"Kune mutsara usingaputsiki wemhirizhonga yemapurisa muUnited States inotitora kusvika kumazuva euranda, mhedzisiro yeuranda, kuvandudzwa kweKu Klux Klan, "anodaro. Angela Davis. "Pane nhoroondo yakawanda yemhirizhonga yerusarura iyi zvekuti kungounza munhu mumwechete kutongwa hakuzokanganisa muzinda wese werusarura."
Ndakanga ndabvunza purofesa, mumiriri, mukadzi uye mutsigiri, mukadzi uyo Richard Nixon akadana gandanga uye uyo Ronald Reagan akaedza kupisa semuprofesa, kana akatsamwiswa ne kutadza kwedare guru kupomera mupurisa wechichena mhosva nekupfura kuuraya munhu mutema asina nhumbi, Michael Brown, muFerguson, Missouri kutanga kwegore rino. "Chinetso chekutevera nguva dzose mupari wemhosva mumatambudziko akawanda anosanganisira mhirizhonga yemapurisa," ane makore 70 ekuberekwa anopindura, "ndeyekuti munhu anovandudza vhiri nguva imwe neimwe uye hazvigoni kutanga kuderedza mhirizhonga yemapurisa yerusarura. Zvisingarevi kuti vakapara mhosva havafanirwe kuzvidavirira - vanofanirwa. "
Tiri kutaura kuFriends Meeting House muLondon pamberi pemusangano wekurangarira shamwari yake uye waaishanda naye Stuart Horo, mutema weBritish tsika zvidzidzo theorist uye sociologist, uyo akafa muna February. Yakanga iri Horo, anondiudza, sezvakaita murairidzi wake, muzivi wechiJudha weGermany Herbert Marcuse, uyo akamuita kuti afunge nezvenyaya dzezvimiro mukurwisana kupi nokupi kwezvematongerwe enyika.
Kwete kuti Davis haana hanya nekutsamwa pamusoro penyaya dzakananga dzemhirizhonga yemapurisa kuvarume vatema, ingave mhirizhonga muFerguson, kuratidzira kwepasi rose pamusoro perufu rwe. Eric Garner muchitokisi chemapurisa, kana Trayvon Martin. Davis anotarisa kune yekupedzisira kuti ataure pfungwa inokonzeresa nezve rusarura rwuri muAmerica yaObama. Muna 2012, anondiyeuchidza, Martin, mudzidzi mutema wechikoro chesekondari, akapfurwa akafa pane imwe gedhi muFlorida naGeorge Zimmerman, murongi wevarindi vemunharaunda. Zimmerman, uyo akazoregererwa kuuraya kwaMartin, anomuyeuchidza nezve "avo vaive chikamu chevatariri vevaranda panguva yevaranda".
Chokwadi hupenyu hwevaAfrica-America muna 2014 huri nani pane mumazuva euranda? Asi Davis haasiye ega mutema wekuAmerica ane njere angave ari mudiki pane sanguine. Muzvinafundo Cornel West nguva pfupi yadarika akataura kuti US ichine basa a "Jim Crow Criminal Justice system" iyo "haisi kururamisira kune vatema nevatema". Davis anobvumirana nazvo. "Une huwandu uhu hwevanhu vanouya kuzopesana nezvirambidzo zvakafanana zvakagadzirwa neJim Crow kumaodzanyemba," anodaro. Mitemo yerusarura yaivepo kusvika 1965 kumaodzanyemba kweAmerica, kwaakakurira, inogona kunge yakaenda asi, sekutaura kunoita Davis, hudzvanyiriri hwerusarura hunoramba huripo.
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chehudzvanyiriri hwerusaruraganda, Davis anoti, ndizvo zvaanodaidza nevamwe vazivi vekuruboshwe "jeri remaindasitiri", iyo tawdry kana tacit mubatanidzwa pakati pecapitalist nenyika ine rusaruraganda.
"Kusungwa kwakanyanya kwevanhu vane ruvara muUS kunotungamira mukushaikwa kwemaitiro edemocracy uye rusununguko. Nekuda kwekuti vasungwa havakwanise kuvhota, vaimbove vasungwa mumatunhu mazhinji havakwanise kuvhota, vanhu vanorambidzwa kuita mabasa kana vaine nhoroondo yekusungwa. "
Asi, kuti vanhu vekuBritain vasave nehanya, Davis anondiudza kuti, "huwandu hwevanhu vatema vari mujeri muBritain hukuru kupfuura huwandu hwevanhu vatema vari mujeri muUnited States".
Muuzivi hwaDavis, izvi hazvifanire kushamisa; Kwaari, iyo jeri indasitiri yakaoma haingori muchina wekuita mari wekuAmerica ane rusarura, asi nzira yekupara mhosva, kuita dhimoni uye kuwana pundutso kubva kune vanhu vasina simba pasirese. "Ndinofunga zvakakosha kuziva kuti ichi hachisi chiitiko cheUS chete, chiitiko chepasi rose. Kuwedzera kwekuchinja kwemari kubva kumabasa evanhu, kubva padzimba, mabasa, dzidzo, kuenda kunhandare dzine pundutso kwave kureva kuti kune nhamba huru dzevanhu kwese kwese pasi rose vasingakwanisi kuzviriritira. Ivo vanoitwa vakawandisa, uye somuuyo ivo vanowanzomanikidzirwa kuita miitiro inonzi itsotsi. Uye saka majeri anowanikwa pasi rese, kazhinji nerubatsiro rwemakambani akazvimirira anowana purofiti kubva kuhuwandu hwevanhu vakawandisa. ”
Kana rusaruraganda uye mhirizhonga yenyika yakanangana neveAfrica-America, vachibatsirwa uye vachitsigirwa nehupfumi hwenyika, zvatekeshera sekutaura kunoita Davis, haana kuodzwa mwoyo here nekutadza kwemutungamiri wenyika yeAmerica wekutanga kuAmerica kutaura kana nyaya yauya yekuti. anoita kunge ari kuedzesera zvaari kupomera? Davis anonyemwerera uye anoyeuka hurukuro yaakaita naHall mwedzi miviri asati afa. “Takataura nezvenyaya yekuti vanhu vanofarira kunongedza VaObama semunhu ega vovaita kuti ave nemhosva yekupenga kwakaitika. Hongu, pane zvinhu izvo VaObama semunhu angave vakaita zvirinani - vanogona kunge vakasimbirira kuvharwa kweGuantánamo - asi vanhu vakaisa tariro yavo maari vanga vachisvika kunyaya yeramangwana rezvematongerwo enyika nenzira isiri iyo yekutanga. Ichi chaive chimwe chinhu Stuart Hall aigara achisimbirira pazviri - inogara iri hurongwa hwekuchinja nyika. "
Haasi kurega Obama achisiya chirauro here? “Zvichida tinofanira kugara tichizvipa mhosva,” anodaro. "Nei tisina kugadzira rudzi rwekufamba rwunoisa zvakanyanya kuna Obama nekumanikidza hutungamiriri hwaObama kuti vagadzirise nyaya idzi? Tingadai tasvika pachirongwa chehutano chiri nani dai isu isu tinotenda kuti hutano ikodzero dzevanhu tainge tiri mumigwagwa, kusiyana neTea Party. "
Iyi imhando yeDavis - inopa ongororo yekuongorora iyo, panzvimbo yekupomera mumwe munhu, inoisa mutoro wekushandura nyika mumaoko edu. Kune zvese izvo Davis aive ekupedzisira 60s / ekutanga 70s akanyanya akanamatira kumurume, nekuti zvese izvo mweya wake wekusavimbika uye chimiro chebvudzi rakamuita musikana weposter weAfrican-Americans, feminists uye chero munhu ane pfungwa dzakanyanya, izvi zvimwe ndezvaDavis. kukosha kwakakosha ikozvino - mukadzi anouya panguva dzinopisa dzezvematongerwo enyika kubva kumakona asingatarisirwe uye anokurudzira. Semuenzaniso, zuva rekuti tisangane, pahurukuro yakakosha yakanzi Policing the Crisis Nhasi pa musangano wekukudza Hall kuGoldsmith's, akataura nezvemhirizhonga yerusarura, asi akananga nyaya ya Marissa Alexander, akatongerwa makore makumi maviri nemhosva yekupfura yambiro pamusoro pemurume wake waakarambana naye, asina kukuvadzwa, uyo akamurwisa nekutyisidzira kumuuraya.. "Ngatizvibvunzei kuti chii chiri kutyisidzira mumwe mukadzi wechitema kumaodzanyemba kweUnited States anoedza kuzvidzivirira pane anonzi mhirizhonga yemumba," akadaro Davis, achipedzisa kutaura kwake achiombera maoko.
Sei, ini ndinobvunza Davis, zuva rakatevera, wakatarisisa Nyaya yaAlexander? “Hatiwanzonzwa nezvevakadzi,” anopindura kudaro. "Nekuti ruzhinji rwevasungwa varume hazvireve kuti tinofanira kutanga neruzivo rwavo."
Davis ave nenguva yakareba achirwisa majeri, achiaona senzvimbo dzine hutsinye dzerusarura kubva uko, kwekupedzisira, mari hombe ichaitwa. Mushure mekutaura kwake, paanobvunzwa kuti sei mapurisa echichena anopfura varume vatema vasingafanirwe kuenda kujeri, Davis anomira achipikisa kuti jeri "rinongoburitsa dambudziko rarinogadzirisa". Kwete kuti ane chero mhinduro pamusoro pekuti imwe nzira yeiyi jeri maindasitiri complex ingave iri. "Handifunge kuti pane mhinduro yakafanorongwa, asi ndinoda kuti tifunge."
Mumwe munhu anobvunza Davis kana Beyoncé ari gandanga. Vateereri vanoseka, asi mubvunzo wakakomba. Panguva yenhaurirano pamusoro pekusunungura muviri wechikadzi wechitema kutanga kwegore rino, murwiri wezvemadzimai mabhero hoko akatsanangura Beyoncé segandanga uye anti-feminist uyo akanga "achibatana mukuzvivaka semuranda". Mumhinduro yakashata, Davis akataura kuti aifarira chokwadi chekuti Beyoncé akanga atora semuenzaniso wemunyori wemabhuku wekuNigeria Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie akataura nezve feminism paalbum rake.
Zuva rinotevera, ndinobvunza Davis zvakawanda nezvazvo. “Chero matambudziko andinawo naBeyoncé, ndinofunga kuti zvinorasisa uye hazvina basa kushandisa izwi iri maererano naye. Yakashandiswa kuita kuti kurwira rusununguko kuve mhosva. Asi isu hatishandise izwi rekuti hugandanga uye hugandanga kutsanangura nhoroondo yeUS uye rusarura rwenguva isati yasvika kodzero dzevanhu. "
Chokwadi kutya, kana riri iro izwi, rakaitirwa vanhu vemuAfrica-America apo Davis aive musikana mukodzero dzevagari vepamberi Birmingham, Alabama, anopisirwa mukuziva kwake. Akazvarwa muna 1944 muguta raizove nemukurumbira wakashata panguva yekurwira kodzero dzevanhu dzekugadzika imbwa uye kutenderedza mapombi kune veAfrica-America vachitsvaga vhoti - uye zvakanyanya kuipa. “Ndakakura panguva apo, semhinduro kuboka rekurukurirano dzamarudzi andakabatanidzwa mariri, chechi yatakanga tichikurukura yakapiswa. Ndakakurira panguva apo vanhu vatema vaitamira munharaunda yevachena pamhiri chaipo pomugwagwa pataigara, uye mabhomba aiiswa mudzimba idzodzo. Handisati ndambonzwa izwi rekuti hugandanga rakashandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, asi kune rimwe divi rinoshandiswa kumutsa pfungwa iyi yengozi kubva kunze pasina kumboziva kuti nhoroondo yeUnited States yanga iri nhoroondo yehugandanga. kurwisana nevanhu veko, nhoroondo yekutyisidzira vanhu veAfrica. "
Davis anonditarisa uye anoseka: "Saka, kudaidza Beyoncé gandanga hazvishande!"
Shoko rokuti gandanga rine mutinhimira wakadzama wemunhu. Ndizvo zvakashevedzwa nemutungamiri wenyika Nixon Davis apo, makore makumi mana nemana apfuura, aive mumwe wevakuru gumi veFBI vainyanya kudiwa, mupoteri kubva kune vanonzi kururamisira. Akazosungwa ndokutarisana nemhosva yekurangana kupamba nekuuraya, mhosva dzaangadai akaurairwa. Pakutongwa kwake muna 44, akanzi haana mhosva, nepo vamwe vatsigiri biyake, vaichimbova Black Panthers avo vaanosimbirira kuti vasungwa vezvematongerwe enyika, vakanga vasina rombo rakanaka: “Aichimbova murwiri biyangu Ruchell Magee ave ari mutorongo kwamakore 10 zvino.” Kune vamwe vasungwa vakawanda vezvematongerwo enyika vakadai kubva panguva iyoyo yeBlack Panther vachiri kungogara mujeri zvisina tsarukano, anodaro. George Jackson, waakamboti murume wake weupenyu hwese (kunyangwe vaviri ava vasina kumboroora) haasi mumwe wavo: akapfurwa akafa muna 1972 panguva yekuyedza kubuda mutirongo, mazuva matatu asati atongwa nemhosva yekuponda. wemuchena murindi wejeri. Davis haana kuzoroora kubva ipapo.
Ndinomubvunza pamusoro pomumwe Black Panther, Albert Woodfox, akapfigirwa mutorongo nokuda kwokuba akashongedzerwa nezvombo uye gare gare akabatwa ane mhaka navamwe varume vaviri nokuda kwokuponda murindi wetorongo paLouisiana State Penitentiary (inozivikanwawo sejeri reAngola); mwedzi wapera, Woodfox akapidigurwa mhosva yake mushure mekutsungirira makore makumi mana nemaviri ari muhusungwa. “Chokwadi ndinofara zvikuru, kuva ndakabatanidzwa munhimbe yokusunungura Angola Three kwamakore akawanda, asi nei yakatora nguva refu kudaro?”
Dai maBlack Panthers aishanda muna 2014, Davis anotenda "vangadai vari pamagumo ehondo yehugandanga". Anotaura Assata Shakur, murwiri uye mutsigiri weBlack Panther uyo akabatwa nemhosva semubatanidzwa pakuponda makore makumi mana apfuura emupurisa wehurumende yeNew Jersey, uye akaiswa parunyorwa rwaidiwa zvikuru neFBI kutanga kwegore rino. "Ini ndinofunga danho rekudoma Assata gandanga uye kutumira mubairo wemadhora miriyoni maviri pakubatwa kwake, izvo zvinoreva kuti chero mamercenaries kubva kumakambani matsva ekuchengetedza akazvimirira anogona kuedza kuenda kuCuba [kwave nemakore makumi matatu nemashanu achigara Shakur. ], kumubata uye kumudzosa kumubairo we$40m, hakusi kurwiswa neAssata - izvo zvaari - asi zvinotumira meseji kunhamba huru dzepwere dzinozivikanwa naye. Nhoroondo yeupenyu hwake yakakurumbira zvikuru uye ndinoratidzika kwandiri kuti ndiro shoko kune vechidiki nhasi: 'Chenjerera! Kana ukapinda mukurwisana kunoenderera mberi, masangano akasimba, aya ndiwo mabatirwo auchaitwa – uchabatwa segandanga.’”
Zvakadaro, Davis anofunga kuti vechidiki iye zvino vakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaomarara pane kurohwa nehugandanga. “Ndine tariro zvikuru. Ndinonzwa vanhu vachidzokorora kutaura nezvekusakendenga kwevechiduku asi zvichida kune vanhu vakawanda vari kushingaira muzvirongwa zvezvematongerwo enyika zveUnited States nhasi kupfuura zvaivako muma1960.”
Anonyanya kubatsirwa kubva the Occupy movement, vaaigara achitaura kakawanda kumisasa muna 2011. “Vaisanyatsoziva kwavaienda asi vaiziva kuti vakanga vachitsigira hutungamiriri.” Kune mukomunisiti ane mhare (Davis akamira zvakapetwa kaviri semutevedzeri wemutungamiri webato reCommunist USA muma1980), kupokana necapitalism kunonyanya kufadza. "Ini ndinofunga pesvedzero yeOccupy ichaenderera mberi kunyangwe musasa waigona kungovapo kwenguva yakatsanangurwa. Mumwe anogona kuona pesvedzero yeOccupy mukuratidzira kweFerguson izvozvi, mupfungwa yekuti vanoziva kuti hazvisi zvekungoda kuti mupurisa mumwe chete uyu atongwe asi ndezvekuziva hukama pakati pemhirizhonga yerusarura uye muchina wepurofiti. Ndizvo zvatiri kurwisana nazvo.”
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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