Kusurukirwa Kwemumhanyi Wekureba raive firimu reBritish rehudiki hwangu. Zita rakadaro harina musoro nhasi apo mamiriyoni nemamiriyoni evanhu, kusanganisira vatungamiri vedu vaviri vekupedzisira, vanomhanya kwese. Asi chinotsiva chine musoro chingangova: โKusurukirwa Kwevanhu Kureba Kwevanhu.โ Kunyangwe tikakwanisa kukwenya neimwe nzira pasi pano, inogona kuratidza inzvimbo yakasurukirwa. Kuwedzera ruzha kwatinogara kwatinogara, ndiko kuwedzera kwatinoita pamberi pemifananidzo yemarudzi emarudzi ese (ingotarisa Discovery Channel), iyo nyika yedu inova isina maturo.
Hezvino sei, magazini yeBritish New Scientist anoisa mu a Biodiversity Update (yakashanyirwa 12/7):
โFungiro yakanakisisa yenyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu ndeyokuti marudzi ari kutsakatika nguva iri pakati pe100 ne1000 nokukurumidza sezvaaiita Homo sapiens isati yasvika. Asi maitiro edu akasiyana nekutsakatika kukuru kwekare. Vakaparadza mapoka akazara emhuka, kunyanya madhinosaurs, nepo vanhu vachinonga mhuka dzakasiyana. Kare, kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu kwakavapo sezvo zvipenyu zvakapararira munzvimbo itsva dzezvipenyu, asi vanhu vari kutsvaira nzvimbo pamwe chete nezvisikwa. Mhuka dzesango dzichava nenguva yakaoma kuvandudza.
โVanokunda mushure mekutsakatika kukuru kwakapedza madhinosaurs vave kuda kuva vakundiki. Imwe mumhando ina dzemhuka dzinoyamwisa uye imwe chete pamhando sere dzeshiri dzinotarisana nenjodzi huru yekutsakatika munguva pfupi iri kutevera: huwandu hwemarudzi ega ega hunotarisirwa kudonha nechinenge chikamu chimwe muzvishanu mumakore gumi anotevera. Vanenge vese vari mungozi nezviitwa zvevanhuรขโฌยฆโ
Chinhu chinotyisa pano hachisi chokuti hupenyu hahugoni kuzvimisazve, asi nguva inenge isinganzwisisiki-inoda kuita kudaro. New Scientist inopa fungidziro yemamiriyoni gumi emakore kuti pasi "rigadzirise" "boo" razvino rinoitwa mukusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu. Ndinoda kushandisa muenzaniso wemhembwe inonzi pronghorn, โchipoko chemusango,โ kutsanangura izvi. Chisikwa chinomhanya, chinokwanisa kumhanya kusvika mamaira makumi matanhatu paawa, pamwe mamaira makumi matatu paawa nekukurumidza kupfuura chero chikara chiri munharaunda yacho. Iyo imwe mileage ingaite seyakajairika kunze kwekunge iwe wanzwisisa kuti, pamberi pemammalian megafaunal hombe kufa-kunze kwenhoroondo yevanhu, makore 10 kusvika ku13,000 apfuura, paive nezvisikwa (zvichida shumba kana mapere anopenga) aikwanisa kusimba pane chimwe chinhu chiri pedyo neicho. speeds. Saka zviuru zvese zvemakore, kupfuura kusanganisa nhoroondo yedu kubva pamazuva ekutanga eUri kusvika kuzviitiko zvichangoburwa muIraq, runyanga rwaive neshamwari yechipoko. Yakawanda nguva, maererano nevanhu, uye haisati "inyoresa" kurasikirwa; nguva yakawanda uye iyo niche munharaunda yedu inoramba isina chinhu.
Kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu chiitiko chepasi rose, asi mumusha medu mune ruzha, hutongi hweBush hwakatanga hondo pamusoro pezvisikwa, "kuvhunduka uye kutya" mushandirapamwe wehukasha. Pave paine gakava rakawanda nezve uye kukurukurwa kwedzidziso yeBush ye "preemptive" (chaizvo "yekudzivirira") hondo nekuti manejimendi akadada negwaro rehurongwa hwepasi rose richizvizivisa chikamu cheBush Doctrine nyowani munyika. Asi mhomho imwe cheteyo iri kupinda mune inogona kunzi ihondo yekudzivirira kurwisana nemhoteredzo (izvo zvinoita, sokudziya kwepasi kungaratidza nerimwe zuva, kukwanisa kudzorera nezvombo zvinoparadza) uye izvi hazvina kutaurwa munyika yedu. . PaTV, maererano naRobert Kennedy, Jr. (ona pasi apa), chete 4% yeTV network network news minutes yakatsaurirwa nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza munguva iyi. (Zvamazvirokwazvo, ari kusiya imwe โnyaya yezvakatipoteredzaโ inowana kutariswa kukuru, chero dutu rekare, rakasiyana, sezviri kuMaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva.)
Rega nditange ndapa zvidimbu zviviri zvinokurudzira pamusoro pekurasikirwa kwezvimwe zvipenyu, zvese kubva kuBritish muchengeti, zvose zvakatarisa pamhuka dze "charismatic", izvo zvatingave tine tsitsi (kusiyana netumbuyu, nyoka, hove duku, invertebrates, uye hupenyu hwemiti yakawanda). Yokutanga inobata "katsi huru iri mungozi munyika" (uye murume anoda kuiponesa). Iberian lynx imhuka yausingafungire kuti wakambonzwa nezvayo, isingawanzo onekwa nyama yemhuka yakanyatso kujairana nenzvimbo yemapurazi madiki echiPutukezi, emafuro ari pakati penzvimbo dzine masango. Sekurasikirwa kwemarudzi mazhinji, kushandiswa kwevhu kwevanhu kwakasiya lynx iri mungozi. Mhoteredzo yaro mumakore achangopfuura yakatemwa nemigwagwa mikuru ndokutorwa neminda yeeucalyptus inokura (iyo inobudisa matanda emiti kuti agadzire mapepa). Nekuda kweizvozvo, iri kurasikirwa nekugona kwemarudzi (Natasha Walters, "Katsi inofamba yoga," 11/15):
"[T] iyo nzvimbo iyo lynx inogona kugara iri kupatsanurwa, kutemwa uye kutemwa zvakare, kuita diki diki. Munzvimbo mbiri chete mune vanhu vari kuberekana - iyo Doรยฑana National Park pamhenderekedzo yekumaodzanyemba kweSpain uye makomo eSierra Morena muAndalusia - uye ese ari maviri maghettoes, akakomberedzwa nemigwagwa, maguta nemapurazi emazuva ano, pasina mukana lynx ichiyambuka kubva kune imwe ichienda kune imwe.
โKutsemuka uku kunoita semugumisiro usingadzivisiki wenzira iyo nyika dzakabudirira dzinoshandisa nayo ivhu radzo. Idzo minda yeeucalyptus munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzePortugal dzinogara dzichirima mapepa emahofisi eBritish, nepo nzvimbo dzakaderera dzichifukidzwa nemapurazi makuru, mazhinji acho akazara nematanho epurasitiki anopenya umo mastrawberry anorimwa kuti atengeswe kunze kwemwaka muzvitoro zvikuru zveBritish. Pepa remadhinda edu uye mastrawberries ekudya kwemasikati - zvakatinakira, asi njodzi kune lynx. "
Zvichakadaro, hama dzedu dzepedyo dziri kutyisidzira kubva pasi rino (Tim Radford, "Kuverengera kusvika pakupera kwematsoko makuru enyika," 11/26):
"Magorira, zvimpanzi, bonobos uye orang-utansรขโฌยฆ zvinogona kutsakatika musango mukati memakore makumi mashanu, vanodaro vatungamiri veUnited Nations vari kusangana nhasi muParis. Vakumbira mari inosvika mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemashanu emadhora kuchengetedza matsoko makuru epasi rose kubva mukutsakatika.
โโWachi inomira paminiti imwe kusvika pakati pousiku nokuda kwematsoko makuru, mhuka dzinogoverana zvinopfuura 96% yeDNA yadzo nevanhu,โ akadaro Klaus Tรยถpfer, mukuru wepurogiramu yemhoteredzo yeUN. 'Kana tikarasikirwa nechero rudzi rwetsoko tinenge tichiparadza zambuko kune kwatakabva, uye naro chikamu chevanhu vedu.' Akadaidza iyo $25m (ยฃ15m) 'iyo shoma yatinoda, yakaenzana nekupa rubatsiro. munhu ari kufa nechingwa nemvura'รขโฌยฆ [B]y gore rapfuura, vaongorori pasi vakanga vatanga kuburitsa nzira inototyisa yekurasikirwa. Vakawana kuti nhamba dzetsoko muAfrica dzakanga dzaderedzwa nokutema miti, kuvhima uye hosha.โ
Mienzaniso miviri ine mwero iyo inogona kuwanzwa kakawanda pasi rose uye munharaunda. Zvichakadaro, kumashure muU.SA, hutongi hweBush hwakapindura kune mukana wekutsakatika kwe "cascade" nenzira yayo isingaenzaniswi. Maererano naJulie Cart we Los Angeles Times (โSpecies Protection Act โBrokenโ,โ 11/14):
"Mumwe mukuru weU.S. Interior Department" akati neChina kuti zvido zvehuwandu hwevanhu vari kuwedzera, zvido zvekurima uye budiriro iri kuwedzera kuMadokero zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvakaenzana nezvidyarwa nemhuka zviri mungozi." Mutevedzeri weMunyori wezvemukati Craig Manson akashoropodza zvakakosha. -kupihwa kwekugara kwe[Endangered Species Act], iyo inoganhurira kusimukira munzvimbo dzinofarirwa nemhuka dziri munjodzi, ichiti mazita akadaro haana basa kuti miti nemhuka dzakawanda dzirambe dzichienderera mberiรขโฌยฆ.
โVaBush manejimendi vakaisa zvidyarwa nemhuka zvishoma pamhando yemhuka dziri mungozi kupfuura chero ipi zvayo munhoroondo yemakore makumi matatu. Bush yakanyora mhando makumi maviri kubva pakutora chigaro. Mutungamiri Clinton vakanyora 30 mumakore avo matatu ekutanga muhofisi. Vanochengetedza vanocherechedza kuti hapana chimwe chezvinyorwa zvakaitwa panguva yeBush zvakaitwa nokuzvidira neFish and Wildlife Service. Zvose zvakauya nekuda kwemhosva kana zvichemo kubva kumapoka evanhu. "
Manson, akafanana neBush manejimendi ezvemamiriro ekunze, ari kurwara nekuona Mutemo (kana pasi) uchishandiswa se, mumashoko ake, "hospice" yezvipenyu zvinotyisidzirwa kana kutsakatika. Sekutaura kwaaimbova mukuru weEPA, Bruce Babbitt, manejimendi aya angangoda kuona Mutemo "uchikundikana."
Sezvazvinoitika, Manson anga achishanda nesimba nguva pfupi yadarika. Achangobva kuburitsa kuburitswa kwechishumo chesainzi nezvekuyerera kweRwizi rweMissouri rwakanangana nekudzivirira kutsakatika kwerwizi rwuri mungozi yesturgeon, tern uye plover vanhu. Amanda Griscom, aka "Muckraker," anonyorera magazini yezvakatipoteredza inogara ichiita Grist, anoti izvi zvakakonzerwa na Missouri Senator Kit Bond, "mutsigiri akasimba weindasitiri yezvikepe," anotenda kuti chero kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza murwizi "kuchakanganisa hupfumi hwenyika yake." Anocherekedza - chinhu chakakosha chekutonga chinofamba kwese kwese - kuti Missouri "inyika inotenderera ine mavhoti esarudzo kupfuura chero ipi zvayo munzira yerwizi."
Zvichida chinonyanya kukosha chezvakatipoteredza pane zvese izvi kurasikirwa kwekugara - chimwe chinhu icho maBush ezvakatipoteredza anoita seanoshuvira kuita nyanzvi. Parizvino, kupa muenzaniso mudiki mumwe chete, vavariro yavo iri kuratidza kuti matoro nemachakwi ndizvo zvinogadzira kusvibisa. Sezvo Griscom inoshuma muchikamu chimwe chete, Bruce Boler, musayendisiti weEPA muFlorida, achangobva kusiya chigaro mukuratidzira apo EPA (Vakandipofumadza nePseudo Science),
โvakatambira ongororo inogumisa kuti ivhu rinogona kuburitsa tsvina yakawanda kupfuura yavanosefa. "Kudzokororwa kuri pachena kwezvakawanikwa zvesainzi kuti matoro anochenesa mvura," Boler akaudza Muckraker. โMadova anowanzonzi itsvo dzechisikigo. Masayendisiti mazhinji anozviremekedza achakuudza izvozvo, uye zvakadaro vagadziri [vakazvimirira] nevakuru vakuru [paCorps] vaida kuti nditsigire nzvimbo yavo yokuti ivhu, chaizvoizvo, manyuko etsvina.โ
"Sei? Kuitira kuti vagadziri veFlorida vazadze munzvimbo dzine mvura kuti vagadzire makosi egorofu (anoshandisa fetereza yakakwana nemishonga yezvipembenene kuti zviite pakati penzira dzinosvibisa zvakanyanya dzebudiriro). Mutongo wesainzi weBoler wekuti matoro anga asiri maturusi etsvina asi mafirita ekusvibisa - mutongo wakavakirwa pamakore makumi maviri nemashanu ekutsvagisa - angadai asina kumisa hombe-bhajeti makosi egorofu nemamwe mapurojekiti kuenda kumberi, asi zvingadai zvakamanikidza vanogadzira kuti vachenese kusvibiswa kwese. kugadzirwa nemapurojekiti avo. Kusiyana neizvi, kuwana kuti nzvimbo dzematoro ndizvo zvinosvibisa zvinoderedza mutoro wekuchenesa (uye mutengo) kune vanogadzira. "
(Madhaka akapatsanurwa nemachakwi anogona, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu akaganhurirwa โkubudisa zvitsama zvishoma zvenitrogen nephosphate,โ asi hapana chakafanana neichazvitsiva.)
Izvi, zvino, ndizvo zviviri zvakakosha zveBush administration yezvemamiriro ekunze mutemo - - chero chinhu chevatsigiri vemakambani uye chero chinhu cha2004. Kana iri nyaya yekurasika kwenzvimbo, New Scientist chinyorwa chinoisa nyaya seizvi:
โPfungwa yorudo yeโrenjeโ iri kukurumidza kupera. Lee Hannah kuConservation International muWashington DC vakaona kuti kuita kwevanhu kwabvisa nzvimbo yakasikwa pamusoro pezvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvenzvimbo inogarwa yepasi. Yakawanda yenyika isina kuvhiringidzwa anongova matombo, aizi nejecha rinovhuvhuta, zvinotodziviswa nemhuka dzomusango.โ
Chinhu chimwe chete chakanakisa chekunyora chandinoziva pane iyi musoro ibhuku raDavid Quammen rekuhwina mubairo, Rwiyo rwaVaDodo. Zvitsuwa, mumasikirwo ezvinhu, nzvimbo dzinopisa dzekutsakatika. Quammen anoshandisa yakawanda yebhuku rake achitsanangura kuti takazviwana sei uye nei zvichifanira kudaro. Anobva asvetuka kubva kuzvitsuwa achienda kunyika huru uye anoratidza kuti kushandiswa kwenyika kwevanhu kwakacheka sei makondinendi edu kuita nhevedzano yezvitsuwa zverenje zviri kuramba zviri kure, zvichisiya mhuka dziri panyika dzakavhurika kune zvitsuwa-maitiro ekutsakatika. Chii chaungataure nezvemunyori akaita biogeography yezvitsuwa kuita chaiyo peji peji (kwandiri kanenge)?
Pakunyanyisa kwepasirese - uko kune kupisa nechando - nhau dzinotyisa, kunyanya kupihwa mishumo ichangoburwa yekuti Russia haifanire kusaina chibvumirano cheKyoto mamiriro ekunze, izvo zvingaite kuti chibvumirano chive tsamba yakafa. Mishumo yekunyunguduka kweArctic neAntarctic ice caps inongowanda. Ona, semuenzaniso, David Fickling's 11/15 muchengeti chidimbu, โKupera kweaizi mugungwa reAntarctic โkunofumura kudziya kwepasiโโ (โMasayendisiti anoona Antarctica semupimo wemamiriro ekunze, ine zviratidzo zvakawanda zvinoratidza kudziya kwepasi. Tembiricha yakakwira ne3C mumakore 50 apfuura. , uye masherufu echando eAntarctic aderera zvinoshamisa.โ)
Kana kuti tarisa Geoffrey Lean, iye sununguka'mupepeti wezvakatipoteredza, achipeta chirevo chitsva chehurumende yeGermany ("Kunyungudusa ice 'kuchaputisa misoro'," 12/7):
"Nhanho dzekurwisa kudziya kwepasi dzinofanirwa kunge dzakasimba zvakapetwa kana kupfuura Kyoto Protocol kana vachizodzivirira kunyungudika kwechando chechando, kunyura pakati peLondon uye mazhinji emaguta makuru epasi, inopedzisa mushumo mutsva wepamutemo." Chirevo ichi, chakanyorwa nemapurofesa masere anotungamira eGerman, chinoti 'kuchinja kune njodzi kwemamiriro ekunze' kuchave 'kunyanya kuitika' kana avhareji yetembiricha yepasi rose ikabvumidzwa kuwedzera kupfuura 2 madhigirii centigrade kupfuura zvayaive isati yatanga Revolution Revolution.
โKupfuura mwero iwoyo chando cheWest Antarctic uye chando cheGreenland zvaizotanga kunyunguduka zvishoma nezvishoma, zvichizopedzisira zvakwidza mwero wegungwa pasi rose nemamita anosvika makumi matatu, zvichinyudza nzvimbo huru dzenyika nemaguta makuru pasi rose. London, New York, Miami, Bombay, Calcutta, Sydney, Shanghai, Lagos neTokyo vangave vari pakati peavo vakanyudzwa zvakanyanya nekusimuka kwakadaro.
โPamusoro pechiratidzo ichi zvakare, dzimwe shanduko โdzinoparadzaโ uye โdzisingadzorekiโ dzinogona kuitika. Izvi zvinosanganisira kumiswa kwemonsoon yeIndia uye kupera kweGulf Streamรขโฌยฆโ
Zvichakadaro, mumasango anonaya mvura anogara achinaya mvura, moyo wekusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu panyika, kuparadzwa kwemasango kuri kuitika nekukurumidza kusingatarisirwi (โKuparadzwa kwemasango eAmazon ari kukurumidza, " New Scientist):
"Data ichangobva kuburitswa yekufungidzira setiraiti yakaratidza kusvetuka kwe40 muzana mukutema miti mumasango anonaya mvura eBrazil eAmazon. Kusvetuka kukuru ndiko kukurumidza kwakaipisisa mukurasikirwa kwesango rinopisa kubvira 1995 uye kwakapesana zvakanyanya nedanho rekuchengetedza nzvimbo huru yepasi rose yesango rinogara richinaya. Sango racho rine zvinhu zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye rinoita basa rinokosha mumamiriro ekunze enyika.โ
Izvi hazvisi zvishoma nezvemasango anonaya mvura munzvimbo dzakaita seBorneo. Zvichakadaro, kuti tidzokere kune yedu chikamu chepuzzle, iyo Bush manejimendi, iyo isati yamboona chibvumirano chepasi rose kana chibvumirano chaisada kuisa skids uye kutumira kumucheto kwepasi, yakaedza kwakasimba kusiya imwe. yebudiriro yezvakatipoteredza yemakore achangopfuura, kuedza kuregedza makemikari anodya ozone uye nokudaro kuvhara gomba reozone mumhepo. Sezvo Kathryn Schultz, Grist's maneja mupepeti, anonyora ("Iyo Loophole muOzone Layer"):
โZvakanaka, sic transit gloria mundi. Svondo rapfuura, pamusangano wakaitwa pamuzinda weUnited Nations Environment Programme muNairobi, Kenya, United States yakada kuti irege pamutemo weMontreal Protocol wokumisa kushandiswa kwemethyl bromide panosvika 2005. Methyl bromide mushonga une chepfu huru uyo inoparadza ozone panguva ye45 chiyero cheklorini, iyo inonyatsozivikanwa yakaipa mukomana mumutambo we ozone-hole. (Chlorine ndiyo chinhu chinonyengera chiri muchlorofluorocarbons, kana kuti CFCs.) Maererano negwaro racho, rakatanga kushanda muna 1987 uye richidada nevasina kusaina vanopfuura 160, nyika dzakabudirira dzinofanira kuderedza kushandisa methyl bromide yadzo ne70 muzana kana ichienzaniswa nemwero wa1991 pakasvika gore rino ndokuibvisa. kunze zvachose muna 2005. Pasi pehutongi hwakapfuura, US yakateedzera chikamu chekutanga chezvaidiwa - asi muNairobi, pane kuenda kiromita yekupedzisira, hutungamiriri hwaBush hwakakumbira mvumo wedzera US kushandisa methyl bromide kusvika 38.2 muzana ye1991 mazinga muna 2005 uye 37 muzana muna 2006.
"Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti European Union nenyika dzichiri kusimukira havangazvimirire. Nhau dzakaipa ndedzekuti handisi kuwana humbowo humbowo hwekuti hutongi hweBush hunopa dambarefu rinomiririrwa nepasireseโ
Kupamba Nyika
Zvakanaka, zvakaoma kuti chero ani wedu anzwisise nguva yemarudzi kwete nguva yevanhu. Mushure mezvose, kana pronghorn's 13,000-plus predator-short makore ari kungopenya kwekushanduka-shanduka, anoenderana nenhoroondo yese yevanhu uye huwandu hunonzwisisika hwe prehistory yedu zvakare. Ichokwadi kunyangwe zvingave kuti isu hatina waya kuronga mukuwedzera-makore zviuru gumi, zvirinani isu tagara tichigona kufunga uye kuronga vazukuru vedu. Saka sei vatungamiriri vedu vanonyanyisa vakagadzirira kushandisa nyika - chaizvo kuipamba - muhupenyu hwavo?
Ko zvimwe zveizvi mhedzisiro yeChikristu chechokwadi nepfungwa yacho yeapocalyptic yeramangwana rine mukurumbira, nguva yekupedzisira yave pedyo nesu? Handizive. Chero itsanangudzo, ndinoiona ichirovesa hana. Chiono chavo chete ndechekutonga - kwepasi kwechiuto uye nehupfumi, uye kwechisikigo icho chinofanira kudyiwa chiri mupenyu. Ndakaona rimwe zuva kuti George naDick vari kufunga nezvekutidzosera kumwedzi (kwataizogadzira hwaro uye-zvakasikwa - kuyedza zvombo) uyezve kuMars - ndege dzisiri dzekuwanikwa, pasina mubvunzo, asi dzekukunda. Urongwa hwakadai huchanyatsoenderana nepfungwa yangu yekuti mhashu dzedu dziri kuita sekunge dzinogona kupamba Nyika dzobva dzaenda pamudyandigere neshamwari dzavo, vatsigiri vemakambani, uye vana kuenda kupasi riri pedyo kuti vafarire zvakapambwa.
Kuti urege kufunga kuti ndiri kuwedzeredza, ndinosanganisira pazasi nhoroondo imwechete yakaipisisa yandakaona yekurwiswa kweBush panharaunda - "Mhosva Dzinopesana Nezvakasikwa" naRobert F. Kennedy, Jr., anomhan'ara vanosvibisa kuNational Resources Defense. Dare (www.nrdc.org) Zvaionekwa pane zvinogara zvichinakidza www.alternet.org website. Kunyangwe zvakareba uye zvichirwadza kuverenga, neimwe nzira haina kureba zvakakwana, zvichipihwa zviri kuitika, uye kwete zvekupotsa.
Kennedy anopenda mufananidzo wehuwori hwakanyanya - kunyangwe iro riri iro izwi risiri iro. Izvi zvinopfuura uori; ndiyo yekupedzisira fomu yefox-in-the-henhouse-ism inodarika, ndinotenda, kunyangwe zvakaitika muAmerica's Gilded Age. Kennedy anotipa nhoroondo yenguva yeReagan, apo chido ichi chekupamba chakatanga chakasimudza musoro, uye chinotora chaizvo pazuva rekugadza.
"Kurwiswa kwakatanga paZuva Rekugadzwa, apo mukuru wevashandi veMutungamiri Bush uye aimbove mumiriri weGeneral Motors Andrew Card chinyararire vakatanga kumisa mitemo yese ichangobva kutambirwa. Kubva ipapo, White House yakanyora mubatanidzwa wese unoona nezvezvirongwa zvezvakatipoteredza mukuyedza kudzikamisa mitemo yakanangana neoiri, marasha, kutema miti, migodhi nemaindasitiri emakemikari pamwe nevagadziri vemotokari, vanogadzira zvivakwa, bhizinesi rezvekurima nemamwe maindasitiri.
"Bush's Environmental Protection Agency yakamisa basa pamakumi matanhatu nemaviri ezvemamiriro ekunze, bazi rezvekurima rakamisa basa pamakumi mashanu nenomwe zviyero, uye Occupational Safety and Health Administration yakamisa mazinga matsva makumi maviri nerimwe. EPA yakapedza mitemo mikuru miviri chete - iri pasi pedare uye yose yakadiridzwa pachikumbiro cheindasitiri - zvichienzaniswa nemakumi maviri nemitatu yakapedzwa nehutongi hwaClinton uye gumi nemana nehutungamiriri hweBush Sr mumakore avo maviri ekutanga."
Hutungamiri hwave kushandura chinzvimbo chese chine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze kune mumwe munhu ane chekuita neindasitiri inobvisa kana inoparadza kana kufarira kwekambani yekukurudzira; mumwe munhu, kureva, ane chinangwa chekuita mukati kana kure nechero rudzi rwekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, mutemo kana mutemo. Urwu ndirwo rudzi rwekupamba rwatakaona muIraq - zasi kusvika kune waya yemhangura mumadziro - asi pamwero wakanyanya kuoma.
Ini ndinoda kusimbisa zvakare kuenderana uko iyo Bush manejimendi ine vashandi vapambi mubhodhi rose. Mamiriro ebasa akasiyana zvishoma, semuenzaniso, muIraq yakagarwa kupfuura paEPA kana Dhipatimendi Remukati. Joshua Marshall, Laura Rozen naColin Soloway vachangobva kunyora a "ndiani" muBaghdad nokuti Washington Monthly (12/03) inoverenga sekuwedzera kwechidimbu cheKennedy. Vanoti muchidimbu:
"[Munzvimbo yenyanzvi dzine ruzivo,] vagadziri vehondo vakasarudza makadhi-akatakura maRepublicans-operatives, flacks, policy-wonks uye lobbyists-kunenge kwese kwakakosha basa munyika. Mimwe mienzaniso yemarquee inosanganisira mutungamiri wehurumende weUnited States, Paul Bremer, chipangamazano mukuru uye mubatsiri kuCapitol Hill, Tom Korologos, mumwe wevane simba zvikuru veGOP lobbyists paCapitol Hill. Ipapo kune murume anoona nezvekubikisa Iraq's mazana maviri-asinganzwisisike makambani ehurumende, Tom Foley, venture capitalist uye anobhururuka GOP fundraiser. Foley aive mumwe wevapi vepamusoro-gumi vanopa basa raBob Dole, sachigaro wezvemari weConnecticut weBush 200 uye waaidzidza naye wepurezidhendi kubva kuHarvard Business School.
โChipangamazano mukuru kubazi rezvekurima ndiDan Amstutz, murwi weReagan uyo akashanda semutungamiri weNorth American Export Grain Association kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika. Mutungamiriri wePolisi weOxfam Kevin Watkins nguva pfupi yadarika akataura kuti nerekodhi yake yekuvhura hupfumi huri kusimukira kune zvinotengeswa zvekurima zvekuAmerica zvakachipa, โkuisa Dan Amstutz kutungamira kuvakazve kurima muIraq kwakafanana nekuisa Saddam Hussein pachigaro chekomisheni yekodzero dzevanhu.
Iyo fomula iri nyore chaizvo: Dyisa masangano akabatana (iyo chaiyo "mubatanidzwa" muhondo dziri kumba nekune dzimwe nyika), hirai maflacks uye vatsigiri, gadzirirai sarudzo, pamba nyika izvozvi. Ndiani ane hanya nezvinoitika zuva rinotevera mangwana? Izvi, zvechokwadi, rudzi rwehugandanga.
Lucian K. Truscott IV muchidimbu chakangozara kuzadza New York Times op-ed peji nhasi yataura zvinotevera kubva kumberi kwekugarwa kweIraq ("Miriyoni Miles Kubva kuGreen Zone kuenda kuFront Lines," 12/7):
"Mumwe Colonel muBaghdad (uyo achaenda asina zita pano nezvikonzero zviri pachena) akandiudza ndichangosvika kuti vakuru vemauto vanonzwa kuti kurongeka kwese kwavanogashira kunounzwa nesarudzo yaNovember unotevera, saka hapana kukahadzika pamusoro uye pedyo pamusoro. ndiani arikunyatso shandiswa pane chii apa. Kutsamwa kuri pakati pehutungamiriri hweveruzhinji muBaghdad uye kumashure muWashington kunonzwika. Mumwe mukuru mukuru akarondedzera misasa miviri, yemauto neyevanhuwo zvavo, inogara mumuzinda wapurezidhendi wakasimbiswa zvikuru, une mashizha endarama mukati meinonzi Green Zone muBaghdad, soโvaroorani vakarambana vasingazobva pamba.โโ
Uye Paul Krugman akataura pfungwa yakafanana Dec. 5 muchikamu chine musoro wakakodzera unoti, โKupamba Ramangwana,โ inogumisa kuti: โZvose zvatinoziva zvinoratidza kuti vanhu vaBush vakafunga zvishoma nezvokutungamirira America mushure mesarudzo sezvavakapa kuna VaBush. kumhanya Iraq mushure mekudonha kweBaghdad. Uye havazoziva zvekuita kana zvinhu zvaparara. โ
Kudzorerwa kwepuraneti
Uye zvakadaro, pamusoro pehukuru hwenjodzi, regai ndiise diki diki retariro. Ndinogara muNew York City. Inzvimbo iri kudzokororwa neshiri nemhuka. Zvivharo zvipfumbamwe chete kubva mufurati yangu muRiverside Park, nzvimbo yakatetepa yepaki padyo neRwizi rweHudson yakavakwa pamusoro penjanji yechitima, huturu hwechikadzi huri kurira, yechipiri gore rino kuonekwa muguta, uye yakanyorwa nezvayo muguta rangu. bepa. (Kuti akasvika sei hatizivi. She is that rarest of zvisikwa, kuramba the Times bvunzurudzo.) MuCentral Park, chishamiso ichocho chegirinhi pakati perenje rangu remudhorobha, pazuva rakanaka rechirimo unogona kuona zvakare Great Blue Herons, Black Crown Night Herons, Green Herons uye marudzi ese egrets machena, pasina mubvunzo nekuti iyo Hudson iri padyo yakacheneswa uye iyo fishin 'yakanaka (kana zvirinani zvirinani).
Joseph Berger we Times munguva pfupi yapfuura akanyora (โSaka, Wanga Wakatarisira Njiva,โ 12/4):
"Nzvimbo iyi yaive mukati mebedlam yemudhorobha, yakakomberedzwa nekukuvadzwa kwemigwagwa yeTriborough Bridge, zviputi zveCon Edison, hondo dzinotyisa dzeRikers Island, kurira kwejeti dzeLa Guardia uye mapombi matatu ekuchenesa tsvina. Zvakadaro pamhenderekedzo yegungwa paSouth Brother Island muEast River, vachitaridzika sevazivi vekare vari kubvunza mubvunzo wakavhiringika, vaive shamhu shanu huru dzeblueรขโฌยฆ. [F] kana makore mazhinji ikozvino, mashavi - pamwe nemaegrets, mhashu nedzimwe shiri dzinobhururuka - dzanga dzichigara kana kugara paSouth Brother Island uye zvimwe zvitsuwa 13 zvisina vanhu zvinotungamirirwa neNew York City's Parks Department kana National Park Service nerubatsiro kubva. iyo New York City Audubon Society.
โZvitsuwa zvinoverengeka hazvisi nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka, chinhambwe chinhambwe kubva kuGracie Mansion [kunogara meya]รขโฌยฆ Asi chokwadi chekuti kune shiri dzinobhururuka dziri kubhururuka pedyo nenzvimbo idzi chiyero chinonzwisa tsitsi cheutano hwakadzorerwa hwenzira dzemvura dzeguta racho uyezve. pamatope emunyu panodyira shiriรขโฌยฆโ
Muchikamu, izvi zvinokonzeresa, Berger anotiudza, kuDhipatimendi rePaki iro, makumi maviri emakore apfuura, rakavamba "boka rezviwanikwa" kuti riwane nekudzoreredza parkland. Ikoku zvino kunoshandisa โ30 nyanzvi dzezvipenyu, nyanzvi dzemvura, vagadziri venzvimbo uye mainjiniya uye iri kushanda muzvirongwa zvinokosha mamiriyoni 90 emadhora.โ Zvisinei, haatauri nezvemapoka evagari vakamanikidza uye vakaronga kuchenesa nzizi.
Kumwe kunhu muguta rangu, peregrine falcons, kudzoserwa kwevanhu, njiva dzeziso kubva kune skyscraper aeries; makondo ane mhanza ari kudzokororwa nokuedza kumucheto kweguta; nehove dzine muswe mutsvuku, dzinosvika nemasimba adzo ega, dzinobhururuka pamusoro penzvimbo dzaka parkwa. Makore mashoma apfuura, coyote, iyo neimwe nzira yakayambuka zambuko - isu tiri chitsuwa mushure mezvose - yakazviita nzira yese kuenda kuCentral Park kwayakavharirwa. Uye rimwe zuva, chivharo kubva pamusuwo wangu shamwari yakaona murwi weraccoon kubva mugaba remarara ndokufamba-famba mumugwagwa, ichinanga kuBroadway. Chiyeuchidzo chekuti dzimwe nguva unogona kuenda kumba zvakare, izvo zvisikwa zvichadzoka mufashoni - kunze kwekunge, hongu, kune izvo zvisikwa uye zvinomera zvaenda zvachose.
Chimwe chezvishamiso zvidiki kuchamhembe kweguta rangu ndiyo yakasimwazve kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, yakasiiwa nevarimi vakawanda, vakanga vabvisa nyika yemasango ayo zvizvarwa zvekare. Uye mudunhu rimwe chete, mapurazi ezvisikwa, akatarisana nehukuru hwevanhu, kunzvimbo, ari kukura pamwe chete nemisika yakasvibira kuti vatengese zvirimwa zvavo, chiyeuchidzo chekuti iyo yese yakakundikana wave yemakumi matanhatu kumashure-ku-the-landism haina kungonyangarika. pasina tsvakiridzo.
Uye pachitsuwa chiri kure cheFiji, mhuka duku, โyakatsakatikaโ yakawanikwa. Iyi idiki "beacon yetariro" zvekuti ndinokwanisa, zvakakodzera, kukupa iyo nyaya izere, sezvakataurwa muBritish. muchengeti, mumashoko 122 chete (โโExtinctโ warbler inowanikwa muFiji,โ 11/29):
โShiri ine makumbo marefu, shiri yakakura sarobhi inofungidzirwa kuti yakatsakatika kubvira muna 1894, yakawanikwazve muFiji. Vaviri gumi nevaviri, vamwe vaine vadiki, vakatorwa mifananidzo nevaongorori vachiita ongororo yeshiri isingawanzoitiki. Trichocichla rufa, iyo yaimbozivikanwa kubva kuvanhu vana vakaunganidzwa pakati pe1890 ne1894, yakawanikwa muWabu, nzvimbo iri kure yesango paViti Levu, chitsuwa chikuru cheFiji. A subspecies, Trichocichla rufa clunie, yakawanikwa muna 1974 pakaonekwa shiri mbiri paVanua Levu, asi haisati yawanikwa zvakare.
โโKuwanwazve chiratidzo chisingawanzowanikwi chetariro apo kazhinji kazhinji shiri dziri kutsakatika munzvimbo dzadzo dzomusikirwo,โ akadaro Guy Dutson, weboka rokuchengetedza reBirdlife International. โIye zvino tinofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti shiri iyi haitsakatiki zvakare.โโ
Hongu, iyo yakasimwazve Maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva inogona kunge isingataridzi seyepakutanga, uye Hudson inogona kuramba yakachena, uye shiri dzeNew York dzinogona kunge dzisiri "McCoy chaiye," asi ipai zvisikwa mukana - uye ipai vezvemamiriro ekunze mukana - uye zvakawanda. kudzorerwa kunoramba kuchigoneka mukati mehupenyu hwedu uye hwevana vedu. Zvese izvi chiyeuchidzo chekuti, kunyangwe paine zvakawanda zvatisingakwanise kudzora, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvekuita.
Sezvandakanyorerwa nemuverengi nguva pfupi yadarika, vanhu vazhinji vekuAmerica vanogona kunge vachiri mukuramba zvakadzama nezvezvakatipoteredza zvenguva yedu, asi nekukurumidza kana kuti gare gare magariro ezvakatipoteredza anogona kupa chimiro chakanakisa chekuronga rimwe ramangwana. Kana kudziya kwepasi uye dzimwe njodzi dzemhoteredzo dzinorova, kukuvadza kwavo hakuzongori kune varombo kana kumaodzanyemba kwepasi. Wese munhu achabatwa neimwe fashoni. Mune izvi, zvitende kana kwete, kune tariro yezvematongerwo enyika uye mutungamiri wedu anopamba, zvishoma sezvaanoreva, anogona kunge ari kubatsira kuigadzira.
[Chinyorwa ichi chakatanga kubuda Tomdispatch.com, weblog yeNational Institute, inopa kuyerera kwakadzikama kwemamwe masosi, nhau, uye maonero kubva kuna Tom Engelhardt, mupepeti wenguva refu mukutsikisa uye munyori we Mugumo Wekukunda Muitiro uye Mazuva Ekupedzisira Ekudhinda.]
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