Kunobva: The Grayzone
The New York Times yakadonhedza rimwe bhomba reRussiagate musi waChikumi 26 iine nyaya inokatyamadza yepeji-peji ine musoro, "Russia Yakapa Pachivande Mauto eAfghan Mapoka Ekuuraya Mauto eUS, Hungwaru hunodaro." Vhidhiyo inofanotaurwa uye mhirizhonga yezvematongerwo enyika yakatevera, ichimutsiridza hysteria inopokana neRussia iyo yakafadza kugadzwa kweBeltway kwemakore mana apfuura.
Asi kunyatsotarisisa kutaurwa neThe Times uye zvimwe zvitoro zviri kurwira kusimbisa kuvharwa kwaro kunoratidza imwe nyonganiso isina kusiyana neRussiagate pachayo: zvinhu zvakakosha zvenyaya zvinoita kunge zvakagadzirwa nehungwaru hwehurumende yeAfghan kuti ibvise mauto eUS kubva. Nyika. Uye ivo vakaburitswa kuTimes nezvimwe zviteshi nevakuru vehurumende veUnited States vakagovana hurongwa nevabatsiri vavo vekuAfghan.
Mumazuva akatevera kuburitswa kwenyaya, manejimendi ehutongi hweAfghan uye US National Security Bureau akasangana nechimhingamupinyi chisingatarisirwe chezvematongerwo enyika: Masangano ehungwaru eUS akatanga kupa ongororo yakaderera muhungwaru hwehurumende yeAfghan, vachivatonga kuti. kunyumwa zvakanyanya, uye manyepo zvachose.
Tichifunga nezvebudiriro inoshamisa iyi, gwaro rekutanga reTimes rinoita kunge raive chibereko chekuraswa kwakashata kwakanangana nekurebesa hondo yeAfghan yakakundikana pamberi pehurongwa hweMutungamiri Donald Trump hwekubvisa mauto eUS mairi.
The Times inoburitsa chinyararire nhema dzayo
The Times haina kungotyora nyaya yeBountygate chete asi yakatuma zvikwata zvevatori venhau zvaisanganisira vanyori vapfumbamwe vakasiyana kuti vanyore zvinyorwa zvisere vachinyengerera kunyomba kwaifungidzirwa mukati memazuva masere. Kufukidzwa kwaro kwakaratidza tsika yebepa rekudzokorora zvidimbu zvemashoko asina chokwadi anopihwa kune vanyori varo nevasina kuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Mumazuva akatevera kuburitswa kunoshamisa kweTimes, zvikwata zvevatori venhau zvakamanikidzwa kudzokorora mutsara wenyaya kuti vagadzirise nhoroondo yakazopedzisira yave yenhema pane chero chinhu chakakosha.
Iyo Bountygate saga yakatanga muna Chikumi 26, paine mushumo weTimes kuzivisa, "United States yakagumisa mwedzi yapfuura" kuti vanhu vokuRussia "vakapa pachivande mibayiro yekurwisa kwakabudirira gore rakapera." Chirevo chakaratidza kuti vaongorori vehungwaru vekuUS vasvika pamhedziso yakasimba pamari yeRussia kutanga kwaNdira. Chirevo chekutevera Times chakaratidza kuwanikwa kunokatyamadza kwehurongwa hweRussia hunotyisa nekuda kwekudzoreredzwa kwemari yeUS kubva "pakupambwa kweTaliban." Chinyorwa ichocho chakaburitsa chirevo chayo pakubvunzurudzwa kwe "vakatorwa varwi veAfghan nematsotsi."
Nekudaro, chirevo chakatevera chakaratidza kuti "mishumo yehungwaru yeUS" nezve chirongwa cheRussia chekugovera mabhonasi kuburikidza neAfghan middlemen haina kugadzirwa nehungwaru hweUS zvachose.
The Times yakashuma kutanga muna Chikumi 28, uye zvakare muna Chikumi 30, kuti mari yakawanda yakawanikwa pa "Chikwata cheTaliban" kana "Taliban saiti" yakanga yatungamirira veU.S. kufungira zano reRussia. Asi The Times yaifanira kufamba ichiti ichidzoka, ichiburitsa pachena July 1 kuti kuvhozhokera kwakawana $500,000 mumari chaizvoizvo kwakanga kwakananga musha weKabul waRahmatullah Azizi, mumwe muzvinabhizimisi weAfghan anonzi akabatanidzwa muzvose zviri zviviri kutengeswa kwezvinodhaka nokuita kondirakiti yechikamu chemabhiriyoni emadhora akashandiswa neUnited States muzvirongwa zvokuvaka.
The Times yakaburitsawo kuti ruzivo rwakapihwa ne "varwi vakabatwa nematsotsi" vachi "bvunzurudzwa" ndirwo rwakanyanya kunyumwira chirongwa cheRussia bounty muAfghanistan. Asi avo "varwi nevapari vemhosva" vakave hama gumi nenhatu uye vasonganiri vebhizinesi vemuzvinabhizinesi ane imba yakapambwa.
The Nguva dzakashuma kuti vasungwa vakasungwa nekubvunzurudzwa zvichitevera kurwiswa kwaNdira 2020 zvichibva mukufungirwa nevehungwaru hweAfghan kuti vaive ve "ring of middlemen" inoshanda pakati peRussia GRU nevanonzi "mauto akabatana neTaliban," sezvinyorwa zveAfghan. yakajekeswa.
Uyezve, zvinopesana ne report initial neThe Times, kupambwa uku kwanga kwaitwa chete neveAfghan intelligence service inozivikanwa seNational Directorate of Security (NDS). The Times yakataura izvi pana July 1. Zvechokwadi, kubvunzurudzwa kweavo vakasungwa mumhirizhonga kwakaitwa neNDS, iyo inotsanangura chikonzero nei kushuma kweTimes kwakataura kakawanda nezve "kubvunzurudza" pasina kumbotsanangura kuti ndiani chaizvoizvo akaita kubvunza.
Tichifunga nezve mukurumbira wakashata weNDS, zvinofanirwa kufungidzirwa kuti avo vaibvunzurudza vakashandisa kurwadzisa kana kutyisidzirwa kuti vawane maakaundi kubva kuvasungwa vaizotsigira rondedzero yehurumende yeAfghan. Ose ari maviri Toronto Globe uye Mail uye Sangano reUnited Nations Rubatsiro muAfghanistan (UNAMA) vakanyora nguva pfupi yadarika muna 2019 kushandiswa kunowanzoitwa kushungurudzwa neNDS kuwana ruzivo kubva kuvasungwa. Chinangwa chikuru cheNDS chaive chekumisikidza mhepo inonzwisisika yakatenderedza chirevo chekuti bhizinesi rekutiza Azizi ndiye aive "mukuru wepakati" wechirongwa cheGRU chekupa mabhonasi ekuuraya vanhu vekuAmerica.
NDS yakagadzira zvakajeka nyaya yayo kuti ienderane nemanzwiro eUS nyika yekuchengetedza nyika. Rondedzero yacho yakadzokorora mishumo yehungwaru yapfuura nezveRussia bounties muAfghanistan izvo yakapararira mukutanga kwe2019, uye zvakatokurukurwa pamisangano yeNSC. Hapana chakaitwa pamusoro pemishumo iyi, zvisinei, nekuti hapana chakange chasimbiswa.
Pfungwa yekuti varwi veTaliban vakaomarara vanoda kana kuda mari yekunze kuti vauraye varwi veAmerica vaigona kudzingwa pachiso chayo. Saka vakuru vakuru veAfghan vakapopotera zvirevo zvekuti mari yeRussia yakabhadharwa kukurudzira mhirizhonga ne "mauto nematsotsi" anonzi "ane hukama" neTaliban.
Zvinhu izvi zvakapinda muna Kubvumbi 2019 IED kurwiswa kwemotokari padyo nenzvimbo yemauto eUS kuBagram mudunhu reParwan iyo yakauraya vatatu veUS Marines, vachisimbirira kuti veTaliban vakabhadhara matsotsi emunharaunda mudunhu kuti arwise.
Semukuru wemapurisa epaParwan Gen. Zaman Mamozai akaudza Times, vatungamiriri veTaliban vaigara mumatunhu maviri chete ematunhu gumi, zvichivamanikidza kuvimba netiweki yakawanda yevasiri veTaliban mhondi-for-hire kuti varwise kumwe kunhu mudunhu. Idzi nzvimbo dzaisanganisira dunhu rakatenderedza Bagram, maererano nekupokana kwehurumende yeAfghan.
Asi Dr. Thomas H. Johnson vechikoro cheNaval Postgraduate School, nyanzvi inotungamira mukumukira uye kurwisa mhirizhonga muAfghanistan uyo anga achitsvagurudza nezvehondo munyika iyi kwemakore makumi matatu, akarasa pfungwa yekuti veTaliban vangada network yematsotsi kuti ishande nemazvo. muParwan.
"MaTaliban akazara muParwan," Johnson akadaro mubvunzurudzo neThe Grayzone, achiona kuti varwi vayo vakaramba vachirwisa kana pedyo neBagram base muhondo yese.
Nekurega kuri kuuya, nyika yekuchengetedza nyika inotamba kadhi rayo reBountygate
Vakuru vezvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika veUS vaive nezvikonzero zvakajeka zvekugashira rondedzero yeNDS. Kupfuura chero chinhu, vakuru ava vaive vakatsunga kumisa kumanikidza kwaTrump kuti abve kuAfghanistan. Kune Pentagon ndarira uye hutungamiriri hwevanhu, kutya kubviswa kwakawedzera zvakanyanya mukutanga kwa2020 sezvo Trump akatanga kuda. imwe nguva yakatokurumidza kwekudhonza kwakazara kupfuura iyo 12-14 mwedzi iri kutaurirana neTaliban.
Hazvina kushamisa kuti chinhu ichi chakasvetuka pamukana wekushandisa zvishuwo zvekuzvifarira neAfghan NDS kuti iite hurongwa hwayo, kunyanya sezvo sarudzo dzaNovember dzainge dzave pedyo. The Times kunyange yataurwa mumwe "mukuru [weUS] mukuru" achifunga kuti "humbowo pamusoro peRussia hungadai hwakatyisidzira kuti [Afghanistan] chibvumirano, nekuti yakaratidza kuti mushure memakore gumi nemasere ehondo, VaTrump vairega Russia ichidzinga mauto ekupedzisira eAmerica kunze kwenyika. ”
Muchokwadi, hungwaru hwekushuma kubva kuCIA Station muKabul paNDS Russia bounty zvichemo zvakaverengerwa muPresidential Daily Brief (PDB) musi waFebruary 27 kana kuti - sekutaurirana kwechibvumirano cherunyararo cheUS neTaliban kwave kuda kusainwa. Zvakanga zvanonoka kudzivirira kusaina asi nguva yakaringana yekumanikidza Trump kuti adzoke pakutyisidzira kwake kuburitsa mauto ese eUS muAfghanistan.
VaTrump vanogona kunge vakaudzwa nemuromo nezvenyaya iyi panguva iyoyo, asi kunyangwe dai anga asiri, kuvepo kwetsananguro yepfupiso yehungwaru muPDB zviri pachena kuti yakashandiswa kumunyadzisa kuAfghanistan nekuiburitsa kune vezvenhau.
Sekureva kwaRay McGovern, aimbove mukuru weCIA aive nebasa rekugadzirira PDB yeVatungamiri Ronald Reagan naGeorge H.W. Bush, kuiswa kwehungwaru, isina kusimbiswa kubva kune inozvifarira yeAfghan intelligence agency muPDB kwaive kubva pane zvakajairika.
Kunze kwekunge iri pfupiso yemitsara miviri kana mitatu yemushumo wehungwaru hwazvino, McGovern akatsanangura, chinhu chiri muPDB chaiwanzobatanidza hungwaru hwakakosha hwaive hwasimbiswa. Uyezve, maererano naMcGovern, zvinhu zvePDB zvinowanzova zvipfupi zvinyorwa zvezvinhu zvakagadzirirwa zuva rimwe chete sechikamu cheCIA "World Intelligence Review" kana "WIRe."
Ruzivo pamusoro peiyo inonzi Russian bounty scheme, zvisinei, yanga isiri chikamu cheWIRe kusvika Chivabvu 4, inopfuura mwedzi miviri gare gare, maererano ne Times. Kusiyana uku kwakawedzera huremu kune zano rekuti CIA yaive nezvematongerwo enyika ekudyara iyo mbishi NDS inoshuma muPDB isati yaongororwa.
Muna Chikumi uno, National Security Council yaVaTrump (NSC) yakaita musangano wekuzeya nezvehungwaru, vakuru vakuru vakaudza Times. Nhengo dzeNSC dzakagadzira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana mukupindura kunonzi kurangana kweRussia, kubva pakuratidzira kwemumiriri kusvika kune mhinduro dzine simba. Chero ratidziro yeruzhinji yekuti mauto eUS muAfghanistan akange akanangwa nevasori vekuRussia angadai akatyisidzira hurongwa hwaTrump hwekubuda muAfghanistan.
Pane imwe nguva mumavhiki akatevera, CIA, Defense Intelligence Agency uye National Security Agency imwe neimwe yakaita ongororo yezvichemo zvehungwaru zveAfghan. Kana Times yangotanga kuburitsa nyaya nezvenyaya iyi, Director weNational Intelligence John Ratcliffe akaraira National Intelligence Council, iyo ine basa rekutarisira ese akajairwa hungwaru nharaunda ongororo, kuti inyore memorandamu inopfupikisa zvakatemwa nemasangano ehungwaru.
The memorandum zvakaratidza kuti vezvehungwaru havana kufadzwa nezvavakaona. CIA neNational Counter-Terrorism Center (NCTC) imwe neimwe yakapa NDS hungwaru ongororo ye "kuvimba kwakadzikama," sekureva memorandamu.
An gwara repamutemo kuruzivo rwenharaunda yehungwaru izwi rinoshandiswa nevagadziri vemitemo kuona kuti vangavimba zvakadii paongororo inoratidza kuti "kuvimba kuri pakati nepakati" kunowanzoratidza kuti "ruzivo rwuri kushandiswa mukuongorora runogona kududzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana ...." Yakanga isiri kurira kwekusimbisa kweNDS hungwaru pakasvika CIA neNCTC pakuwanikwa uku.
Ongororo yakaitwa neNational Security Agency yakatonyanya kukosha, zvichipihwa kuti yakanga yawana mabatirwo emagetsi ekufambisa kwemari "kubva kubhengi account inodzorwa neuto reRussia intelligence agency kuenda kuTaliban-yakabatana account," maererano neThe Times’ manyuko. Asi iyo NSA sezviri pachena yakanga isingazive kuti kutamiswa kwacho kune chekuita nei, uye zvakanyanya kuramba ruzivo kubva kuAfghan intelligence agency.
NIC memorandum yakashuma kuti NSA yakapa ruzivo kubva kuAfghan intelligence "kuvimba kwakaderera" - iyo yakaderera pane mitatu inogona nhanho yekuvimba inoshandiswa munharaunda yehungwaru. Zvinoenderana negwaro repamutemo remashoko enharaunda yehungwaru, izvo zvaireva kuti "ruzivo rwakashandiswa mukuongorora ishoma, rinopokana, rakakamurwa, kana kuti mhedziso yakasimba yekuongorora haigone kutorwa kubva muruzivo."
Mamwe masangano ehungwaru anonzi akapa "kusavimbika kwakaderera" kune ruzivo zvakare, maererano nememorandamu. Kunyangwe Defence Intelligence Agency, inozivikanwa nemaitiro ayo ekuburitsa yambiro dzevanotyisa nezvezviitwa nevavengi veUS, havana kuwana humbowo mune izvo zvinobatanidza iyo Kremlin kune chero bounty inopa.
Pasati papera mavhiki maviri mushure mekunge Times yaburitsa bhomba rayo raifungidzirwa pamari yeRussia, ichivimba zvachose nevakuru vezvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika vachisundidzira zvido zvavo zvehurumende paAfghanistan, nyaya yacho yakarambwa nenharaunda yehungwaru pachayo. Mumamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika ane hutano, izvi zvingadai zvakagadzira kudzosera kumashure zvinhu zvakatemwa kuchengetedza mauto eUS akadzika midzi muAfghanistan.
Asi kupokana kwezvematongerwo enyika kwakagadzirwa neTimes uye hyper-partisan zvinhu zvakakonzereswa nekuonekwa kweimwe yakashata yaTrump-Putin yakawedzera kuremedza chokwadi chinopokana. Yaive yese Pentagon nevamiriri vayo vehurumende vaifanirwa kusundidzira kumashure pazvirongwa zvekukasira kubvisa kubva muhondo refu uye inodhura.
Gareth Porter mutori wenhau anoongorora akazvimiririra akafukidza mutemo wezvekuchengetedza nyika kubvira 2005 uye ndiye akagamuchira Gellhorn Prize yeJenhau muna 2012. Bhuku rake richangoburwa ibhuku rinonzi The CIA Insider's Guide to the Iran Crisis rakanyorwa naJohn Kiriakou, richangoburitswa mu Kukadzi.
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