhu. Ari Fleischer, aimbove munyori wenhau waVaBush, akati: "Zvakafanana naGeorge Bush ari kuita temu yake yechina ... [VaObama] munyengeri." Muchokwadi, izvi zviri nyore nyore. Mutungamiri aramba zvinhu zvakakosha zvechirongwa cheNeoconservative.
Hutongi uhu hwakamisa kana kushomeka kurwadzisa, kubvisa mauto muIraq, kuseta nguva yekubuda muAfghanistan, kubhadharira muromo kubviswa kwenyukireya uye kuramba kupinda muIran. Mutungamiri anga achikahadzika kupfuura vazhinji muWashington nezvekupindira muSyria. Akatsvagawo kuvhara Guantรกnamo, kunyangwe kuedza kwake kusvika parizvino kwave kushoma.
Saka, kwete, haasi VaBush. Asi pane nyaya ichaitwa yekuti VaObama, muzvinhu zvakakosha, vakatonyanya kuipa kupfuura vakavatangira. Isu tinoziva, kubva kune zvakazarurwa zvichangoburwa zvakaitwa nemuridzo Edward Snowden, ndeapi panoptic kugona kune vanopfuura 1m vekuAmerica vane zvibvumirano zvekuchengetedza. Mauto aya akaiswa kuti atarise huwandu hwevanhu vemuno nevekunze pamwero usingafungidzirwe.
VaObama vanosimbirira kuti pane dziviriro dziripo kuitira kuti matura edata uye matura azere nemarekodhi akachengetwa asashungurudzwa; iyo US Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, semuenzaniso. Asi mutumbi uyu unoratidzika sechitambi cherabha. Yakatendera chikumbiro chese chakaitwa nayo gore rapfuura. Yakaramba zviviri chete zvezvikumbiro zve8,591 zvakatumirwa pakati pa2008 na2012.
Ngatitorei izwi reWhite House rekuti simba guru iri harizoshandiswa zvisizvo, zvisinei. Ngatitorei zvakanaka zvaVaObama. Kunyangwe kana hutongi hwake husingade kufamba nematiririyoni emaemail, mafoto uye nhaurirano dzefoni dzichipfuura nemu. National Security Agency, pane mumwe achazviita. Kana data rakadaro raunganidzwa, rinozopedzisira rawanikwa. Muyedzo wakanyanyisa.
J Edgar Hoover, mutungamiriri weFederal Bureau of Investigation kubva muna 1935 kusvikira muna 1972, akaratidzira iyi zvokwadi mubasa refu rinonyadzisa. Akaisa Martin Luther King Jr pasi pekutariswa - mumwe chete wevatungamiriri vevanhu vaaida kuzvidza. Vatungamiriri vemangwana havazoda kushandisa mvura ye cannon ne tear gas kumisa varatidziri. Uyewo havazombodi kudyara tsikidzi. Iyo NSA ikozvino ine muchina wekuvharira uyo East Germany Stasi yaigona kungorota nezvayo.
Pamusoro pezvo, kana kumanikidza kusinganzwisisike kukatadza uye kumanikidza kuchidikanwa, VaObama nevateveri vavo vachave nekwavanogona kunanga chero munhu, chero kupi, zvine humbowo uye nenzira inouraya. IUS iri kumisa hutongi hwakakwana pamusoro penyika, gungwa, mhepo, nzvimbo uye cyber space - yakazara-spectrum kutonga.
Isu takaona izvi zvichitanga kutora fomu: Mr Obama pores pamusoro pevhiki nevhiki "kuuraya mazita". Anosarudza kuti ndiani waanonongedza nemadrones, matsva, akaomesesa shanduro ari kukurumidza kuvandudzwa, uye kwete chete neUS. Asi VaObama nevapangamazano vavo havatarise nyaya yekuti zvirongwa izvi zvinounza magandanga akawanda kudarika anobvisa. Hapana kumwe kunovengwa neUS kupfuura muPakistan, uko ma drones akauraya zviuru.
Uyezve, hukuru hweAmerican tekinoroji hauzodzivirire US. Muma1940, Mutungamiriri Harry Truman akatenda kuti Soviet Union yaive nzira refu kubva pakugadzira zvombo zvenyukireya uye kuti US ichava nenyukireya yakareba monopoly. Yakagara chete kusvika 1949. IUS ichaita kukanganisa kwakafanana kana ikatumira drones pasi rose, inotumira zvombo kunzvimbo kana kuti normalises cyber warfare.
VaObama vakave maneja ane hushamwari uye anoshanda nesimba muumambo hweAmerica. Uye, muzita rekuchengetedzwa kwenyika, ari kuisa hwaro hweramangwana rinotyisa redystopian nekubatanidza yakazara-spektrum surveillance nehutongi hwemauto hwakazara.
Kutsvaga kwaVaObama kwepasi rose kushinga VaSnowden ingori nyaya inonyadzisa yazvino. Angave makore 60 chaiwo apfuura apo Jean-Paul Sartre akayambira vanhu vekuAmerica kuti: โNyika yenyu iri kurwara nekutyaโฆ America ine chimbwamupengo! Cheka zvisungo zvese zvinotibatanidza naye, tikasadaro ticharumwa topenga!โ
VaObama, avo vanoramwa nzara vachidyiswa uye vanoridza muridzo vachipomerwa hukasha husingaenzaniswi, vanofanirwa kugadziridza vasati varovera zvipikiri zvekupedzisira mubhokisi renyika yaimbodada yeAmerica.
Oliver Stone munyori anohwina Mubairo uye mutungamiriri. Peter Kuznick purofesa wenhoroondo paAmerican University. Ivo vakanyora pamwe zvinyorwa zvinyorwa uye bhuku 'The Untold History of the United States'.
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