Kunobva: Jacobin
Zvakadaro bhiri iri richarerutsa zvakanyanya kutambura kwevazhinji, richiratidzawo shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi mukuwanisa veruzhinji.
Pakati pekubhadhara kwakananga, kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwekushaikwa kwemabasa, mari inopihwa nyika, zvikwereti zvemutero wevana, uye mamwe mabhenefiti, vanhu vazhinji varombo nevanoshanda vachawana rubatsiro. kure-kure huwandu hwerutsigiro rwehurumende - uye pamwe cheka urombo hwevana nepakati. Uye kusiyana negore rapfuura mapeji ekuyamura, kubhadhara kwebhiri kuchaenda kunenge kune chete ruzhinji rwevanhu, kwete makambani.
Ichokwadi kuti iyo inenge isipo yekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu munharaunda muUnited States ibasa rakaderera kujekesa. Kunyange zvakadaro, haina kubviswa kwemakumi emakore. Chiitiko chedenda, uye midzi yakadzika ye pre-denda kusaenzana iyo yakawedzera kukanganisa kwayo, yakavhura zvakare gonhi rakavharika: Tarisiro yekuti hurumende ndiyo inokonzera kushata kwenharaunda, uye kuti mari yakawanda inogona uye inofanirwa. kupihwa.
Sezvo aimbove Democratic Congressman Barney Frank akazvitaura Washington Post:
Kwave kuchinja kukuru. Vanhu vakabva pakuva vanoshora hurumende, kuenda kupfuura kusava nekwavakarerekera pairi, kusvika pakufunga kuti: “Tinoda hurumende; inofanira kutibatsira, "Mune kubvumirana kutsva muAmerica - kuti hurumende ine basa rinokosha, uye kuti Ronald Reagan akanga asina kururama. Kekutanga muhupenyu hwangu, vanhu vari kuti hurumende yaita zvishoma pane kuita zvakawandisa.
Frank ari pachokwadi nezvekuchinja, uye ari chokwadi kuti Ronald Reagan aive akafa zvisirizvo. Asi bato rake rakaita basa rakasimba mukupa rufu ku "garikano sezvatinoziva," mukati Mashoko aBill Clinton. Mamwe emabhuku akasununguka ari kupemberera kukunda uku aive nawo, saMat Bruenig chiisei, “zvichikonzerwa nokuderera kwoutsinye kwemagariro evanhu muma1990.”
Kuruboshwe kunofanirwa kunetsana nemashandisiro atinoita nguva ino, tichiratidza nzira iyo zvirongwa zvehurumende zvinobatsira vanhu vanoshanda, uye kushanda kuvaka kusatya uye kuronga kugona kuda zvakawanda kubva kumaDemocrats.
Kuyambuka Rubicon
Pazvisungo zvebhiri iri, iyo $1,400 yekubhadhara yakananga (kana "kuchekwa kwekusimudzira," sekuzivikanwa kwavanoitwa) yakatariswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekukanganisa kwayo nekukurumidza. Mari yekubhadhara yakaderedzwa chinyararire kubva pakutanga vimbiso ye $2,000, uye yakavharwa nokukurumidza semvumo kune bapiro rinochengetedza rebato. Zvakangodaro, macheki anoramba achizivikanwa zvakanyanya uye achapa kukurumidza kuwedzera kwemari.
Chiitiko chedenda, uye midzi yakadzika ye pre-denda kusaenzana iyo yakawedzera kukanganisa kwayo, yakavhura zvakare gonhi rakavharika: Tarisiro yekuti hurumende ndiyo inokonzera kushata kwenharaunda, uye kuti mari yakawanda inogona uye inofanirwa. kupihwa.
Zvimwe zvinhu zviri mubhiri iri zvakanyanya kukosha, asi kufarirwa uye kubudirira kwemari yakapfuura yakananga - yakapfuura nemapato maviri gore rapfuura uye yakasainwa naDonald Trump - yakagadzira nzira yekuwedzera rubatsiro rwemari uye mabhenefiti ehurumende. Kunyange pasina veparamende veRepublican vakasaina bhiri rekuyamura, kufarirwa kwakapararira kwecheki yekusimudzira, kusanganisira pakati pevavhoti veRepublican, kwakabatsira mbeveve kupikisa kupikisa pasuru.
Sezvo Samuel Hammond wepakati-kurudyi Niskanen Center akaudza New York Times: "MaRepublicans haagone kutarisira kuita mushandirapamwe wekudzosera kumashure. Vakayambuka Rubicon maererano nemari yekubhadhara. Vanhu vanofarira macheki ekukurudzira. "
In rapfuura Monmouth University sarudzo, 62 muzana yevakabvunzurudzwa vakafarira chirongwa chekukurudzira, pamwe nezvikamu zvitatu kubva muzvina zveavo vanoita mari isingasviki $50,000 pagore vachiitsigira (zvichienzaniswa ne55 muzana yeavo vanowana mari inopfuura $100,000).
Rubatsiro rwemwana rwakawedzerwa ruchava nemimwe yemhedzisiro inosvika kure. Nehunyanzvi, ikiredhiti yemutero, asi sekurongeka kwayakaitwa, inenge iri mari isingaite pamwana kumhuri dzese. Sezvo Times inoti: “Chikarongwa mumashoko ounyanzvi sokuwedzera kwechikwereti chomutero chiripo, imari inovimbiswa mhuri dzine vana, sezvakangofanana nemiripo yevana inowanikwa mune dzimwe nyika dzakapfuma.”
Bhiri iri rinowedzera chikwereti chepamusoro icho mhuri dzinogona kuwana nezvikamu zvinosvika makumi masere kubva muzana pamwana. Zvinotonyanya kukosha ndezvokuti nekuita kuti idzoserwe zvizere, uye nekupedza mari shoma yaimbowanikwa kwairi, mamirioni emhuri dzine urombo dzakanga dzisina kukodzera kare dzichakwanisa kuwana kiredhiti yakazara: $80 pamwana ari pasi pemakore matanhatu, uye $3,600 pamwana mumwe ane makore. manomwe kusvika gumi nemanomwe. Panzvimbo pekubhadhara mukupera kwegore nekudzoserwa kwemutero, IRS inotumira cheki pamwedzi inosvika madhora mazana matatu pamwana.
Nemutengo unodarika mabhiriyoni zana emadhora pagore, uye nekusvika kwevana vangangoita mamirioni makumi matanhatu nepfumbamwe, mubairo wakakura, uye wakatokura kana maDemocrats akabudirira kuita kuti zvive zvachose. Ichava genie yakaoma kudzokera mubhodhoro.
Icho chokwadi chekuti hurongwa hwekushaikwa kwenyika hunoramba huripo panguva ino chiratidzo chakanaka chemhando dzezvido zvinogoneka uye zvakakosha kurwira mumwedzi iri kuuya.
Zvakare, nepo rutsigiro rweRepublican paCapitol Hill rwakanga rwusina, kupokana nekuwedzera kwechikwereti chemwana kwakapera simba, kunze kwemakona anochengetedza zvakanyanya. Vamiriri veRepublican vakadai saMarco Rubio naMike Lee vakazvishora sekudzoka kumagariro asina kuita. Uye kubva kwavari think-tank perches, mawongi erudyi akachema nekuputsika kwechibvumirano chebipartisan chinopesana nerubatsiro icho chakaramba chiripo kwemakumi emakore. Vaiomerera kunharo dzokuti kugara zvakanaka kunoita kuti munhu asaita zvakanaka uye anokurudzira kuva mubereki ari oga. Kunenge kuti vanobvuma fungidziro yavo yokuti roorano inofanira kuva nhau yokumanikidzirwa kwezvemari panzvimbo porudo.
Zvichakadaro, kuwedzera kweinishuwarenzi yekushaikwa kwemabasa kwakaiswa neCARES Act gore rapfuura kwawedzerwa, kunyangwe hafu yemutengo. Sezvo Doug Henwood akatsanangura mukati Jacobin panguva:
Inishuwarenzi yekushaikwa kwemabasa yeCARES Act ndiyo yaive yakanyanya rupo nhanho dzenharaunda munhoroondo yedu isina rupo. Kurasikirwa neJobho kubva mukupera kwaKurume zvichienda mberi kwakakonzera kudzikira kwakanyanya kwemuhoro nemari yemuhoro - yakapetwa zvakapetwa kaviri kuderera mushure medambudziko rezvemari ra2008 uye rakapfuura chete nekutanga kweKuderera Kukuru mukutanga kwema1930s. Asi kudzikira uku kwakawedzera kudarika nekuwedzera kukuru kwemabhenefiti einishuwarenzi, pamwe chete ne $1,200 cheki. Mari idzi dzaive dzakakura zvekuti mari yemunhu yakakwira chose zvisinei nekurova kukuru kwemuhoro nemari yemuhoro.
United States haina nyika yeinishuwarenzi yekushaikwa kwemabasa, pachinzvimbo ichivimba nehurongwa hwemamiriro ehurumende, ine migove yakasiyana-siyana yemabhenefiti. Kuunzwa kwemubhadharo wemubatanidzwa une mukana wekushandura iyo yakaderera yakaderera mwero werubatsiro kubva kumatunhu kuita unoshanda system.
Kuti maDemocrats kubvuma kudzikisa nepakati mari yekuwedzera kubva pamadhora mazana matanhatu kusvika mazana matatu emadhora pasvondo chibvumirano chinokuvadza. Asi chokwadi chekuti hwaro hwekushaikwa kwenyika hunoramba huripo panguva ino chiratidzo chakanaka chemhando dzezvido zvinogoneka uye zvakakosha kurwira mumwedzi iri kuuya.
Mari Muhomwe dzedu
Kutorwa pamwe chete, kubhadhara kwakananga, mabhenefiti ekuchengeta vana, uye inishuwarenzi yekushaikwa kwemabasa, pamwe nemari inodarika mabhiriyoni makumi manomwe emadhora emari yemamwe masevhisi uye mabhenefiti akaita seMedicaid, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), uye rubatsiro rwekurojesa neremba, zvichaisa mari mumaoko evanhu. nokukurumidza.
Pane zvinokonzeresa zvenguva refu pakuwedzera mari kuhurumende dzematunhu nedzenzvimbo, zvikoro nenzvimbo dzekuchengeta vana. Kwemakore, mhuri nemasangano evadzidzisi vakadzidziswa nevanoita zvehudzvinyiriri kuti “kukanda mari muzvikoro” hakubatsiri zvavakabuda. Ikozvino mabhiriyoni mazana maviri emadhora akagoverwa kuzvikoro zvepuraimari nesekondari, uye madhora mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu emadhora kuhurumende, dzemuno, nemadzinza.
Pasina kupokana, mari iyi inongozadza mikaha iripo uye kwete kugadzirisa kurongeka kwemari uye kusaenzana kwemarudzi. Kuisa nhamba idzodzo mumaonero, bhajeti rechikoro cheNew York City roga imadhora mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nemana pagore. Asi nepo kuenda kune imwe nzira yekuenda kudzidzo kungokunda zvishoma, kwakakosha. Kushandiswa kwemari padzidzo kunosanganisira chikamu chinodarika chikamu chimwe muzvina chebhajeti renyika, zvichiita kuti ive chinangwa chikuru chekudzikisa bhajeti. Zvikoro zvematunhu munyika yose zvave nazvo haisati yapora kubva pakudzikisira kunoitwa panguva yekuderera kukuru kwehupfumi.
Kana iyo mabhiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu emadhora akagoverwa kumatunhu nehurumende dzematunhu haakoshi. New York State, semuenzaniso, ichagamuchira madhora 350 bhiriyoni yerubatsiro. Maererano ne Urban Institute, nyika kusvika parizvino yarasikirwa nemadhora mazana maviri nemazana mashanu emadhora mumari yemutero panguva yedenda. Kusiyana neCARES Act, kupihwa kwerubatsiro kumatunhu hakungogumiri pakushandisa zvine chekuita neCCIDID-2.5, kuitira kuti mari igone kushandiswa zvakanyanya. Sezvo Eric Levitz vakakavadzana, rubatsiro kune nyika "inovandudza tarisiro yekuruboshwe yekukunda shanduko inofambira mberi padanho renzvimbo nekusiya nyika muhutano huri nani hwemari kupfuura hwaive denda risati raitika."
Pachiyero, inosimudzira madhora miriyoni 1.9, yakanangana nekupa mabhenefiti eruzhinji, kuhwina. Izvo hazvidzose kusaenzana kwenguva refu kwakarongeka, kana makumi emakore-kurwiswa kwevanhu vanoshanda. Zvakare hazviunze United States pese pese padhuze zvinoenderana nezvakapihwa nedzimwe nyika dzakapfuma kune vagari vadzo. Asi kupasa kwebhiri iri kunogona kuvandudza basa uye hutano hwehupfumi hweboka revashandi kubva kwavaive denda risati rasvika. Mukuita izvi, inogona kushandura kambasi yezvematongerwo enyika yeUS kune imwe nzira kupfuura iyo ine hutsinye, yakavharirwa mukati memakore makumi mana apfuura.
Kupfuura kwebhiri iri kunogona kuvandudza basa uye hutano hwehupfumi hweboka revashandi kubva kwavaive denda risati rasvika. Mukuita izvi, inogona kushandura kambasi yezvematongerwo enyika yeUS kune imwe nzira kupfuura iyo ine hutsinye, yakavharirwa mukati memakore makumi mana apfuura.
Icho chokwadi chekuti izvi zviri kuitika pasi pehutungamiriri hweMutungamiri Joe Biden - avo kuzvipira kune austerity kwakagara kwenguva refu - chiratidzo chekuti hupfumi hweAmerica nezvematongerwo enyika hwakachinja sei mumakore achangopfuura.
A Pendulum Shift
Makumi mana apfuura, ipapo-Federal Reserve Sachigaro Paul Volcker kukonzeresa nemaune kudzikira kunoparadza nekufamba nemitengo yemumba ichikwira kurwisa inflation. Mutungamiri Ronald Reagan vakaratidza kutsigira kwehurumende kurwisa kwevashandirwi nekupfura vanopfuura zviuru gumi nechimwe vairova vanodzora ndege. Uye kuUK, Margaret Thatcher akapwanya mubatanidzwa wevacheri vemarasha, uye vakaenderera mberi nekumisa mitemo nekuita hupfumi.
Zviitiko izvi zvaive pakati pemapfuti ekutanga enguva ye neoliberalism, iyo yakarova sangano rekushanda-kirasi uye mararamiro ehupenyu kubvira. Hungwaru hwenguva iyoyo hwaifarira kuomerwa pamusoro pemambure ekuchengetedza uye kushomeka kwekutengesa pamusoro pemari yehurumende.
Asi muchirimo chapfuura, nekuvharika kwakapararira pasirese, kugadzira, basa, uye kuda zvese zvakakanyiwa nekumhanya kusati kwamboitika. Hurumende dzakashandisa mari yakawanda kuchengetedza hupfumi hwadzo pakurarama. Mukuita izvi, shanduko yependulum yezvematongerwo enyika inogona kunge yakaiswa mukufamba.
Mune flip yeinotya Margaret Thatcher sirogani "hapana imwe nzira" kune yemahara-musika neoliberalism, kuoma kwedambudziko, kutyisidzira kwekuparara kwehupfumi kwenguva refu, uye ruzivo rwekupindura kuri kuita hurumende kune Kuderera kukuru uye kunotevera kwayo. kupora kweanemic, kwatendesa vazhinji veboka rinotonga kuti hurumende hadzina sarudzo kunze kwekukwereta uye kushandisa nzira yavo yekubuda mudambudziko. Austerity orthodoxy has kudhonza kudiki pakati pevagadziri vemitemo, mabhizimisi makuru, vanhu vashoma vanoshanda.
US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen anomiririra kubvumirana kuri pedyo apo iye inotaura: “Ini napurezidhendi akasarudzwa, kana neni, hatisi kupa rubatsiro urwu tisina kuonga mutoro wezvikwereti zvenyika. Asi iko zvino, nemitengo yemubereko panguva yakaderera, chinhu chakangwara chatinogona kuita kuita hombe. Mukufamba kwenguva, ndinotenda kuti mabhenefiti achapfuura zvakanyanya mutengo, kunyanya kana isu tine hanya nekubatsira vanhu vanga vachinetseka kwenguva refu. "
Maonero ekubvumirana ari kubuda anoona dambudziko risingagoneki sea kutyisidzira kukuru kupfuura chikwereti uye inflation. Mutengo wekubhadhara chikwereti wakachipa kana uchipihwa mubereko wekare wakaderera. Uye vanogadzira mitemo vari kubhejera mari yakawedzerwa kana hupfumi hwadzoka.
Asi kumwe kunobva chivimbo pakati pemacapitalist ndiko kunyarara abysmally low level yesangano reUS working class. SaPaul Heideman inotaura, "kukwira kwemitengo inyaya yezvematongerwo enyika." Kukura kwehupfumi kunotarisirwa kukonzerwa nekukurudzira kushandisa mari hakurevi kuti kune mihoro yakakwira zvakanyanya uye nekudaro inflation. Heideman anotsanangura kuti, “Kushandisa mari kwehurumende kunongokonzera kukwira kwemitengo kana boka revashandi rinenge rakasimba zvakakwana kudzivirira macapitalist kutora mari yose iri kugoverwa.”
Ichi ndicho chidzidzo chakatorwa kubva kumutungamiri wenyika yaTrump. "Inogona kunge isiri hupfumi hwakanakisa, sezvagara zvichitaurwa na [Trump]," anotsanangura Neil Irwin New York Times, “asi ndiro rakanga rakasimba zvikuru kubvira mukupera kwema1990.” Kunyange huwandu hwekushaikwa kwemabasa hwakadzikira uye mazinga emari akakwira zvine mwero, hapana chakaitika zvinoshamisa kuti zvikonzere kukwira kwemitengo. Nekuporeswa kwehupfumi panguva dzese dzakakwirira muUnited States, kune nzvimbo yakawanda yekusagadzikana kwekirasi ye capitalist kuti itore kumwe kukwidzwa kwemuhoro pasina kuendesa iyo mitengo mumitengo yakakwira.
Chokwadi, rutsigiro rwemari yehurumende rwakabva kune US Chamber of Commerce, vatungamiriri vemakambani, Uye International Monetary Fund - masimba aunowanzo tarisira kuwana kune rumwe rutivi rwemari "mutoro" maringe negakava rekushandisa.
Zvinopfuura zvishoma zvinogutsa kuwana neoliberal muromo Larry Summers, murume ane nhoroondo refu yekushandisa "pesvedzero ine ngwavaira” muWashington, iye zvino ari mushambadzi ane simba shoma pane chero munhu. Mazhizha akadzokera kuhupenyu hweveruzhinji kubva kuhibernation kuitira kuti ataure pamusoro pekushandisa mari yekukurudzira kuenda "zvakanyanya", uye kuisa nharo dzetekinoroji pamusoro pe“mitemo inoganhurira” cheki dzakananga kumhuri. Nharo dzake dzakafuratirwa netsitsi.
Kushandisa Kukunda Kwakakwana
Tiri panguva isina kumboitika hupfumi uye mari polarization, apo 1 muzana yepamusoro yevane hupfumi inodzora pedyo nechetatu chehupfumi hwenyika, nepo hafu yepasi yevagari vachigovana 2 muzana yezvimedu zvehupfumi pakati pavo. Huwandu hunoshamisa hwekusaenzana kwehupfumi husati hwavapo hwakanyanya kukonzera kutadza kwenharaunda kugadzirisa kupararira kwehutachiona uye kuderera kwayo kwehupfumi: Hurongwa hwehutano hweveruzhinji hwakadzikira, hurongwa hwekushaikwa kwemabasa hwakagadzirirwa kuti vanhu vasaende kuzvikoro, zvikoro zvakasakara zvisingaite. tarisira mahwindo anogona kuvhurika, ndoda mafambisirwo emhepo.
Gore rapfuura, hupfumi hweUS hwakadzikira neinoshamisa 3.5 muzana. Mabasa ave kutanga kudzoka, asi hupfumi hweUS huchiri mabasa anoda kusvika mamirioni gumi kumashure kwayaive denda risati rasvika. Huwandu hwevasina mabasa huri pamutemo hwadzika kusvika pazvikamu zvitanhatu kubva muzana, asi ukangoverenga huwandu hwevashandi vakamira kutsvaga basa, nhamba inosvika zvikamu zvipfumbamwe neshanu kubva muzana.
Tinofanira kumbundikira kukunda uku kune zvakuri - uye kurwa segehena kune zvimwe.
Kuderera kwehupfumi kwakanganisa vashandi vane mari shoma uye vanhu vane ruvara zvizhinji. Vakawira mumakomba akadzika uye ndivo vakanonoka kuwanazve mabasa avo. Vakadzi vatema neveLatina kunyanya vakarasikirwa nemabasa zvakanyanya kune kwavanga vari pamberi pedenda.
Bhiri razvino rekukurudzira harizopindure dambudziko, uye hazvizove zvakakwana kushandura kudzika kwehupfumi kusaenzana kuseri kwayo. Asi zvinozoita mutsauko wakakura muhupenyu hwevanhu, uye mukuita izvi kugadzira nzvimbo yakaorera yekuti Kuruboshwe varonge.
Kune rimwe divi, vanhu vekuAmerica vachaona kukanganiswa kwehurumende kunobatsira muhupenyu hwavo, uye kuvimbika kwedzidziso yehutano huchadzikiswa zvakare. Nekune rimwe divi, nepo maDemocrats achitarisira kuita kuti mutero wemwana kiredhiti zvachose, kuzvipira kwavo kupurojekiti iyoyo (pamwe nekukwidza mubairo wepasi kana kuchengetedza mubatanidzwa wekushaikwa kwemabasa) kwakasimba sezvo isingatsamwire makambani eAmerica. kana kutarisana nekupikisa kwakasimba kubva kune vamwe vavo vekuRepublican.
Muchirevo chechinyorwa ichocho, Kuruboshwe kunofanirwa kuzvikanda mukuronga kuita mabhenefiti senge chikwereti chemwana zvachose. Kubudirira kumberi kunozotiunza mberi munzira yekuvaka patsva nyika yehutano, uye kuvaka rudzi rwekuvimba uye kurwisa kugona kunodiwa kurwira wakawedzerwa mubairo, Medicare Kune Vese, nezvimwe zvakawanda. Tinofanira kumbundikira kukunda uku kune zvakuri - uye kurwa segehena kune zvimwe.
Hadas Thier mumiriri muNew York, uye munyori we A People's Guide to Capitalism: Nhanganyaya kuMarxist Economics.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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