Pane maviri chete maratidziro munhoroondo yeAmerica apo masangano evashandi akave nzvimbo yepakati mune zvematongerwo enyika.
Ndichadaidza idzi "Big Bang" nguva nekuti vakasimudzira iyo American Federation of Labor (AFL) mushure me1886 uye Komiti yeIndustrial Organisation (CIO) mushure me1935, kubva kumakomiti ekutanga ekuronga kuita masangano makuru achikanganisa nekukwezva mamirioni.
Munyaya yeAFL, yakakonzerwa nekutsigirwa kwezuva remaawa masere uye munyaya yeCIO, yakakonzerwa nekutsigira kwakasimba kwekuronga kwemubatanidzwa kwemamiriyoni evashandi vekare vakanga vasina kubatanidzwa.
Hapasati pavezve nekugamuchirwa kwevakawanda kudai uye kukosha kwebasa, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekutadza kuzhinji kubata nguva yenhoroondo.
Ini ndinotenda nhasi mumwe wakadai "Big Bang" mukana wevashandi vakarongeka kukanda zviwanikwa zvavo kuseri kwemuhoro wakanyanya kufarirwa "Kurwira madhora gumi nemashanu," chimwe chinhu chisina kuitwa neAFL-CIO yenyika asi zvakajeka.
Mushandirapamwe uyu wakatokunda kukunda kukuru kwemutemo muSeattle, San Francisco neLos Angele uye "kuchinja kusingadikanwi kusingadiwi" mumashoko aKarl Kramer, mutungamiri weSan Francisco Living-Wage Coalition.
Ichokwadi, kuronga kuri kusimudza mhepo nekufamba kwevashandi vekudya nekukurumidza kunoitika mumaguta 270 eUS ari kutyora rekodhi musi waTues., Mbudzi 10.
MuSan Francisco, zuva rakazara rezviito rakatanga pa 6am apo varwi makumi manomwe neshanu vakaungana pamwechete vasati vagara murunyararo kwemaminetsi makumi matatu veMcDonald's vakabatikana mukati meboka revashandi veMisheni District vachiimba “Bata maBurger, Bata Fries, Tinoda Mihoro Yedu Iwedzere Kukura!”
"Simba iri rainakidza," akadaro Conny Ford, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weSan Francisco Labor Council, AFL-CIO. Uye, anotenda kuti bato iri richaramba richikura nekuti riri "kubatanidza madonhwe pazvinhu zvakakosha kune vanhu vanoshanda vanotambura nerusarura ganda, kutamiswa kwedzimba uye kusakwana kwehutano hwemhuri - zvese zvine chekuita nemuhoro wehurombo."
Ndosaka, Kramer waLiving Wage akandiudza, 10 Nov. kuratidzira kweSan Francisco "Kurwira $15" kuburikidza neMission District yakanyatsogadzirisa "denda rechirwere chekutamiswa kwedzimba nekudaidzira kuti 'muhoro mukuru uye rendi shoma.'”
Maawa masere, Industrial Unionism, Kurwira madhora gumi nemashanu
Kuchikwereti chavo, mubatanidzwa wepasi rose weSEIU une simba uye zvikamu zvawo zvemuno zvakakanda zviwanikwa mu "Kurwira $15."
Asi, kuve neiyo yakakura kwazvo yenyika AFL-CIO inobatanidzwa pamwero mukuru kwaizowedzera kusimbaradza uye, nekudzoka, zvirokwazvo kusimbisa uye kumutsidzira iyo anemic mubatanidzwa mubatanidzwa pachayo.
Sezvambotaurwa, kufambirana kwesimba kwevashandi nezvidikanwi zvechimbichimbi zveboka revashandi zvakamboitika munhoroondo yedu, kana kaviri chete ipapo. Asi, nguva dzose dziri mbiri, vashandi vakakura zvikuru munhamba nepesvedzero.
Kunyange zvazvo mienzaniso yangu yakapararira mumakore 150, vose vanogovana zvakafanana chimwe chinhu chakakosha kune rimwe nerimwe rinobudirira sangano revanhu - pfungwa iyo nguva yasvika.
Panyaya yeAFL yakaumbwa muna 1886, mutangiri wayo, Federation of Organised Trades and Labor Unions, vakavhota nezwi rimwe chete muna 1884 kuti vaise Chivabvu 1, 1886 sezuva rekuramwa mabasa kukuru vachidaidzira zuva remaawa masere.
Zviito izvi zvakakonzera mheremhere yenyika yevhiki pfupi yebasa panguva iyo vashandi vekugadzira vaishanda avhareji yemaawa zana pasvondo kunyangwe kusvika muna 100 hurumende payakatanga kutevera maawa.
Pasina kupokana, kumbundikira kwakazara kweAFL kwezuva remaawa masere kwakabata tsinga ndokuiisa mumusangano mukuru husiku, ichibvisa mumakore mashoma 800,000-vakasimba Knights of Labor vakaramba kubvumidza kuratidzira kwaMay 1, 1886.
Zvakatonyanya, mushure mekupokana nekuratidzira kwe "awa masere" pakati pekupomerwa kwavaitungamirwa nevanopikisa uye masocialists, maKnights nekuchenjera vakasiya rutsigiro rwavo rwemaawa masere ekushanda kune mamwe mazano ekuedza uye asina kujeka e "kudzikiswa zvishoma nezvishoma muvhiki yebasa. .”
Iyi equivocation inodhura Knights zvakanyanya.
Pakangove izwi guru rekushanda, maKnights akangoerekana asangana nekubuda kwevanhu vakawanda uye akaunyana kune asingasviki 50,000 nhengo mumakore mashoma chete. Panga paine zvimwe zvaikonzera, asi kusatsiga kwe Knights pazuva remaawa masere zvirokwazvo chaive chikonzero chikuru chakaita kuti sangano riparare.
Iro ndiro simba remutongo wenhoroondo pamasangano anofuratira kurova kwemwoyo kwechimbichimbi chezvinodiwa munharaunda.
Mumakore ekuma1930, iyo AFL yakanga iri munzira yekukanganwa kudaro apo vakaramba vakasindimara uye vakaramba vachiramba kuronga vashandi veindasitiri vasina ruzivo kunyange pavakasangana nedambudziko neCIO yakavimbisa kuronga vashandi vese vekugadzira maindasitiri.
Semuyenzaniso, mutungamiri weAFL Teamster anochengetedza, Daniel Tobin akataura pamusoro pekukakavadzana neCIO pamusoro pekubatanidzwa kwevasina hunyanzvi nenzira iyi: "Kunetsana kwekubvuma kubatanidzwa kuri kuitika. Hatidi kubhadharisa humbavha kana zvakanakira pasina. ”
Asi, kunyangwe vatungamiriri vakasungwa ava vakakurumidza kuchinja maitiro avo mushure mekushushikana nekukura kwakakura kwemukwikwidzi wavo musimbi, mota nerabha zvakabata CIO mumakore mashoma mashoma kusvika kuenzana nenhengo 4,200,000 iyo AFL yakashuma muna 1940.
Nenguva isipi, iyo AFL yakaramba ichimhanya uye ichikura zvakanyanya apo avo vanobatana navo mumubatanidzwa vakadzora magiya uye vakatanga kuronga vashandi zvisinei nehunyanzvi.
Zvakadaro, kubudirira kupfupi asi kukuru kweCIO kuri kukonzerwa nemutungamiri weMineworker union John L. Lewis nevamwe vake kutora nguva iyi.
A New Labor Policy
Ongororo yedu yenhoroondo yebasa yakatiudzei nezvemikana yezvematongerwo enyika yanhasi? Ndakataura naShum Preston nezvemubvunzo iwoyo.
Ndiye mutauriri weSEIU 1021 uye anotaura nechiremera sezvo mubatanidzwa wake wekuchamhembe kweCalifornia we54,000 wakasimba waiva mutsigiri mukuru weBay Area yakazara yezviito musi waNovember 10.
Preston akati zvinoreva kuti masangano ese anofanirwa kupinda mu "kusimudza muhoro wepasi kusvika pamadhora gumi nemashanu nekuti tave zvakare nenyaya yakakosha kumamiriyoni evashandi vekuAmerica."
Akataura nezvehuwandu hwe2015 hunoratidza inopfuura hafu yevakadzi nevanhu vane ruvara vanokodzera mune iyi pasi pemadhora gumi nemashanu paawa yakaderera-muhoro sekuita, zvinoshamisa, 15% yevashandi vese vekuUS.
Hurombo hwenyika hunosiririsa hunoreva kuti vangangoita zvikamu makumi mashanu kubva muzana zvevashandi muguta guru reLos Angeles uye vashandi vangangosvika zviuru zana muguta diki reSan Francisco vanotambira mari iri pasi pemadhora gumi nemashanu paawa.
Nhamba idzi zvechokwadi chiratidzo chinokatyamadza chekudonha kwemari yenyika yedu uye ndosaka "Kurwira madhora gumi nemashanu kuri kutekenyedza zvakanyanya pakati pehuwandu," sekutsanangura kwakaita Tim Paulson, munyori mukuru weSan Francisco Labor Council.
Paulson akawedzera izwi rake rine mukurumbira kune mamwe masangano akabvunzurudzwa achidana kuti vashandi vakarongeka vave "mutungamiri anotungamira muhondo iyi yenyika."
Ndinovimba, muratidziri pesvedzero yevanotungamira mubatanidzwa ichaita mhedzisiro. Asi hazvizovi nyore. Iyo plodding AFL-CIO yaratidza kusashinga kana kushinga mune chero pfungwa kubva panguva yekuora mwoyo.
Semuyenzaniso, pasi pehutungamiriri hwaGeorge Meany hwakachengetedza muna 1968, Federation yakaramba zvinonyadzisa kutsigira chirongwa cheNational Poor Peoples' Campaign (PPC) chaitungamirwa naDr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Iyo PPC yemarudzi mazhinji yakamisa musasa we "tende reguta" pamberi peWhite House kuratidza hurombo hwakanyura mumaguta uye, nemumitsetse yemavara, muAppalachia nekumaodzanyemba.
Isu tinoona kuti simba remubatanidzwa uye simba zvakadzika sei kubva ipapo. Asi, hazvingofanire kunge zvakadaro. Inyaya yepolicy nehutungamiriri.
Pasina mubvunzo, nhoroondo inotumira shoko rakajeka uye rokukurumidzira. Ingave iyo yenyika AFL-CIO inowedzera iyo "Kurwira $ 15" kunze ne "Big Bang" kuputika kwesimba kana, inowira mukati, ichienderera mberi ichienda kune yayo "Black Hole."
Carl Finamore ndiye Machinist Lodge 1781 nhume, SF Labor Council, AFL-CIO. Anogona kusvikwa pa [email inodzivirirwa]
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