Yave tsika yekushora kusaita zvakanaka kwevadzidzi vekuUS mumasvomhu nesainzi kana mhinduro dzavo dzebvunzo dzichifananidzwa nedzevadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika dzemaindasitiri dzemberi uye dzisiri dzemberi.
Asi, zvinozoitika, maererano neNation's Report Card, kana National Assessment of Educational Progress, iyo federally administered test results yakaburitswa muna Chikumi 2011, nzvimbo iyo vadzidzi vekuUS vanonyanya kuita zvakashata inhoroondo yeUS. Mukuwirirana nemiuyo, 12 muzana bedzi yavadzidzi vechikoro chapamusoro vakanga vane unyanzvi munhau yeU.S. Uye zvishoma chete 2 muzana inogona kuziva chinetso chenzanga chakataurwa muBrown v. Board of Education, kunyange zvazvo mhinduro yacho yaifanira kunge iri pachena kubva mumashoko emubvunzo wacho pachawo.
Vadzidzi vekare-vakapikiswa vanoshanduka kuva vanhu vakuru vakanetsa kare vanoitira vagari vasina kukodzera. Yedu republic system inoda vanhu vakadzidza, vakadzidza, uye vane ruzivo. Hakushamisi kuti kutaura kwakakurumbira kwaSantayana kwokuti “uyo anokanganwa zvakapfuura anotongerwa kuzvidzokorora” kwave kuchiitwa kakawanda pamusoro pezana ramakore rapfuura uye chikamu chimwe muzvina chenhau yeU.S.
Panyaya yedzidzo yenhoroondo, takatarisana nematambudziko maviri akakosha. Kutanga, sezvinoratidzwa neNyika's Report Card, vadzidzi vanoziva nhoroondo shoma. Chechipiri, zvizhinji zvezvavanodzidza hazvina kunyanya kukwana kana kuti hazvina kunaka. Tora, semuenzaniso, nhaurirano yekubhomba kweatomu kweHiroshima neNagasaki mune chimwe chinyorwa chechikoro chesekondari-The American Past naJoseph Conlin-zvinoitika kuti zvishandiswe mumwanasikana waOliver akayerwa zvakanyanya Los Angeles akazvimirira chikoro chesekondari.
Mundima shoma shoma dzakapihwa kubhomba reatomu, iro Newseum's 1999 boka renyanzvi rakazivisa chiitiko chakakosha kwazvo chezana ramakore rechi20, Conlin anokwanisa kudzokorora kaviri nhema dzekuti mabhomba akashandiswa kudzivirira miriyoni imwe yekufa kweUS mukurwisa. , kuti kunyanyisa kweJapan kwakanga “kusingabviri kukwidziridza,” uye kuti mabhomba akagumisa hondo.
Kusaziva kuzere kwakadaro kana kudzingwa nemaune kwechidzidzo chemazuva ano pamusoro pemusoro wenyaya hazvigoneke. Conlin haangotadzi kutaura gakava riripo pamusoro pefungidziro yevafi, anofuratira zvidzidzo zveDhipatimendi reHurumende neHondo achipikisa kuti maJapan akanga asiri vanhu vanonyanyisa asi vaizorwa zvakasimba kuti vadzivirire mambo, kuti vatungamiri veJapan vakaziva kuti kukunda kwakanga kusingabviri. vachiedza kuchengetedza mazwi aizovabvumira kuti vadzivise kukanda mapfumo pasi pasina zvisungo, kuti United States yakanga yatyora macode eJapan uye vatungamiriri veAmerica vaiziva zvizere nezvedambudziko rekusuwa kweJapan - Truman akadana teregiramu yaChikunguru 18 se "Teregiramu kubva kuna mambo weJap aikumbira. rugare", kuti veUS vaiziva kuti kupinda nechisimba kweSoviet kwaizopedza maJapan zvachose - "fini Japs" apo Stalin anouya muTruman akanyora, kuti kukanganisa kwemabhomba eatomu kwaive kushoma nekuti US yanga ichipukuta. kunze kwemaguta ese kwemwedzi yakawanda nekurwiswa kwebhomba remoto, uye kuti kwaive kutyisa kweSoviet, izvo zvakaratidza kubhuroka kwehurongwa hweJapan hwekudyidzana nemauto, kwete mabhomba eatomu, akamanikidza Japan kukanda mapfumo pasi.
Conlin haadi kutaura kuti vatanhatu vevanomwe nyeredzi veUS vakagamuchira nyeredzi yechishanu panguva yehondo vari parekodhi vachiti mabhomba eatomu angave ane mhosva - sezvakaita Mukuru weVashandi veTruman Admiral William Leahy - kana zvechiuto zvisina basa. General Douglas MacArthur akaudza aimbova purezidhendi Herbert Hoover kuti maJapan angadai akazvipira nemufaro muna Chivabvu, ingangoita mwedzi mitatu yapfuura, kana veUS vakavaudza kuti vanogona kuchengeta mambo. Nepo ikoko kungava kuwedzeredza, hakungavi chimwe chinhu chinofadza kuvadzidzi vechikoro chesekondari here?
Vanhu vasingazivi chokwadi chezvakaitika kare vanozadza nzvimbo yacho nemaonero ehuori kana kuti engano. MuUnited States iyo inowanzotora chimiro chengano inonyaradza yekusarudzika kweAmerica - pfungwa yekuti yakasarudzika pakati pemarudzi, US inokurudzirwa nerupo rusina, rupo, uye chishuwo chekuparadzira rusununguko uye democracy. Woodrow Wilson, mutendi wechokwadi mubasa reAmerica, akazivisa mushure meVersailles, "Pakupedzisira nyika inoziva America semuponesi wenyika!"
Kunyange Hondo Yenyika I, iyo Wilson akanyepera nyika mairi, kana Chibvumirano cheVersailles chinotariswa kumashure zvakanaka nhasi. Vamwe vatungamiri, kunyanya Ronald Reagan naGeorge W. Bush, vakataura manzwiro akafanana, izvo pasina mubvunzo kuti vakatendawo nemoyo wese. Tichiri kubhadhara muripo wekusagadzikana kwavakatinyepera.
Sokutaura kwakaita mutori wenhau mukuru akazvimirira I. F. Stone nokuchenjera: “Hurumende dzose dzinonyepa, asi ngwavaira yakamirira nyika dzine vakuru vakuru vanoputa hashishi imwe cheteyo yavanopa. Uye zvinotonyanya kuva nengozi kana ruzhinji rusingazivi, rwakadzidziswa nepfungwa dzakafanana dzecockamamie sevatungamiriri venyika, vasina pfungwa dzakanaka dzokubvunza zvavari kurutsa.
Sezvatinoratidza mubhuku redu richangoburwa uye irikuuya documentary film series inonzi The Untold History yeUnited States, zvinodzidzwa nevadzidzi nezve kubhomba kweatomu kweHiroshima neNagasaki ingori chikamu chidiki chekuedza kwakarongeka kuchenesa uye kuchenesa nhoroondo yeUS.
Izvi zvine kukosha kukuru nekuti maonero avanhu ekare haangozivisi zviito zvavo munguva ino chete, anoganhurira pfungwa yavo yezvinogona kuitika mune ramangwana. Yave nguva yenhaurirano yenyika pamusoro pezvave chaizvo nhoroondo yenyika ino - yakanaka nezvakaipa, warts nezvimwe.
Tiri kupinda munguva yenhoroondo umo vanhu vekuAmerica vachaita basa rakasiyana kwazvo renyika yavo munyika iri kukurumidza kuchinja - basa rinonzvenga mauto uye imperialism yakaratidza zana ramakore rapfuura - kana kuti richaenderera mberi nekusaona. nzira yazvino yekudziya nekudzikira nemhedzisiro yakangovepo zvishoma nezviitiko zvinotyisa muna Nyamavhuvhu 1945 apo iyo U.S., zvachose, yakawana "simba" kuseri kwe "kurudyi," kushandura mafambiro enhoroondo kune ramangwana rinoonekwa.
Oliver Stone naPeter Kuznick vanyori vanyori ve The Untold History of the United States (Gallery Books, $30)
Ongorora: Munyori Daniel Conlin akatanga kunzi Joseph Conlin mune yekutanga vhezheni yechinyorwa ichi.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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