Hondo Yemazuva matanhatu ya1967 pakati peIsrael nemauto eArab yakakonzera kutorwa kweWest Bank neGaza Strip.
Israeri akatengesa nyaya yehondo iyi netsaona. Asi zvinyorwa zvitsva zvezvakaitika kare nemaminitsi kubva mudura zvinoratidza kuti Israeri yakanga yakanyatsogadzirirwa nokuda kwayo.
Muna 1963, nhamba kubva kumauto eIsrael, ezvemitemo uye ehurumende akanyoresa pachikoro paHebrew University muJerusarema, kuti agadzire hurongwa hwakakwana hwekubata nenharaunda iyo Israeri yaizotora makore mana gare gare, uye kutarisira mamiriyoni nehafu ePalestine. kugara mavari.
Kukurudzira kwaive kutadza mukubata nemabatiro akaita Israel nemaPalestine muGaza mukugara kwayo kwenguva pfupi panguva yeSuez Crisis muna 1956.
Muna May 1967, mavhiki hondo isati yatanga, magavhuna emauto eIsrael akagamuchira mabhokisi aiva nemirayiridzo yepamutemo neyechiuto pamusoro pokudzora mataundi nemisha yePalestine. Israel yaizoenderera mberi nekushandura West Bank neGaza Strip kuita majeri makuru pasi pehutongi hwemauto nekutariswa.
Kugara, nzvimbo dzekutarisa uye kurangwa kwakaungana kwaive chikamu chechirongwa ichi, semunyori wenhoroondo weIsrael Ilan Pappé inoratidza mu Jeri Hombe Panyika: Nhoroondo Yenzvimbo Dzakatorwa, nhoroondo yakadzama yekugara kwevaIsraeri.
Rakadhindwa pamakore makumi mashanu ekuyeukwa kwehondo ya50, bhuku iri rakanyorerwa Palestine Book Awards 2017, yakarongwa neMiddle East Monitor, inofanirwa kuziviswa muLondon musi wa24 Mbudzi. Pappé akataura neMiddle East Ziso nezve bhuku uye zvarinoburitsa.
Middle East Eye: Bhuku iri rinovaka sei pabhuku rako rapfuura, Kucheneswa Kwemadzinza ePalestine nezvehondo ya1948?
Ilan Pappé: Zvechokwadi kuenderera mberi kwebhuku rangu rekutanga Kucheneswa Kwemarudzi iyo inotsanangura zviitiko zve 1948. Ndinoona chirongwa chose cheZionism sechimiro kwete sechiitiko chimwe chete. Chimiro chesettler colonialism iyo sangano revatorwa rinotora nyika yekumusha. Chero bedzi kuumbwa kwekoloni kusati kwapera uye vagari veko vachiramba kuburikidza nebato rerusununguko rwenyika, imwe neimwe nguva yakadai yandiri kutarisa inongova chikamu mukati mechimiro chimwe chete.
kunyange zvazvo Jeri Hombe ibhuku renhoroondo, tichiri mukati mechikamu chimwe chete chenhoroondo. Hazvisati zvapera. Saka mune izvi, panofanira kunge paine bhuku rechitatu gare gare pakutarisa zviitiko zvezana ramakore re21 uye kuti pfungwa imwechete yekucheneswa kwemarudzi uye kubviswa kuri kuitwa sei munguva itsva uye kuti inorambwa sei nemaPalestine.
MEE: Iwe unotaura nezvekucheneswa kwemadzinza kunoitika muna Chikumi 1967. Chii chakaitika kumaPalestine muWest Bank neGaza Strip ipapo? Ikoku kwakanga kwakasiana sei nokucheneswa kwedzinza kwehondo ya1948?
IP: Muna 1948 pakanga pane hurongwa hwakajeka hwekuedza uye kudzinga vaPalestine vakawanda sezvinobvira kubva kuPalestine yakawanda sezvinobvira. Iyo settler colonialist project yakatenda kuti yaive nesimba rekugadzira nzvimbo yemaJuda muPalestine yaizove isina maPalestine. Hazvina kunyatsoshanda zvakadaro asi zvakabudirira sezvamunoziva mose. Zvikamu makumi masere kubva muzana zvevaPalestine vaigara mukati meyakava nyika yeIsrael vakava vapoteri.
Sezvandinoratidza mubhuku, pane vamwe vanoita mitemo yeIsrael vaifunga kuti pamwe tinogona kuita muna 1967 zvatakaita muna 1948. Asi ruzhinji rwavo rwakanzwisisa kuti hondo ye1967 yaiva hondo pfupi zvikuru, yaiva yemazuva matanhatu, uye. pakanga patova neterevhizheni, uye vanhu vakati wandei vavaida kudzinga vakanga vatova vapoteri kubva muna 1948.
Saka, ndinofunga kuti zano rakanga risiri rokuparadza dzinza sezvarakaitwa muna 1948. Mune zvimwe zviitiko vakadzinga mhomho yevanhu kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakadai seJeriko, Guta Rekare reJerusarema, uye kumativi eQalqilya. Asi kazhinji kazhinji vakasarudza kuti kutonga kwechiuto uye kukomba kuvharidzira vaPalestine munzvimbo dzavo vamene kwaizova kunobetsera sokudzinga.
Kubva muna 1967 kusvika nhasi, kune kucheneswa kwemadzinza kunononoka kunotora makore anopfuura makumi mashanu uye kunonoka zvekuti dzimwe nguva kunogona kungobata munhu mumwechete pazuva rimwe. Asi kana ukatarisa mufananidzo wose kubva 50 kusvika nhasi, tiri kutaura pamusoro pemazana ezviuru zvePalestine asingabvumirwi kudzokera kuWest Bank kana Gaza Strip.
MEE: Unosiyanisa pakati pemhando mbiri dzemauto dzinoshandiswa neIsrael: iyo yakavhurika yejeri modhi muWest Bank uye yakanyanya chengetedzo yejeri muGaza Strip. Unotsanangura sei mamodheru maviri aya? Uye aya mazwi echiuto here?
IP: Ndinoshandisa mazwi aya semadimikira kutsanangura mhando mbiri dzinopihwa neIsrael kune maPalestine munzvimbo dzakatorwa. Ini ndinosimbirira pakushandisa aya mazwi nekuti ndinofunga iyo-nyika mbiri mhinduro ndiyo yakavhurika modhi yejeri.
MaIsrael anodzora nharaunda dzakagarwa zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga, uye vanoedza kusapinda mumaguta nemisha yePalestine ine vanhu vakawanda. Vakapatsanura Gaza Strip muna 2005 uye vachiri kupatsanura West Bank. Kune Jewish West Bank uye Palestinian West Bank iyo isisiri nzvimbo inowirirana.
MuGaza maIsrael ndivo varindi vanovharira maPalestine kubva kunze kwenyika asi havapindire pane zvavanoita mukati.
IWest Bank yakafanana nejeri rakavhurika kwaunotumira matsotsi madiki anobvumidzwa nguva yakawanda yekubuda kunze uye kushanda kunze. Uye hapana hutongi hune hutsinye mukati asi ichiri jeri. Kunyangwe Mutungamiriri wePalestine Mahmoud Abbas, kana achibva kuArea B kuenda kuC, anoda maIsrael kuti vamuvhurire gedhi. Uye izvo kwandiri zvinofananidzira, chokwadi chekuti mutungamiri haagone kufamba pasina murindi wejeri reIsrael avhura keji.
Iko kune, hongu, mhinduro yePalestine nguva dzese kune izvi. VaPalestine havasi kungotaura uye havazvigamuchire. Takaona Intifadha yekutanga uye yechipiri Intifadha, uye pamwe tichaona yechitatu. VaIsrael vanoti kune maPalestine, mune pfungwa yekutarisira jeri, kuti kana iwe ukaramba isu tichakutorera maropafadzo ako ese, sezvatinoita mujeri. Iwe hauzokwanisi kushanda kunze. Iwe hauzokwanisi kufamba wakasununguka, uye iwe ucharangwa pamwe chete. Urwu ndirwo rudzi rwedivi rekuranga kwarwo, chirango chemubatanidzwa sekutsiva.
MEE: Nharaunda yepasirese inoshora chivakwa kana kuwedzera kwekugara kweIsrael munzvimbo dzakagarwa. Havazvitore sechikamu chikuru chehurongwa hweukoloni hweIsrael sezvaunotsanangura mubhuku. Kugara kweIsrael kwakatanga sei uye hwaro hwayo hwaive hune musoro kana hwechitendero?
IP: Mushure me1967 pakanga paine mepu mbiri dzekugara kana kurongeka. Paive nemepu yehungwaru iyo yakagadzirwa neKuruboshwe muIsrael. Uye baba vemepu iyi vaive mushakabvu Yigal Allon, the main strategist, akashanda naMoshe Dayan muna 1967 pachirongwa chekudzora West Bank neGaza Strip. Nheyo yavo yaive yehurongwa kwete yakanyanya kufunga, kunyangwe vaitenda kuti West Bank ndeyeIsrael.
Vainyanya kufarira kuona kuti maJuda haagare munzvimbo dzechiArab dzine vanhu vakawanda. Vati kwese uko maPalestine haagare nenzira yakatsiga tinogona kugadzikana. Saka vakatanga neMupata weJorodhani nekuti mubani reJorodhani mune misha midiki asi haina kukora sezvakaita kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Dambudziko kwavari nderekuti panguva imwe chete vakadhirowa mepu yavo yeunyanzvi, bato idzva rechitendero chaMesiasi rakabuda, Gush Emunim, bato rechitendero rechiJudha renyika, rakanga risingadi kugadzirisa maererano nemepu yakarongeka. Vaida kugadzirisa maererano nemepu yebhaibheri. Vaiva nepfungwa yokuti Bhaibheri ibhuku rinonyatsokuudza kwaiva nemaguta ekare echiJudha. Uye sezvakunoitika kuti mepu yaireva kuti vaJudha vaifanira kugara pakati peNablus, Hebroni neBheterehema, pakati penharaunda dzePalestine.
Pakutanga hurumende yeIsrael yakaedza kudzora sangano rebhaibheri iri kuti vagadzirise zvine hungwaru. Asi vatapi venhau vakati wandei veIsrael vakaratidza kuti Shimon Peres, gurukota rezvekudzivirirwa mukutanga 70s, akasarudza kubvumidza kugara kwebhaibheri. MaPalestine muWest Bank vakaoneswa mamepu maviri ehukoloni, ehurongwa nebhaibheri.
Nyika dzepasi rose dzinonzwisisa kuti maererano nemutemo wepasi rose hazvina basa kuti igadziriso ine hunyanzvi kana yebhaibheri, zvese hazvisi pamutemo.
Asi zvinosuruvarisa kuti nzanga dzepasi rose kubva muna 1967 dzakagamuchira chirevo cheIsrael chinoti “kugara kuri kunze kwemutemo asi ndekwenguva pfupi, kana paita runyararo tichava nechokwadi chekuti zvese zviri pamutemo. Asi chero pasina runyararo tinoda pekugara nekuti tichiri kurwa nemaPalestine.
MEE: Iwe unoti "basa" harisi izwi rakarurama rekutsanangura chokwadi muIsrael, West Bank neGaza Strip. Uye KuPalestine, nhaurirano naNoam Chomsky, unoshoropodza izwi rekuti "peace process". Izvi zvine nharo. Nei mashoko aya asina kururama?
IP: Ndinofunga kuti mutauro wakakosha zvikuru. Nzira yaunoronga nayo mamiriro inogona kukanganisa mikana yako yekuishandura.
Isu tanga tichigadzira mamiriro ezvinhu muWest Bank muGaza Strip uye mukati meIsrael neduramazwi risiri iro uye mazwi. Basa nguva dzose rinoreva mamiriro echinguvana.
Mhinduro yekugara ndiyo kupera kwekugara, mauto ari kupinda nechisimba anodzokera kunyika yawo, asi aya haasi iwo mamiriro angave muWest Bank kana muIsrael kana Gaza Strip. Uku ndiko colonization, ini ndinokurudzira, kunyangwe ichinzwika senge izwi reanachronistic muzana ramakore re21, ndinofunga isu tinofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti Israeri iri kutora Palestine. Yakatanga kuita koloni mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19 uye ichiri kuita koloni nanhasi.
Kune hutongi hwevatorwa hutongi huri kutonga Palestine yose nenzira dzakasiyana. MuGaza Strip inoitonga kubva kunze. MuWest Bank inodzora zvakasiyana munzvimbo A, B uye nzvimbo C. Iine mitemo yakasiyana-siyana kune vaPalestine mumusasa wevapoteri, uko isingabvumiri vapoteri kudzoka. Ndiyo imwe nzira yekuchengetedza koloni nekusatendera vanhu vakadzingwa kuti vadzoke. Zvose chikamu chepfungwa imwechete.
Saka ndinofunga izwi rekuti runyararo uye basa kana zvaiswa pamwechete zvinogadzira fungidziro yenhema yekuti zvese zvaunoda ndezvekuti mauto eIsrael abude muWest Bank neGaza Strip, uye kuve nerunyararo pakati peIsrael neramangwana. Paresitina.
Iye zvino, mauto eIsrael haasi muGaza Strip uye haasi munzvimbo iyoyo A. Haisiwo munzvimbo B, iyo isingafaniri kuva. Asi hakuna rugare. Pane mamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa kupfuura aya aive pamberi peOslo Accords muna 1993.
Izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti runyararo runyararo rwakagonesa Israeri kuita humwe hukoloni, asi panguva ino nerutsigiro rwepasirese. Saka ndinokurudzira kutaura nezve decolonization kwete rugare. Ini ndinokurudzira kutaura nezvekuchinja hutongi hwemutemo hunodzora hupenyu hwevaIsrael nePalestine.
Ndinofunga kuti tinofanira kutaura nezvenyika yerusaruraganda. Tinofanira kutaura nezvekucheneswa kwemarudzi. Tinofanira kutsvaga chinotsiva rusaruraganda. Uye tine muenzaniso wakanaka muSouth Africa. Nzira chete yekutsiva rusaruraganda iine democracy system. Munhu mumwechete, vhoti imwe chete kana nyika mbiri yenyika. Ndinofunga kuti aya ndiwo mazwi atinofanira kutanga kushandisa, nokuti kana tikaramba tichishandisa mazwi ekare, tinoramba tichiparadza nguva nekuedza uye hatizoshanduri chokwadi pasi.
MEE: Chii chine ramangwana rekutonga kwemauto eIsrael pamusoro pePalestine? Tichaona here sangano rekusateerera kwevanhu rakadai seriyo muJerusarema kumashure muna Chikunguru?
IP: Ndinofunga kuti tichaona kusateerera kwevanhu kwete muJerusarema chete asi muPalestine yose, uye izvi zvinosanganisira maPalestine mukati meIsrael. Sosaiti pachayo yaisazobvuma zvachose rudzi urwu rwechokwadi. Handizivi zvinoreva kuti ichashandisa. Isu tinogona kuona zvinoitika kana iwe usina zano rakajeka kubva kumusoro rekuti vanhu vanosarudza kuita yavo yerusununguko hondo.
Paive nechimwe chinhu chinokatyamadza munyaya yeJerusarema apo pasina aitenda kuti kupikisa kwakakurumbira kunogona kumanikidza maIsrael kuti adzore matanho ekuchengetedza avakaisa paHaram al-Sharif. Ndinofunga kuti iyi inogona kunge iri muenzaniso. Kupokana kwakakurumbira kweramangwana kusiri kwese kwese asi munzvimbo dzakasiyana.
Kupokana kwakakurumbira kunoenderera nguva dzese muPalestine. Vezvenhau havazvitauri. Asi mazuva ese vanhu vanoratidzira vachipikisa madziro ehudzvanyiriri, vanhu vachiratidzira vachipikisa kutorwa kweminda, vanhu voramwa mabasa nenzara nekuti vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika. Kupokana kwePalestine kubva pasi kunoenderera mberi. Kupokana kwePalestine kubva kumusoro kwakamira.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta