Michigan DEQ, Hofisi yaGavhuna Pasi peEPA Kuongorora Kubatsira Dow muKunyorovesa Mamiriro Ezvakatipoteredza, Kunonoka Dioxin Kuchenesa-up.
Muna Mbudzi, 2007, Dow Chemical yakashuma kuEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) dioxin yakasungwa inosvika miriyoni 1.6 zvikamu patiririyoni (ppt) murwizi-pasi sediment iri padyo neWickes Park, muSaginaw, MI. Izvi zvinomiririra huwandu hwakawanda hwema dioxins muRwizi rweSaginaw kubvira pakatanga kuedzwa muna 1978 uye ndiyo imwe yero yepamusoro ye dioxin yakambotaurwa kuEPA. Yepamusoro-soro yakambowanikwa muRwizi rweSaginaw yakayera zvishoma, pa32,000ppt.
Dioxin ichepfu ine ngozi kukanganisa hurongwa hwetsinga nekubereka, kukonzeresa magomarara akawanda uye kunokanganisawo kukura kwemwana nekukura kwe "fetus". Dioxin, inowanikwa muvhu rakasvibiswa, rwizi-pasi sediments nehove, ine ngozi zvekuti inonyorwa muzvikamu patrilioni, inopesana nezvikamu pamiriyoni kana bhiriyoni. Nyika yeMichigan yaimboda kucheneswa pa90 ppt uye EPA pa1,000ppt.
Dioxin inosvibisa sediment yevhu panguva yemafashama epagore eTittabawassee River. Mumakore achangopfuura, EPA yakatenga varidzi vedzimba munzvimbo dzakasvibiswa zvakanyanya. Iye zvino, vagari vakawanda vari kukumbira sangano iri kuti rivatamisire.
Iyo EPA yakaraira Dow kuti ichenese-3 yakaparadzana "nzvimbo dzinopisa" muTittabawassee June apfuura. Zvakawanikwa zvichangoburwa zvinouya panguva iyo DEQ, Dow neEPA vari kusangana pachivande kuti vakurukure nezvekuwedzera kutonga pamusoro pekuchenesa-up manejimendi kuEPA.
Dow yakatanga kurasa madhioxin kubva muchirimwa chayo cheMidland kupinda muTittabawassee Hondo Yenyika I isati yasvika uye yakaramba ichirasa kusvika muna 1970. Hurukuro maererano nekugadzirisa 50 mamaira enzizi dzine tsvina dzinodyira muSaginaw Bay dzatora makore anoda kusvika makumi matatu. Maererano a ichangobva kuburitswa EPA memo, kunonoka uku uye kusanzwisisana kwevanhu pamusoro pengozi ye dioxins zvakaitika pamwe neHurumende kuwirirana.
Muna Nyamavhuvhu, 2007, memo yakavanzika iyo Lone Tree Council ichangobva kuwana kubva kuEPA, sezviri pachena netsaona, vachishandisa Mutemo weRusununguko rweRuzivo (FOIA), ine kutsoropodza kunotyisa maererano nekusabatwa zvakanaka kwehurongwa hwekugadziridza nehofisi yaGavhuna uye. iyo Dhipatimendi reEnvironment Quality (DEQ). Memo yakacherekedza kuti Dow Chemical yakawana mukana usina kumbobvira waitika kuna Gavhuna uye DEQ Director, Steven Chester:
"Dow yagara ichisimudza nyaya dzemitemo (inowanzogadziriswa padanho revashandi) kusvika kuvakuru vepamusoro kuMDEQโฆDow akashandisa nzira iyi mukutaurirana nezve1/20/05 Framework Agreement (FA) pakati peDow neNyika yeMichigan iyo vane kudzora kugona kweMDEQ kuda panguva uye yakazara kugadzirisa chiito muSaginaw Bay watershed. FA yakataurirana pakati pehofisi yaGavhuna, manejimendi epamusoro kuMDEQ, uye DowโฆDow ashandisa nzira yeimwe gakava rekugadzirisa (ADR), yakatangwa munhau iyi muna 2005, kuchengetedza ruzivo rusina kuvanzika kubva kune veruzhinji.
Iyo EPA memo inoshoropodza DEQ nevamiriri vemitemo vakasiyana-siyana veMichigan nekubatsira Dow kupfavisa zviyero zvezvakatipoteredza uye kunonoka zviitiko zvakakura zvekuchenesa, nokudaro kuderedza kukuvadzwa kwemhosva kune kambani:
"Dow's hazardous waste operating rezinesi (RCRA License) rakapihwa zvakare kuDow neMDEQ musi waChikumi 12, 2003. Isati yaburitswazve, Dow yakapedza makore angangosvika gumi ichitaurirana nezvemitemo nemamiriro erezinesi yayo yeRCRA yakapera (yakapera muna 1993) neMDEQ, kusanganisira kunze-saiti kugadzirisa zvinodiwa. Kunze kwesaiti kugadzirisa nyaya dzakasvika pakakwirira munenge muna 2002 payakanzi zvigadziriswe zvinodikanwa zveDow's RCRA License zvibviswe murezinesi uye kuiswa mune yakaparadzana chibvumirano nemirairo nemamiriro akanakira Dow. EPA yakaramba zvakasimba chirevo ichi kuburikidza neruzhinji zvakataurwa pamusoro pegwaro remvumo. Chikumbiro ichi chakatemerwa neMichigan's Attorney General kuti ive isiri pamutemo. Dow, zvisinei, yakaenderera mberi nekuedza kwayo kudzivirira chero chakananga kunze-saiti kugadzirisa zvinodiwa kubva pakubatanidzwa muDow's RCRA License. EPA yakazopedzisira yada MDEQ, zvichienderana ne40 CFR 271.19, kuti ibatanidze izvi zvisungo zvekugadzirisa kunze kwenzvimbo mumvumo yeDow.
Iyo memo inoshoropodzawo Dow nekupa iyo DEQ nemhedzisiro yerabhoritari yenhema. MunaNovember, 2006, Priscilla Denney, mainjiniya ezvemamiriro ekunze ane Dow akazivisa vakuru vake kuti basa raDow rekuita sampling sediment rakawanikwa nerabhoritari inoitisa bvunzo dzekusimbisa kuti rakakanganiswa zvekuti lab yakaramba mhedzisiro, musi wa5 Zvita, uye ndokupedza chibvumirano chayo nekambani mazuva akati wandei gare gare. Mukupindura, Denney akaderedzwa. Kunyangwe kurambwa kwelabhu, Dow yakaendesa DEQ zvayakawana muna Kukadzi. Zvinoshamisa, kubva muna Zvita 5, 2007, director weDEQ Chester anosimbirira kuti, "Parizvino, hatina chikonzero chekutenda kuti data haina kunaka ... zvaive chokwadi."
Iyo DEQ ine nhoroondo yekuvhara-huzere huzere hwekusvibiswa kweDow's dioxin uye kubatsira kambani mukudzikisa huwandu hwezvingangoitika zvikwereti nekuda kushomeka kwekugadzirisa mashandiro.
Muna 2001, vakapihwa mukana neDEQ mukati, Lone Tree Council neMichigan Environmental Council vakaisa FOIA maererano neDEQ kuyedzwa kwemazinga e dioxin kumaodzanyemba kweSaginaw.
Muna Kubvumbi, 2000, vachiri kuita chirongwa chekudzikisa madhamu, General Motors Corporation (GM) vakawana mazinga akakwirira e dioxin (pamwe chete nema dibenszofuran makomponi) mumunda wepurazi pedyo nekusangana kweTittawbawassee neSaginaw Rivers. Iwo masampuli aive neyakaomeswa dioxin yakakwira se2,199 ppt. Kubva muna Zvita 2000 kusvika Chikumi, 2001, mukufarira kuchengetedzwa kweveruzhinji, DEQ yakaunganidza masampuli evhu kubva munzvimbo shanu muTittawbawassee River mafashamo bani, kumaodzanyemba kweSaginaw. Iwo makumi matatu nemana samples akaunganidzwa airatidza dioxin concentration kubva pa39 kusvika 7,261 ppt ine masampuli mashanu chete ane TEF yakaderera pane iyo NREPA (Chikamu 201) yakakurudzirwa pekugara maitiro e90 ppt kana pasi.
Chikumbiro cheFOIA chakaratidza kuti director director, Russ Harding, uyo ave kushandira iyo Dow-inotsigirwa neMackinaw Center yePublic Policy, akadzvinyirira ruzivo nezve bvunzo dzevhu uye akaramba kupa mvumo kune kumwe kuedzwa kwevhu kweTittawbawassee floodplain. Harding akadzvinyirirawo ongororo yehutano yemukati iyo yakakurudzira kuita kwehurumende nekukurumidza. Harding akasvika pakusvibisa zvikamu uye kugadzirisa mamwe magwaro eruzhinji aitaura nezvekubatanidzwa kweDow Chemical mukusvibiswa kwe dioxin.
Mutungamiriri akaedza kushandura Chikamu 201 cheNREPA kuti iwedzere huwandu hunobvumirwa dioxin munzvimbo dzekugara uye dzemaindasitiri, kuitira kuti zvigadzirise mashandiro eDow Chemical, kugadzira "dioxin zone" muMidland uye Tittawbawassee mafashamo anobvumira mazinga anotenderwa. dioxins kanopfuura kagumi pamusoro pehutano hwehurumende. Mutemo weNyika, wakasainwa muna Zvita, 2006, unobvumira DEQ kuverengera zvakare maitiro ekuchenesa dioxin zvichibva pazviyero zveEPA zve1,000ppt, zvichipesana nezvinodiwa neNyika zve90ppt. Izvi zvine mhedzisiro yekubvisa mhosva yeDow mukusvibisa zviuru zvedzimba dzaive dzakavharwa neimwe mutemo weNyika.
Zvakare zvaisanganisirwa munhaurirano dzeDEQ-Dow kwaive kuzorora pamusoro pekuzvidavirira kweDow mune zvingangoitika mudare remangwana maererano nemhedzisiro yedioxin pahutano hweveruzhinji pamwe neDEQ ichibvumira DOW kuti iongorore sangano. Michigan Attorney General, Jennifer Granholm, akaudza DEQ kuti, nekuti chibvumirano hachina kutevedzera maitiro ekutonga uye chakaitwa pasina ruzivo rweveruzhinji chiitiko ichi chaizonzi chisiri pamutemo. Iyo EPA memo inocherekedza kuti aimbove Gweta Mukuru, saGavhuna, anoenderera mberi achibvumira Dow kutonga pane mamwe maDEQ maitiro ekuita sarudzo:
"Dow kazhinji ... inokumbira kuti nyaya dzigadziriswe nekushanda kwezuva rose. Maitiro echikamu chekushanda akave nemhedzisiro yekudzikamisa rekodhi rekodhi, uye inoisa zvakakosha zviwanikwa zvinodiwa paMDEQ. EPA hapana imwe nzvimbo inoziva muHurumende yeMichigan uko nzira iyi yekugadzirisa matanho yakatenderwa neMDEQโฆ Dow inowanzokumbira MDEQ kuti iite sarudzo ipapo pamisangano.
Mukupfavisa zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa uye kunonoka kuchenesa, Gavhuna Granholm uye mukuru weDEQ aripo, Steven Chester anoenderera mberi netsika yaHarding yekusimudza mutoro kubva kune vanosvibisa zvikuru pamusoro pekusvibiswa kwemvura kwakakura uye kukanganisa kuhutano hweveruzhinji.
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