Kunobva: The Independent
“Eya, tose tinogona kubvumirana kuti gungwa rakatora 70 muzana yokuputika kwacho!” shamwari yepedyo yeRebhanoni yakandizivisa svondo rino, nekukatyamadza kana kusahadzika sainzi. Ndakanga ndamubvunza - nokuti ndaiziva mhinduro - ndeipi yechitendero cheLebanon yakanga yatambura zvakanyanya kubva mukuputika kwakashandura nyika. Kana kuti haana kuchinja rudzi, sezvazvingave zvakadaro.
Kufanana nezvose zviri muRebhanoni, kuverenga kwake kunogona kunge kwakarurama. Nekuti Beirut, seTripoli - neHaifa, nenyaya iyoyo - yakavakirwa pane imwe yeaya ekare ekumabvazuva kweMediterranean promontories, se "chiso chemuredzi wekare" sekuzivikanwa kwaakaitwa naFairouz guta guru. Kuombera kukuru kweruzha kungangodaro kwakambundira mvura ine munyu yakawanda kupfuura zvivako. Uye hove, sekuziva kwedu, hadzisi dzechitendero.
Asi wandaizivana naye - muSunni Muslim, mushandi wehurumende kwemakore akawanda, muverengi wemabhuku kwete memos - akakurumidza kundinyevera. “Izvi ngatisazvione maererano nehondo yevagari vemo. Asi hongu, maKristu akarohwa zvakanyanya nekuti anogara padyo nechiteshi chiri kumabvazuva kweguta, vaMaronite zvakanyanya. Rutivi rwechiMuslim rweBeirut rwakarasikirwa namahwindo aro, maKristu akarasikirwa noupenyu hwavo.” Asi kunyange ichocho chakanga chisiri chokwadi.
Avo vakataura kuti vakafa vane zvitendero zvose zvokuLebanon vakanga vakaruramawo. Paive nevaMuslim - veSunni neShia pakati pevanodzima moto, vatengesi vezvitoro nevamwe - tisingakanganwi makumi evapoteri veSyria vangangove chikamu chimwe muzvina chevakafa. Muchokwadi, maSyria neimwe nzira akaverengerwa muhuwandu hwekufa kweRebhanoni. Asi pane chimwe chinhu chisinganzwisisike pamusoro pemataurirwo akaitwa dambudziko iri kumadokero.
MuFrance, muBritain neAmerica - uye, ndakaona, muRussia, zvakare - rondedzero (izwi randinovenga) yakanga yakasiyana zvishoma. "VaRebhanoni", saka takaudzwa, vakanga zvino vachipikisa "vakuru" uye hurumende - iyo yakanga yashatisa nyika, yakakanganisa hupfumi hwayo, yakakundikana kuchengetedza vanhu vayo - uye ikozvino yaida hurongwa hutsva hwematongerwo enyika, demokrasi, kwete. -sectarian, uncorrupted, etc etc, etc. Chokwadi zvakare.
Uye hungu, dzimba dzakaputswa namabhuroko efurati nemigwagwa yakaparadzwa zvirokwazvo zvakanga zviri rutivi rworuparadziko rweBeirut. Asi mazita avo - Gemmayze, Mar Mikhael, Ashrafieh - akaunzwa senzvimbowo zvadzo pamepu yeguta kwete epicenter kwete yekuputika kwemafungu chete asi yemoyo yekare yechiKristu yeguta guru reLebanon. Aya matunhu aive akanaka, nhaka yavo yeOttoman yakachengetedzwa zvakanakisa - ingotarisa zvakaitika kune inofema Sursock Museum.
Idzi nzvimbo dzaifadza, nzvimbo dzevechidiki (vazhinji vepakati asi vechiMuslim pamwe nevechiKristu), dzakazadzwa nemaresitorendi nemabhawa, dzaizivikanwa zvakanyanya kwete chete pakati pevechidiki vekuLebanon chete asi nevekumadokero vaigara muguta uye vainzwa vakachengeteka muFrench- kutaura, kutaura Chirungu, kunyanya pro-European (uye kazhinji anti-Syrian, anti-Iranian) vanhu.
Pamberi pehondo yevagari vemo, yaive neimwe nzira yekutenderera: vatorwa vaigara kumadokero kweBeirut, vakaungana vakatenderedza yunivhesiti yeAmerica nedzidzo yayo yakasununguka, kuratidzira kwayo, (ipapo) mafambiro ePalestine, kirasi yepakati Sunnis neDruze uye - kana , wakatyaira kumaodzanyemba mamaira makumi maviri, yakakura, isina hanya nevashoma veShia. Muhondo dzaizotevera neIsrael, dzaizove idzi nedzimwe nzvimbo dzechiMuslim dzaizopwanywa nemabhomba, dzakaparadzwa nekuputika, vanhu vayo vanodimburirwa pasi. Matunhu echiKristu aizoponeswa zvishoma.
Gemmayze naMar Mikhael vaive Christian Phalangist mitsara yekumberi, migwagwa yekumadokero Beirut yakatenderedzwa nemusanganiswa wemauto ePalestine nemaMuslim. VaIsrael pavakapinda muLebanon muna 1982, vakakwaziswa sevaponesi makumi ezviuru zvevaKristu uye vakagamuchirwa mumigwagwa yavo. Ariel Sharon aizosangana nemutungamiri wemauto echiKristu uye akazoponda mutungamiri-akasarudzwa Bashir Gemayel muresitorendi yakanakisa ye "Au Vieux Quartier" kumabvazuva kweBeirut, imba yekutandarira yakagadziridzwa kare asi mugwagwa waive wakaparara musi wa4 Nyamavhuvhu.
Uye kwete, bhora remoto iro mafungu anovhundutsa akaputsa hupenyu hwevanhu avo svondo rapfuura rakanga risiri rudzi rwekutsiva kwezvematongerwo enyika kwakashata kwekare. MaKristu akasimuka kusvika kumwedzi yakawanda yekubhomba kwemauto echiMuslim munguva yehondo uye nekubhomba kweSyria mushure mezvo - uye mumwedzi ichangopfuura, vanhu vavo vanga vari pakati pevacheri veavo vanoda kupera kwehurumende dzakaora dzeRebhanoni. Asi pakati pavo, zvakare, pane avo vakagamuchira zvine hunyanzvi kumusha kubva muhutapwa uye - vazhinji vakatenda - mukuru wechiKristu anopenga Michel Aoun, aive muvengi weSyria uye zvino ari shamwari yeSyria uye mukuwasha wake zvino ave gurukota rezvekunze. (saka kurwiswa kwehushumiri hwake pakupera kwevhiki).
Pazuva rakadzokera Aoun kuBeirut muna 2005 mushure memakore ehunhapwa muParis, vatsigiri vake, vachiimba uye vachivheyesa mabhana, vakagadziridza kuGemmayze kuzopemberera kudzoka kwake. “Zviri nani tiende tovateerera toona zvavanoda,” mumwe muzvinabhizimisi wechiSunni akadaro kwandiri panguva iyoyo. "Pamusoro pazvo, isu tinofanirwa kugara navo." Chokwadi, zvakare. Asi zvino svondo rino anoenderera mberi nemwanakomana weakambourayiwa mutungamiri wenyika, mudiki Nadim Gemayel, aimbova nhengo yeparamende, kuti audze nyika kuti Hezbollah uye nekudaro Iran ndiyo yakakonzera huori hweRebhanoni.
Uye iyi inyaya iri kuunganidzwa mu "rondedzero" yeazvino ematambudziko eRebhanoni. NeMugovera, takanga tichiudzwa - izvi mu Financial Times - kuti "chave chakavanzika kwenguva refu kuti Hezbollah inodzora zvikamu zvechiteshi chengarava cheBeirut, sezvainoita nhandare yendege…" Zvakanaka, kusvika padanho, Lord Copper. Nhepfenyuro dzeterevhizheni dzakabva dzaratidza kuti zvombo zveHezbollah zvakapinzwa nepachiteshi chimwe chete ichi. Ammonium nitrate yaifanira kushandiswa kuHezbollah mabhomba here? Zvamazvirokwazvo, zvichida mamwe awo akanga atoshandiswa nokuda kwechisimba, ayo anofungidzirwa matani 2,750 XNUMX kare akaderedzwa muuremu?
Saka pamwe yave nguva yekushanya kushumiro yehurumende yeRebhanoni yandinofarira, Dhipatimendi reChokwadi cheMumba. Hezbollah zvirokwazvo inodzora zvikamu zveBeirut airport padyo nenzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba, iyo yainotonga. Tarisa kuti ndiani anomhanyisa chengetedzo muchiteshi kana vatyairi veIran vasvika uye nhengo dzeHezbollah dzinopfuura nemukutonga kwekupinda kwevanhu. Asi chiteshi?
Hechino chokwadi chidiki chekumba kubva kuBeirut shipping agent wandakaziva kwemakumi emakore akati wandei. "Bato rega rega reLebanon rine vanhu varo pachiteshi - maSunni, maShia, maKristu, akawanda. Kana ndichida kuunza chikepe uye ndichida kufambisa zvinhu nekukurumidza pachiteshi, ndinogona kuwana varume vetsika vanhu vebato raBerri. " Ari kutaura nezve bato reAmal, Shia pseudo-mauto emutauri weparamende yeLebanon. "Uye kana vanhu veBerri vachibvunza zvakawandisa? Zvakanaka, ndinoenda kuHezbollah kuti ndione kana ndingawana mwero wakaderera kubva zvavo vanhu vetsika." Kana kuvaKristu. Kana kunyange (kunyangwe zvisiri zvakawanda, zvinoita) vaDruze vanoshanda pachiteshi.
Uye ndiyo pfungwa. Nemapato makuru ese - hungwaru hwavo hunotsvakwa nemasimba makuru ekunze - anoshanda pachiteshi, Hezbollah inganyatso chengetedza zvinoputika, zvombo, mabhomba, kunyange zvombo zvinokandwa pachiteshi chengarava? Mune firimu reHollywood, hongu. Asi muhupenyu chaihwo? Aiwa, zvombo zvavo zvinoyambuka muganhu weSiria neRebhanoni kumabvazuva. Munguva yehondo yevagari vemo, Christian Phalange kumabvazuva kweBeirut aidzora iyo yese '5th Basin' (saka yakadanwa) pachiteshi. Asi vakapinza zvombo nezvombo muBeirut kuburikidza nechiteshi chengarava? Chokwadi kwete. (Vakadzitumira mumakireti eindasitiri muchiteshi chavo cheJounieh kuchamhembe, asi ndiyo imwe nyaya). Chiteshi cheBeirut chaive chisiri chekurasira zvombo. Yaive vhiri reroulette remunhu wese. Uye kasino, dhayi rayo rakatakurwa nemapoka ese muRebhanoni, rakaputika zvinoshamisa svondo rapfuura.
Asi ngano yazvino yave kutora mapapiro nenhevedzano yengozi asi isingataurwe. KuHezbollah, verenga maShia ekuLebanon avo, nhamo, vasinganyanyo tsigire kuratidzira - kunyangwe, pakutanga kwaGumiguru apfuura, vakashinga vakamira kumauto eHezbollah kumaodzanyemba kweLebanon. Uye pane dzimwe nguva dzakati wandei, Hezbollah nhubu dzakasvika pakati peBeirut kuzotyisidzira uye kurova varatidziri vanopesana nehuwori mukuyedza kusarudzira kuratidzira, kuvamanikidza kupinda mungozi yeMaronite-Sunni mubatanidzwa unopikisa hurumende.
Kune Hezbollah - uye heino kunyara kwavo chaiko - vakatsigira mafiosi eLebanese. Vanogona kunge vari vamiririri ve "mhomho" yekumaodzanyemba kweRebhanoni, ivo vanozviti uye vakanyanya "kurwisana nechisimba cheZionist", asi vakasarudza kutsigira "zoama" imwechete - mhuri huru - dzakasvibisa Rebhanoni. Hezbollah ine zvigaro muhurumende. Vanoda kuzvichengeta. Saka misimboti vamiriri veShia vanopokana nechero shanduko muhurumende dzine huori dzinotonga Lebanon.
Izvo zvese zvinoratidzira izvi ndezvekuti iyo chaiyo sesekete muhupenyu hweLebanon - iyo inopinda mune zvematongerwo enyika, hupfumi, nzanga uye (ndingade kushandisa izwi iri?) Tsika yenyika - ikozvino yanamatidzwa mukuputswa kwesvondo rapfuura. Isu hatidaidze nzvimbo inoputika semuChristu uye hatidaidze Hezbollah Shia - uye isu hatitaure nezvehondo - asi zvese izvi ichokwadi, uye yave nguva yekuti tizive izvi tisati tapfeka gore rehowa se. nyaya yekireshi nezvevakuru vezvematongerwo enyika vane makaro - kana "elites" sezvandiri kunzwa ivo vachidanwa - uye migwagwa yekumabvazuva kweBeirut sezviratidzo zveRebhanoni yese.
Nyaya chaiyo yerudzi urwu rwakatambudzwa zvakanyanyisa uye rwakangwara, chokwadi, inoenda kure nekufara. Ichokwadi - pamwe chete nechokwadi - kutaura kuti huori igomarara renyika dzemaArabu (uye kwete maArabu chete, kana zviitiko zvichangobva kuitika muIsrael zvichitariswa). Asi neimwe nzira, tinoona iyo Lebhanon vhezheni yehuwori yakaipisisa, inonyadzisa, yakashata kupfuura iyo inoitwa mune dzimwe nyika dzeArab. Izvi nokuti zviri pachena here? Kana kuti nekuti irimo murudzi rwechiArab chete runoshambadza kuora kwarwo?
Saka ngatidzokerei, muchidimbu, kuDhipatimendi reChokwadi chekumba uye titore nyaya iyi kunze kweLebanon. Wese mudzvanyiriri wechiArab anokunda zvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana kana kudarika pasarudzo anomhanyisa nyika ine huori. Asi Egypt, iyo mauto ayo anodzora zvitoro, zvivakwa, nezvimwe - zvakakwana kuita avhareji wezvematongerwo enyika weLebanon kuchema negodo - inosiiwa kunze kwehuori hwatinoyera nayo Lebhanon. Isu tinoita bhizinesi naSisi (90 muzana yevhoti muna 97), uye VaTrump vanomudana kuti "mudzvanyiriri wangu wandinoda" mushure mekunge Sisi vakunda mutungamiri akasarudzwa weEgypt, akavharira makumi ezviuru zvevaimupikisa uye nekutambudza vasungwa kusvika vafa. Uye isu tinokurudzira vagari veku UK kuti vatsigire indasitiri yevashanyi yenyika yavo yakabhuroka, vatumire Royal Navy parunhare rwekuremekedza kuAlexandria uye varumbidze kugadzikana kweEgypt pasi pemudzvinyiriri wavo ane hurombo uyo ari - tose taenda - kurwisa Islamist "extremism" nezvimwe, nezvimwe.
Izvi zvinoshandawo kuSyria. MaRussia anoita bhizinesi neAssad (88.7 muzana yevhoti muna 2014), anogona kuvakazve nyika yake yese, zvikepe zvavo zvichibhadhara mafoni ekuremekedza - zvakanyanya - kuchiteshi cheSyria uye hutongi hunoonekwa muMoscow sechidziviriro kurwisa Islamist "extremism" (etc, etc, zvakare). Huori hweSaudi - munyika isingarote chero sarudzo kunyangwe mambo wayo kana muchinda wekorona aizohwina 99.9 muzana yevhoti - pachayo inoremekedzwa zvekuti UK Fraud Squad inogona kumisa nyaya dzehuori kunze kwekunge tatsamwisa mukuru. vanoshatisa muumambo. Tony Blair aive nezvakawanda zvekutaura nezve "chido chenyika" cheBritain kana zvasvika pakuregedza avo vainzi vakabvisa zvikwambo. Mutsara ndouyu: Vadzvinyiriri vechiArab vane uori, vanhu vanongodzvinyirirwa. Tinoziva mavhoti avo - kana vachinyepedzera kuita sarudzo - ingano.
Asi maRebhanoni, zvisinganzwisisike, anobatwa nesu kuaccount yepamusoro. Sarudzo dzavo dzeparamende haana kubudisa 90 percent kana 80 percent. Kazhinji ivo vari munhamba imwe chete. Nekuti hurongwa hwekuvhota hwemasekete hwakakwana, hwakanyatsogadzirwa zvekuti hunotora huwandu hwevanhu - mavambo echitendero chavo, ndiko - kutariswa. Nenzira yaro, zvine hungwaru - kana ukaregeredza kubatanidzwa uye kupihwa kwemari uye kana - uye chete kana - iwe uchigamuchira hurongwa hwekureurura kuvhota uye zvematongerwo enyika zvesekete renyika uye chokwadi chisingadzivisiki chekuti vhoti ichaburitsa nhevedzano yevatungamiriri pazvigaro zvinotenderera vakabata masimba nekuda kwechitendero chavo kwete kugona kwavo.
Zvinoshuvira vechidiki veRebhanoni - kana avo vatinoona vachiratidzira nhasi - zviri nyore kunzwisisa. Hapana nyika iyo mutungamiri wayo anofanira kunge ari muChristian Maronite, ane mutungamiriri wehurumende anogara ari muSunni Muslim, ane mutauriri weparamende anofanira kugara ari muShia, achazombova nyika yemazuva ano. Chokwadi chaicho chesimba-kuburikidza nechitendero-sekete chinovimbisa uori. Hapagoni kuva necheki pakusavimbika kana simba richitsamira pakutya mumwe nomumwe panzvimbo pokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira.
Uye nekupa vhoti kumunhu wese mugari - muhurongwa hwesarudzo hwakakomberedzwa zvekuti kunyange maMP anofanirwa "kudzidza fomu", sekutaura - vanhu veLebanon ivo pachavo vanounzwa muvhiri resarudzo rekunyadzisa. Kupinda kwavo musarudzo kwakavasvibisa nehuori hwavanovenga nemeso uye nemazvo. Hazvishamisi kuti hasha dzavo dzinopisa. Kusiya basa kwehurumende - sekuitwa kwetiyesheni diki yaHassan Diab nemusi weMuvhuro - kunongova kumwe kukokwa kwekutora chikamu muchiitiko chehurumende chekuzvinyadzisa: ngatiitei imwe sarudzo uye tidzose makororo mamwe chete kukhasino!
Uye kufunga - uye hongu, ichi ichokwadi - kangani isu vekunze tichirumbidza "democracy" yeRebhanoni, tichiwedzera kuti, kana "yakakanganisa", zviri nani pane hudzvanyiriri hwakapoteredza. Asi kana pasina vatungamiriri, sangano rechokwadi, diki, rinoremekedzwa mune zvematongerwo enyika - rinoomerera sei pakupera kwe "chibvumirano chenyika" chinosemesa chakavharirwa Lebanon - chinounza shanduko yebumbiro? Takanzwa mazwi akawanda achitaura nezvekuti maFrench akatonga Rebhanoni zviri nani, zvisina maturo izvo chero kuverenga kwenhoroondo yemazuva ano yeLebanon kunofanira kuparadza - tora mabasa aKamal Salibi, Samir Kassir uye inimitable Brigadier Stephen Longrigg kana uine chero. kusava nechokwadi.
Asi pfungwa dzakakomba dzave kutenderera; kuti panofanira kuva neimwe nzira yemvumo yepasi rose yekudzoreredza hupfumi hweLebanon, kumanikidza mabhanga nehurumende kuita pachena, vatungamiriri vayo kuita hurumende inomiririra kwete ropafadzo yekubata . Asi panguva iyo kumadokero painosvika muchimiro cheInternational Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organisation (WTO) - chokwadi, UN pane vamwe vasati vafunga-kuburikidza, basa risati raongororwa - maKristu nemaMuslim eLebanon vachabatana kuti. vadzinge kunze nehushingi sezvakaita sekuru vavo maFrench.
Isu takanyanya kukoshesa nyika dzekumavirira zana rino rapfuura mukugadzira nyika itsva, bumbiro idzva, "vanhu" vatsva vakaungana zvisina kuchena mukati memiganhu isingaite geographic kana kushomeka kwezvematongerwo enyika. Isu hatigone kutanga kutenderera nehurongwa zvakare, kuranga maRebhanoni nekuda kwekukara kwavo kana vachida kuti tinunure hupfumi hwavo nemabhangi avo, kuvapa chikafu nekuvaka patsva uye hurongwa hutsva hwezvematongerwo enyika. Zvechokwadi, mutengo wemari yedu yekumavirira-kubuda - kubva kuU.S, EU uye hupfumi hwedu hwose - huchatarisa zvishoma sezvibvumirano zvekoloni zve1919, kufanana nekudzorera kweutsinye kwakabhadharwa kuGermany mushure meHondo Yenyika Yokutanga. Kuti tiise mutemo wedu parudzi rwakadzvinyirirwa uye rwaziya nenzara muna 1919, kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti vakabhadhara zvikwereti zvavo, taifanira kutora rutivi rwenyika yeGermany. Ku“chenesa” Rebhanoni nhasi, kumadokero kwaizofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti vanhu vayo vanoteerera mitemo mitsva. Nderipi simba reUN raizodaidzwa kuti riite basa iri risingabviri?
Iyo chete mota ingango fungirwa ingangove musanganiswa weligi idzva repasi rose rakabatana neMarshall Plan largesse, fungidziro yezvisungo zvepasirese - kwete kuRebhanoni diki chete asi dambudziko rose rekuMiddle East, basa rekufungidzira remarudzi akawanda iro rinogona kumbundirana. hondo dzemasekete nedzekuwedzera dzakatambudza dunhu iri mumakore zana apfuura. Funga nezveUN payakavambwa muna 1945, inzvimbo yepedyo-euphoria (uye inoda kuchena kwemhandara) ichienzaniswa nembongoro yekare iyo inovhara pamberi pedu nhasi.
Asi isu tinorarama muzera raDonald Trump, Vladimir Putin uye urudzi hwemhando iyo chete dzvinyiriri dzeArab dzinogona kunge dzakarota makore mashoma apfuura. VaLebhanon havasiri voga vari kutsvaga kupera kwehuori. Tese tiri kuda chinhu chimwe chete pasi rose. Isu tiri, kugadzira imwe cliche, yese Lebanese izvozvi. Ndiko kusaka dambudziko rakapfuura nemuguta ravo guru raive rakasimba uye richityisa.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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